This research investigated the rhizobia that are associated with New Zealand legume plants. Rhizobia are a diverse group of bacteria that live in symbiosis with legumes in root nodules. Rhizobia fix Nitrogen from the atmosphere and provide this nutrient to the plant. The objectives of this research were to: 1) Determine the identity of the rhizobial species nodulating the native legumes of New Zealand: Sophora (kowhai), Carmichaelia (NZ broom), and Clianthus (kakabeak); and the identity and origin of rhizobial species nodulating invasive exotic legumes in New Zealand: Ulex (gorse), Cytisus (broom), and Acacia (wattles). 2) Determine the specificity and nitrogen fixing capacity of both groups of rhizobia. 3) Investigate the possible exchange of transmissible symbiotic genetic elements. A polyphasic strategy was used to determine the identity of bacterial isolates. The 16S rRNA, atpD, recA, and glnII genes were PCR amplified and sequenced, then analysed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Phenotypic characters were also assessed by use of the Biolog and FAME techniques. Nodulation and fixation ability was assessed by inoculating legume seedlings with rhizobial strains, then determining nitrogenase activity after ten weeks by gas chromatography, and examining roots for nodules. A gene involved in symbiosis, nodA, was sequenced from rhizobial strains to determine if transmission between strains had occurred. The results of the experiments showed that the native legumes were predominately nodulated by diverse Mesorhizobium spp. that contain three different nodA genotypes (two of which are novel) that have transferred between rhizobial strains. The Mesorhizobium spp. showed little nodulation specificity and could nodulate an exotic legume Astragalus (milk vetch), but not the invasive weed legumes. Rhizobium leguminosarum was also found to nodulate native legumes, albeit ineffectively. The exotic invasive woody legumes of this study were nodulated by diverse Bradyrhizobium spp. that had nodA genotypes typical of Australian and European species. The origins of these bacteria can not be categorically determined. However the evidence is presented to suggest that nodulating Mesorhizobium spp. arrived with the ancestors of the native legumes, while Bradyrhizobium spp. nodulating Ulex and Cytisus arrived recently from Europe. Bradyrhizobium spp. nodulating Acacia may be recently introduced, possibly from Australia, although further work is required to confirm these hypotheses. / This study was supported by a grant from the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand, under contract 97-LAN-LFS-002, and a grant from the Non-Specific Output Fund of Landcare Research.

The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is the causal agent of several diseases of mungbean (Vigna radiata). One of these diseases, known as charcoal rot, causes spoilage of germinating seed lots, and occurs when seed contaminated with M. phaseolina is used for sprouting. The detection of the pathogen during seed testing prior to export leads to downgrading of the seed and a resultant financial penalty to the grain grower. The aims of this research were: to determine the location of M. phaseolina in diseased and symptomless tissue of mungbean plants; to determine the mode, site and timing of seed colonisation of mungbean; to determine the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on seed colonisation; to conduct an assessment of genotypic variation of M. phaseolina within single plants; to determine modes of transport of inoculum that contribute to foliage infection and seed colonisation of mungbean; and to assess both pre- and post-harvest management strategies in order to reduce or prevent seed colonisation, or to minimise the process of seed transmission. The location of M. phaseolina in mungbean plants was determined through serial sectioning of, and subsequent isolation from, naturally infected host tissue. A large proportion of the mungbean tissue infected by M. phaseolina was found to be symptomless. Moreover, there were large areas of ostensibly pathogen-free tissue separating infection foci, thus indicating a strong likelihood of independent aerial infections. A selection of 14 isolates obtained from serial sectioning were assessed for genotypic variation with six primers using RAPD analysis. Of the 36 bands that were scored, 78% were polymorphic and as a result, 12 distinct genotypes were detected. Polymorphisms were also detected amongst isolates obtained from the same discrete infection area on single plants, which strongly suggests the occurrence of multiple aerial infections. Various methods of controlled inoculation including soil infestation, pod and foliar inoculations, and artificial seed infestation, were used to determine how mungbean seeds are colonised by M. phaseolina. Additionally, most of these inoculation methods were coupled with a series of abiotic treatments (temperature regimes, watering regimes, application of herbicides) that were designed to initiate stress conditions within infected plants, and possibly trigger growth of M. phaseolina from the infection courts and colonise seed. Seed colonisation was established in vitro and in vivo when immature pods were directly inoculated with microsclerotia of M. phaseolina. At least two days exposure at 100% relative humidity (RH) was necessary to establish seed infection in detached mungbean pods that were inoculated with microsclerotia of M. phaseolina. Extensive seed infection was still obtained when one or more days of 100% RH was interrupted by up to three days at low humidity. All except one of the other methods of controlled inoculation failed to produce colonised seed even when combinations of stresses were applied. Only when the bipyridylium herbicide ‘Spray Seed 250’ was applied to plants following the inoculation of mungbean stems within 13 cm of the pods, was seed colonised by M. phaseolina. This result raises the possibility that delayed harvesting of desiccated mungbean crops may promote further colonisation of mungbean tissue, including seed. Very strong evidence for the colonisation of mungbean seeds after deposition of soil-splashed inoculum of M. phaseolina onto pods was obtained through field and laboratory-based studies. Soil-splashed inoculum (most likely microsclerotia) was also found to be the source of inoculum responsible for the development of Macrophomina leaf blight of mungbean at several regional sites. To further investigate this finding, areas of several mungbean crops growing in naturally infested soil were covered in hessian cloth to prevent soil-splash and assessments of the levels of seed colonisation between covered and uncovered areas were made. Although colonisation of seed in the covered areas was significantly lower than in the uncovered areas, covering the soil did not eliminate colonisation of seed. This result suggests that inoculum dispersal, leading to pod infection and subsequent seed colonisation, occurs not only in splashed-soil but also by other means. Soil transported to the extra-floral nectaries of mungbeans by ants was found to contain infective inoculum of M. phaseolina. Furthermore, air-borne debris and dust collected in a trap contained viable microsclerotia of the pathogen. Isolates of M. phaseolina collected from both sources were pathogenic on mungbean seedlings, and suspensions of ant-transported soil and air-borne dust/debris infected mungbean pods and seed. This is the first report of both modes of inoculum dispersal. All three modes undoubtedly contribute to the total level of colonised seed, but their relative importance remains to be determined. Several options for the management of charcoal rot in mungbean seeds were investigated. Application of the fungicide carbendazim to mungbean plants after flowering significantly decreased, but did not prevent, colonisation of mungbean seed by M. phaseolina. Consequently, this method of management holds little promise for mungbean growers. A large number of weeds common in Australian mungbean fields were newly reported as hosts of M. phaseolina. Isolates obtained from the infected, but symptomless weeds were pathogenic on mungbean seedlings, thus indicating a lack of host-specificity toward mungbean. It is strongly suspected that the use of herbicides to control weeds in reduced and zero-tillage farming systems is increasing the risk of infection in subsequent mungbean crops through the build-up of inoculum in soil. This increased risk of infection may be further exacerbated by retaining stubble infested with M. phaseolina on the soil surface, thereby increasing the amount of inoculum that could be splashed onto plant organs. Surface sterilisation, using sodium hypochlorite, significantly reduced colonisation levels in heavily colonised mungbean seed lines, but the process was not enhanced when a partial-vacuum was introduced to the process. In some seed lots, up to 32% of the seed was colonised only on the seed coat (defined here as contamination), whereas the remainder was internally infected. Surface sterilisation also reduced the overall colonisation of 132 commercial lines by approximately one-third. Storage of seed for one month at either 4°C or 15°C significantly reduced colonisation levels in seed, whereas freezing treatments did not. Eradication of M. phaseolina from mungbean seed was possible through thermotherapy. However, the conditions required for eradication also contributed to large increases in abnormal germination levels and large losses in overall germination - an unacceptable trade-off for sprouters. A combination of thermotherapy and surface sterilisation of colonised mungbean seed may provide a more efficient process of seed treatment.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

MATOS, Rafael Pereira de. Estudos fitogeográficos e modelagem ecológica do gênero Dimorphandra Schott (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). 2015. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T23:15:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rpmatos.pdf: 22298599 bytes, checksum: 27e3572d95bd054957b2112cc860b0b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-09-27T23:45:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rpmatos.pdf: 22298599 bytes, checksum: 27e3572d95bd054957b2112cc860b0b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T23:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rpmatos.pdf: 22298599 bytes, checksum: 27e3572d95bd054957b2112cc860b0b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Studying patterns of distribution of organisms is relevant in ecology, biogeography and conservation studies under even to understand the evolution of biodiversity. Dimorphandra Schott. is a widespread neotropical genus with 25 taxa in Brazil, occurring in savanna (Cerrado) and ombrophylous vegetation (Amazonia and Atlantic Rain Forest). This work aims to understand the factor that drives the richness and diversity of Dimorphandra. We used SIG, ecological modeling and databank of SpeciesLink and bibliography. These data were classified within biogeographic provinces according to a biogeographically regionalization scheme and according to groups generated by a cluster analysis in the PC-ORD program and a Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) by PAUP program. At the same time, ecological distribution models were formulated to the past, present and future based on algorithms (BIOCLIM and CCSM) using the softwares MAXENT and DIVA-GIS, referring to each group according to the UPGMA results. The richness and diversity centers were in the Amazon region. The species more widespread were D. mollis Benth. and D. gardneriana Tul., occurring in the Seasonal Tropical Dry Forests (STDFs) in the northeast-southeast direction. Three phytogeographic groups were determined by the cluster analysis: A) Amazon and its two subgroups: Broad Amazon and North of Negro River Basin; B) Ecotones Brazilian Savanna/Atlantic Forest; and C) Guyana Highlands. PAE analysis pointed two major clades with good support (>80% bootstrap). Some distribution patterns were determined: 1) Broad Amazon Pattern, 2) Restricted to northern Amazon Pattern, 3) Guyana Shield Pattern, 4) Ecotones Brazilian Savanna/Atlantic Forest Pattern and 5) Micro Endemic Minas Gerais’ Brazilian Savanna Pattern. Predictive modeling results demonstrated a trend on reduction of most potential occurrence areas, except in small regions in Guyana Highlands, which expanded in a future scenario. Finally, we can conclude that distribution of the genus through South America was known as well its richness and diversity centers, besides it has been checked a general trend on reduction of potential occurrence area of this genus in a future scenario except in high areas which are considered refugia. / Estudar padrões de distribuição dos organismos é relevante na ecologia, biogeografia e biologia da conservação fornecendo subsídios para compreender a evolução da biodiversidade. Dimorphandra Schott é um gênero de distribuição neotropical com 25 espécies no Brasil, distribuídas tanto em formações savânicas (Cerrado) como ombrófilas (Floresta Amazônica e Atlântica). Este trabalho objetivou entender como está distribuída e quais os fatores ambientais estão associados à riqueza e a diversidade de Dimorphandra. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, modelagem ecológica e dados de ocorrência obtidos da rede SpeciesLink, informações bibliográficas e visitas à herbários. Esses dados foram classificados dentro de províncias biogeográficas de acordo com um esquema de regionalização biogeográfica e com os grupos gerados por uma análise de agrupamento – UPGMA realizada no programa PC-ORD e uma análise parcimoniosa de endemicidade (PAE) feita por meio do programa PAUP. Paralelamente, modelos ecológicos de distribuição baseados em algoritmos (BIOCLIM e CCSM) foram formulados para opassado, presente e futuro em ambiente do MAXENT e DIVA-GIS. Ambos os centros de riqueza e diversidade foram a região amazônica. As espécies com mais ampla distribuição foram D. mollis Benth. e D. gardneriana Tul., ambas ocorrendo no corredor de formações vegetacionais abertas e secas no sentido nordeste-sudeste. Três blocos fitogeográficos foram determinados pela análise de agrupamento: A) Amazônia; B) Ecótono Cerrado/Floresta Atlântica; e C) Escudo das Guianas. A análise de PAE evidenciou dois grandes clados com suporte estatístico (bootstrap) acima de 80%. Foram estabelecidos os seguintes padrões de distribuição: 1) Amplo na Amazônia, 2) Restrito ao Norte da Amazônia (acima do Rio Negro), 3) Escudo das Guianas, 4) Ecótono Cerrado/Floresta Atlântica, e 5) Microendêmico aos Cerrados de Minas Gerais. Os resultados da modelagem preditiva demonstraram uma tendência de redução da maior parte da área de ocorrência potencial do gênero em um cenário futuro, com exceção de pequenas regiões no Escudo das Guianas, as quais teriam condições de expandir a distribuição das espécies. Como conclusões, conheceu-se a distribuição do gênero pela América do Sul, seus centros de riqueza e diversidade, no caso a região amazônica, além de ter sido verificada uma tendência geral na redução da área potencial de ocorrência do gênero no futuro e expansão em áreas de altas altitudes, consideradas refúgios.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tavares_aeb_me_botfca.pdf: 796943 bytes, checksum: 6a557f6dcd8f1247b23bf540bbd59fed (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / É comum os produtores de ervilha aproveitarem a estrutura de tutoramento utilizado para a produção de tomate. Porém, este aproveitamento de estruturas pré-estabelecidas dificulta o aumento da população de plantas via redução no espaçamento entre plantas. Uma alternativa é conduzir duas plantas na mesma cova, aumentando assim a densidade no plantio da ervilha. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel – UNESP/FCA, São Manuel/SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de ervilha de vagens comestíveis em diferentes densidades de plantio, variando o espaçamento entre plantas e o número de plantas por cova. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos no esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (espaçamentos entre covas de 0,2, 0,3, 0,4 e 0,5 m com 1 ou 2 plantas por cova), representando densidades de 20.000 à 100.000 plantas por hectare para o espaçamento de 1,0 m entre linhas, com seis repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: produtividade; número de vagens comerciais por hectare e por planta; número de ramificações nas hastes principais; comprimento e largura de vagem comercial. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste F e análise de regressão. Foi obtida maior produtividade de vagens e menor produção por planta, quanto menor o espaçamento. Porém, se o produtor for plantar com um espaçamento maior, aconselha-se o uso de duas plantas por cova / It is common for producing peas utilize structure staking used for tomato production. However, the use of pre-defined structures difficult to increase the population of plants by reducing the distance between plants. An alternative is to conduct two plants in the same hole, thus increasing the density of planting. The work was carried out in São Manuel Experimental Farm - UNESP/FCA, São Manuel/SP, with the objective of evaluating the productivity of edible pea pods at different planting densities, varying the spacing between plants and the number of plants per hole. The experimental design was randomized blocks with eight treatments in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 (hole spacing of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 m with 1 or 2 plants per hole), representing densities of 20,000 to 100,000 plants per hectare to 1.0 m spacing between rows, with six replications. The following characteristic were evaluated: yield; number of commercial pods, total and per plant, number of branches in the main stem, length and width of commercial pods. The data were submitted to the F test and regression analysis. It was obtained higher yield and lower production per plant, the smaller the spacing. However, if the producer decides to plant with a greater spacing, it is recommend the use of two plants per hole

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_k_dr_botfca.pdf: 947058 bytes, checksum: 95e2f811c6edc422916d6f1245c2c2a1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito das plantas de cobertura crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), feijão-guandu (Cajanus cajan), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformes), milho (Zea mays), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) e mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrimum), em cultivo exclusivo e consorciado, e vegetação espontânea, no desempenho agronômico de alface (Lactuca sativa) e cenoura (Daucus carota) cultivadas em sistema orgânico. Para tanto, foram conduzidos três experimentos, sendo um referente à seleção das espécies utilizadas como adubo verde. O primeiro e segundo, determinaram as quantidades de palhada para a formação de cobertura morta, além da decomposição e liberação de nutrientes das palhadas. O terceiro, o efeito do pré-cultivo de leguminosas e gramíneas no rendimento de alface e cenoura cultivadas em sistema orgânico. O delineamento utilizado nos dois primeiros experimentos foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, e o terceiro experimento em esquema de parcelas divididas (alface e cenoura). Nos estudos da decomposição e liberação de nutrientes das palhadas foi utilizado o método da “litter bags”. Conclui-se que o feijão-deporco em cultivo exclusivo apresentou maior produtividade de massa fresca, que os demais adubos verdes, e juntamente com o coquetel completo, maior produtividade de massa seca e acúmulo de nutrientes para a cenoura e alface. O uso de adubos verdes em pré-cultivo das oleráceas manteve a produtividade da cenoura semelhante à testemunha.Dentre as espécies utilizadas, o feijão-de-porco em cultivo exclusivo proporcionou melhor rendimento comercial da alface. Pelos resultados dos experimentos, detectou-se que a adubação verde é uma prática promissora para a produção orgânica de alface e cenoura. / The present work objectived to study the effect of cover crops with Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformes, Zea may, Pennisetum glaucum, and Mucuna aterrimum, in single and associated cultivation and spontaneous vegetation, in the agronomic performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and carrot (Daucus carota) under organic system. Three experiments were conducted, the first one referring to the selection of the species used as green manure. First and second experiments determined the amounts of straw production of phytomass, besides the decomposition and nutrient release of the straws. The third one, the effect of the legumes and grasses pre-cultivation in the lettuce and carrot yields under organic system. The experimental design was a randomized block with four repetitions in the two first tests and the third test a split-splot (lettuce and carrot). In the studies about decomposition and nutrient release of the straws it was used the method of litter bags. It was concluded that Canavalia ensiformes in single cultivation shows higher productivity of fresh mass than other green manure and in complex with the complete cocktail, higher productivity of dry mass and nutrient accumulated for carrot and lettuce. The use of the green manure in pre-cultivation of the vegetables maintained the carrot productivity similar to the no-treated. Among the species of green manure Canavalia ensiformes in single cultivation promoted the best commercial yields of lettuce. By the results, it was detected that the green manure is a promising practice to the organic production of lettuce and carrot.Key words: green manures, legumes, Lactuca sativa, Daucus carota.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-26T12:56:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA194.pdf: 1071160 bytes, checksum: 532abfafc565e7d83c257ec9a501bd35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T12:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA194.pdf: 1071160 bytes, checksum: 532abfafc565e7d83c257ec9a501bd35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-08 / FAPESC / The success in the establishment, production and storage of seeds depends on the physiological quality. The objective was evaluate the physiological quality and red clover seed yield of cultivars and Quiniquelli and Estanzuela 116, sown in two locations in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina State in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. The seeds of the crop 2014/2015 were compared with seeds from Rio Grande do Sul crop harvested in the 2013/2014 and 2015/2016 crop seeds were compared with seeds harvested in the 2014/2015 crop. To assess the viability of the seeds was carried out the germination test (20°C, 10 days in germination chamber). The physiological quality was estimate by the accelerated aging test with saline (42°C, 48 h aging chamber) and seedling length (measured in cm with universal caliper). Productivity was established by harvest all mature inflorescences of the floor area of 3 m2 per repetition, 4 replicates per cultivar and the result was expressed in kg.ha. Regarding the effect the accelerated aging test, there was a reduction of 78% to 116 Estanzuela cultivate the environment 2. The productivity of seeds was higher for cultivar Estanzuela 116 independent environmental and crop, highlighting yet this cultivar in the first crop environment 1 with 304.84 kg / ha. The cultivar Estanzuela 116 was more promising for serrana region of Santa Catarina State / O sucesso no estabelecimento da pastagem, assim como a produção e armazenamento das sementes depende da qualidade fisiológica destas. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a qualidade fisiológica e a produtividade de sementes de trevo-vermelho das cultivares Quiniquelli e Estanzuela 116, semeadas a campo em dois ambientes (1 e 2) da região serrana de Santa Catarina nas safras 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. As sementes da safra 2014/2015 foram semeadas em épocas diferentes (19/05/2014 e 12/06/2014) e foram comparadas com sementes provenientes do Rio Grande do Sul colhidas da safra 2013/2014 e as sementes da safra 2015/2016 foram semeadas em uma única época (18/05/2015) e foram comparadas com as sementes colhidas na safra 2014/2015. Para avaliar a germinação colocou-se as sementes em câmara de germinação a 20°C por um período de 10 dias. A determinação do vigor foi estimada através do teste de envelhecimento acelerado com solução salina (42°C; 48 h em câmara de envelhecimento) e comprimento de plântulas (medidas em cm com paquímetro universal). A produtividade foi estabelecida pela colheita de todas as inflorescências maduras da área útil de 3 m2 por repetição, sendo 4 repetições por cultivar e o resultado foi expresso em kg ha-1. Com relação ao vigor pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado, observou-se redução para a cultivar Estanzuela 116 no ambiente 2. A produtividade das sementes foi maior para a cultivar Estanzuela 116 independente do ambiente e da safra, destacando-se ainda esta cultivar no ambiente 1 da primeira safra, com 304,84 kg/ha. A cultivar Estanzuela 116, para produção de sementes, mostrou-se mais promissora para a região Serrana de Santa Catarina

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:19:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barim_em_me_botfm.pdf: 1395312 bytes, checksum: 8b3645d190436f35ecd09f4f548b221f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A alimentação inadequada e o consumo insuficiente de frutas, verduras e legumes estão relacionadas à maior prevalência de doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis, como diabetes, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares e alguns tipos de cânceres. A complexidade dos determinantes relacionados a essa situação tem exigido o desenvolvimento de investigações que ampliem o conhecimento científico sobre os diferentes aspectos envolvidos. As doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis são de etiologia multifatorial e compartilham vários fatores de riscos modificáveis entre eles a alimentação inadequada, com destaque para a ingestão insuficiente de frutas, verduras e legumes. Considerando a importância desse grupo alimentar para a saúde em geral e redução das doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis, o presente estudo visou descrever o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes e identificar os fatores associados a esse consumo em uma população adulta, usuária de um serviço público de atenção primária à saúde. Para descrever o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foi utilizado recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e realizado método de ajuste pelo consumo energético. Para a obtenção das informações socioeconômicas, antropométricas e sobre os fatores potencialmente associados ao consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foi utilizado um formulário, construído para o presente estudo, guiado por um modelo teórico de determinação do comportamento alimentar de indivíduos adultos. A população estudada foi formada, predominantemente, por mulheres de meia idade e baixa escolaridade, com excesso de peso corporal e alta prevalência de doenças crônicas. O consumo diário médio de frutas, verduras e legumes, ajustado por energia, foi igual a 281,3 gramas... / Inadequate diet and insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes are related to higher prevalence of non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and some cancer types. The complexity of determinants related to this situation has required the development of investigations that can expand scientific knowledge concerning the different aspects involved. Non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations have multifactor etiology and share various changeable risk factors, among which is inadequate diet, with distinction to insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes. Considering the importance of this food group to general health and to the reduction of non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations, the present study aimed at describing the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes and at identifying the factors associated with such intake in an adult population of users of a public primary health care service. In order to describe the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes, a 24-hour recall was used, and a method of adjustment for energetic intake was performed. A form specifically designed for the present study, guided by a theoretical model for determination of individual adults’ dietary behavior, was used to collect socioeconomic and anthropometric data as well as information concerning the factors potentially associated with the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes. The studied population predominantly consisted of poorly educated middleaged overweight women with a high prevalence of chronic diseases. The mean daily intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes, adjusted for energy, was equal to 281.3 grams, and the mean percentage of energy in the diet provided by this dietary group was equal to 8.7%. Of the evaluated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: A alimentação inadequada e o consumo insuficiente de frutas, verduras e legumes estão relacionadas à maior prevalência de doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis, como diabetes, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares e alguns tipos de cânceres. A complexidade dos determinantes relacionados a essa situação tem exigido o desenvolvimento de investigações que ampliem o conhecimento científico sobre os diferentes aspectos envolvidos. As doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis são de etiologia multifatorial e compartilham vários fatores de riscos modificáveis entre eles a alimentação inadequada, com destaque para a ingestão insuficiente de frutas, verduras e legumes. Considerando a importância desse grupo alimentar para a saúde em geral e redução das doenças e agravos crônicos não transmissíveis, o presente estudo visou descrever o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes e identificar os fatores associados a esse consumo em uma população adulta, usuária de um serviço público de atenção primária à saúde. Para descrever o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foi utilizado recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e realizado método de ajuste pelo consumo energético. Para a obtenção das informações socioeconômicas, antropométricas e sobre os fatores potencialmente associados ao consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foi utilizado um formulário, construído para o presente estudo, guiado por um modelo teórico de determinação do comportamento alimentar de indivíduos adultos. A população estudada foi formada, predominantemente, por mulheres de meia idade e baixa escolaridade, com excesso de peso corporal e alta prevalência de doenças crônicas. O consumo diário médio de frutas, verduras e legumes, ajustado por energia, foi igual a 281,3 gramas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Inadequate diet and insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes are related to higher prevalence of non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and some cancer types. The complexity of determinants related to this situation has required the development of investigations that can expand scientific knowledge concerning the different aspects involved. Non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations have multifactor etiology and share various changeable risk factors, among which is inadequate diet, with distinction to insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes. Considering the importance of this food group to general health and to the reduction of non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations, the present study aimed at describing the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes and at identifying the factors associated with such intake in an adult population of users of a public primary health care service. In order to describe the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes, a 24-hour recall was used, and a method of adjustment for energetic intake was performed. A form specifically designed for the present study, guided by a theoretical model for determination of individual adults' dietary behavior, was used to collect socioeconomic and anthropometric data as well as information concerning the factors potentially associated with the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes. The studied population predominantly consisted of poorly educated middleaged overweight women with a high prevalence of chronic diseases. The mean daily intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes, adjusted for energy, was equal to 281.3 grams, and the mean percentage of energy in the diet provided by this dietary group was equal to 8.7%. Of the evaluated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Elen Rose Lodeiro Castanheira / Coorientador: Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite Carvalhaes / Banca: Regina Mara Fisberg / Banca: Antonio de Pádua Pithon Cyrino / Mestre

CAPES / A família Fabaceae (Leguminosae) é constituída por 750 gêneros e mais de 18000 espécies, distribuídas em todo o mundo. No Brasil esta é representada por aproximadamente 175 gêneros e 1500 espécies. As espécies da família Fabaceae são particularmente ricas em flavonoides e compostos biossinteticamente relacionados, como rotenóides e isoflavonoides. Alcalóides, terpenóides e esteróides são exemplos de outras classes de substâncias que ocorrem em muitos exemplares da família. Dentre as espécies representantes desta família na região de Porto Rico-PR, área de proteção ambiental, está Aeschynomene fluminensis e Machaerium hirtum. Uma revisão bibliográfica destas espécies indicou a ausência de estudos fitoquímicos e biológicos, o que motivou a escolha das mesmas para investigação. Ainda foi verificado que M. hirtum é utilizada na medicina popular contra tosse, diarréia e câncer. O estudo fitoquímico para as duas espécies foi iniciado a partir da obtenção dos extratos brutos metanólicos das folhas e dos galhos, por maceração, e as obtenções de frações destes extratos a partir de partições em solventes de polaridades diferentes. As frações obtidas foram submetidas a purificações cromatográficas em colunas de gel de sílica e/ou Sephadex LH-20. Os tratamentos cromatográficos realizados para as frações de A. fluminensis levaram ao isolamento dos flavonóides canferitrina, α-raminoisorobina, quercitrina, 3-O-apiofuranosil-7-O-raminopiranosil-canferol e avicularina, da procianidina A2; da flavanona iso-hemifolina; da isoflavona daidzeína e do açúcar 3- O-metil-quiro-inositol. O estudo das frações obtidas de M. hirtum, resultou no isolamento das flavonas isovitexina e swertisina; do alcalóide 4-hidróxi-N-metilprolina; dos triterpenos friedelan-3-ona e lupen-20(29)-3β-ol e da mistura dos esteróides estigmasterol e sitosterol, a qual também foi encontrada em A. fluminensis. A elucidação das estruturas foi realizada mediante análise de dados espectroscópicos de RMN de 1H e 13C e de técnicas bidimensionais gCOSY, ii gHSQC e gHMBC) e por comparação com os dados relatados na literatura. Os extratos brutos e frações de A. fluminensis foram submetidos a ensaios de atividade anti-inflamatória no modelo edema de orelha e se mostraram todos ativos, sendo mais significativos os extratos e frações hexânicas das folhas e dos galhos. Nos ensaios de atividade da enzima de mieloperoxidase (MPO) apresentaram resultados significativos todas as frações de A. fluminensis com maiores atividades as frações hexânicas e CHCl3 das folhas e dos galhos. Os extratos brutos e todas as frações de M. hirtum apresentaram bons resultados quando submetidos a ensaios de atividade anti-inflamatória no modelo edema de orelha, para a substância 4-hidróxi-N-metil-prolina este ensaio resultou em redução moderada. Na atividade da enzima de mieloperoxidase apresentaram resultados significativos os extratos e todas as frações de M. hirtum, sendo mais ativas as frações hexânicas e AcOEt das folhas e dos galhos e CHCl3 dos galhos. A mistura swertisina e isovitexina e a substância 4-hidróxi-N-metil-prolina apresentaram redução pronunciada da enzima. O teste de pleurisia foi significativo apenas para o extrato bruto das folhas de M. hirtum. No teste da atividade antitumoral de A. fluminensis sobre células Caco-2 foi observado que a fração CHCl3 dos galhos e a canferitrina apresentaram os resultados mais promissores. / The Fabaceae family (Leguminosae) comprises 750 genera and over 18000 species, distributed worldwide. In Brazil it is represented by approximately 175 genera and 1500 species. The Fabaceae species are particularly rich in flavonoids and biosynthetically related compounds, such as isoflavonoids and rotenoids. Alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids are examples of other classes of substances that occur in many samples of the family. Aeschynomene fluminensis and Machaerium hirtum are among the representative species of this family in the region of Porto Rico-Paraná state, an environmental protection area. A literature review of these species indicated the absence of phytochemical and biological studies, which motivated their choice for investigation. It was also found that M. hirtum is used in folk medicine against cough, diarrhea and cancer. The phytochemical study for both species was initiated after obtaining the methanol crude extracts of leaves and twigs, by percolation, and the varieties of extract fractions by means of partitions in different polarities solvents. The obtained fractions were subjected to purification on chromatographic columns of silica gel and/or Sephadex LH-20. The chromatographic treatments performed for A. fluminensis fractions led to the isolation of the following flavonoids: kaempferitrin, α-rhamnoisorobin, quercitrin, 3-Oapiofuranosyl- 7-O-rhamnopyranosyl-kaempferol and avicularin, A2 procyanidin; the flavanone iso-hemipholin; the isoflavone daidzein and the 3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol sugar. The study of the obtained fractions of M. hirtum resulted in the isolation of the isovitexin and swertisin flavones; of the 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-proline alkaloid, the friedelan-3-one and lupen-20(29)-3β-ol triterpenes and the stigmasterol and sitosterol steroids mixture, which was also found in A. fluminensis. The elucidation of the structures was performed by analysis of spectroscopic data of 1H and 13C NMR and bidimensional techniques (gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC) and by comparison with the data reported in the literature. The crude extracts and the A. fluminensis iv fractions were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in the ear edema model and showed all active; the most significant were the extracts and hexane fractions from leaves and twigs. The tests of the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity showed significant results for all A. fluminensis fractions with more activities for the CHCl3 and hexane fractions of leaves and twigs. The crude extracts and all M. hirtum fractions showed good results when tested for anti-inflammatory activity in the ear edema model; for the substance 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-proline this test resulted in moderate reduction. For the activity of the myeloperoxidase enzyme, the M. hirtum extracts and all fractions showed significant results, being more active the hexane and EtOAc fractions of leaves and twigs and CHCl3 of twigs. The swertisin and isovitexin mixture and the substance 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-proline showed pronounced enzyme reduction. The pleurisy test was significant only for the crude extract of M. hirtum leaves. When testing the A. fluminensis antitumor activity on Caco-2 cells, it was observed that the CHCl3 fraction of the twigs and the kaempferitrin showed the most promising results.