Today, as we live longer, dementia diseases are becoming more prevalent around the world. Thus, further knowledge of how to maintain levels of cognitive functioning in old age and how to identify factors that postpone the onset of dementia are of acute interest. Lifestyle patterns and social life are important aspects to consider in this regard. This thesis includes three studies. Study I investigated the association between participation in various leisure activities in old age (≥65 years) and risk of incident all-cause dementia. Analyses of the total follow-up time period (15 years) showed that higher levels of “Social” and “Total” leisure activity were associated with decreased risk of dementia. In Study II, the aim was to investigate the association between various aspects of social relationships in old age (≥65 years) and risk of incidents of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Results showed that over the total follow-up period (16 years) higher values on the relationship index were associated with reduced risk of both dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Visiting/visits of friends and acquaintances more than once a week was related to decreased risk for all-cause dementia, but not for Alzheimer's disease. However, in neither Study I nor II did any of these factors alter the risk of all-cause dementia or Alzheimer's disease when near-onset dementias were removed from the analyses (Study I, up to five years; Study II, up to three years). In Study III the aim was to investigate the association between social network size and cognitive ability in a middle-aged (40–60 years) sample. The idea was that if social network size can moderate negative age-related influence on memory functions, it might also put an individual on a cognitive trajectory that is beneficial in old age. Results from longitudinal analyses showed that baseline network size was positively related to five-year changes in semantic memory and with changes in both semantic and episodic memory at the ten-year follow-up. Social network size was unrelated to changes in visuospatial performance. Taken together, enrichment factors measured in old age (≥ 65 years) did not alter the risk of all-cause dementia or Alzheimer's disease when near-onset dementias were removed from the analyses. These results might reflect protective short-term effects or reverse causality, meaning that in the prodromal phase of dementia individuals tend to withdraw from activity. Social network size in middle age (40-60 years), however, appears to have beneficial long-term effects on cognitive functioning. The results highlight the importance of long follow-up periods and the need to adjust for the influences of reverse causality when investigating the impact of a socially and mentally active life on cognitive functioning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo - Rubian Diego Andrade.pdf: 96479 bytes, checksum: 72203fece94f20d196d962ef405b113f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os objetivos desde estudo foram: propor e analisar a validade de construto da Escala de Preferências no Lazer (EPL) para identificação das preferências e envolvimento em práticas vivenciadas nos diferentes contextos do lazer em adultos; e investigar as associações entre as preferências no lazer e saúde de trabalhadores de diferentes turnos de industriários da Grande Florianópolis. Para isso, constituíram-se duas amostras: a A contou com a participação de 51 adultos oriundos de diferentes profissões. Com estes indivíduos foi verificada a reprodutibilidade da EPL. Já a amostra B foi composta por 885 participantes trabalhadores da indústria, de diferentes funções, da região da grande Florianópolis. Com esta amostra B verificou-se a consistência interna do instrumento. O processo de validação da escala deu-se por meio de três etapas; a) análise de conteúdo por cinco doutores pesquisadores do lazer, que avaliaram o instrumento quanto à clareza da linguagem e pertinência prática o que permitiu o cálculo do coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC); b) reprodutibilidade em teste-reteste para o cálculo do coeficiente de variação temporal; e c) análise de consistência interna. A avaliação de conteúdo apresentou coeficientes adequados, tanto com relação à clareza da linguagem (CVCt=0,951) quanto para a pertinência prática (CVCt=0,925). Os coeficientes de variação temporal (teste-reteste) indicaram valores de reprodutibilidade aceitáveis (&#8805;0,70), sem diferenças significativas entre as avaliações (p>0,05). A escala apresentou adequada consistência interna com Alpha Cronbach=0,719. Desta forma, a EPL apresentou valores aceitáveis de qualidade psicométrica em sua estrutura, podendo ser utilizada em pesquisas com o objetivo de investigar as preferências e envolvimento nos diferentes conteúdos do lazer em adultos. A amostra B também foi utilizada para responder ao segundo objetivo do estudo. Para as questões de saúde utilizou-se o IPAQ versão curta, o Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) e o questionário de matutinidade e vespertinidade de Horne-Ostberg, para análise da atividade física, qualidade do sono e cronotipo, respectivamente. Entre as questões do trabalho investigadas destacam-se, o tipo de trabalho realizado, a ocupação em outra atividade remunerada, tempo na empresa, escolaridade e renda. Para o cálculo da diferença entre as médias, utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Qui-Quadrado. Na análise de correlação entre as variáveis contínuas, fez-se uso do teste de Spearman. Os dados foram analisados nos softwares, SPSS 20.0, BioEstat 5.0 e GPower 3.0. Para todas as análises adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. A média de idade dos trabalhadores foi de 31,1(8,5) anos, sendo 58,0% do sexo feminino. Identificou-se diferença estatística entre os turnos com relação à qualidade do sono (p<0,001), com prevalência de 35,6% de distúrbios do sono nos trabalhadores noturnos. Entre esses, 16,7% possuíam características matutinas e 68,6% relataram faltas ao trabalho no último ano por questões de saúde. O consumo de bebidas cafeinadas (33,3%) e de cigarros (21,6%) também foi maior entre os trabalhadores noturnos. Apesar disso, o tempo em atividade física vigorosa foi maior nesses trabalhadores, com média de 75,5 minutos por semana. Trabalhadores em turnos possuíam menor remuneração (p<0,001) e maior frequência de um segundo emprego (p=0,002) em comparação do turno geral. Entre as questões relacionadas ao lazer, identificou-se diferença nos conteúdos artísticos (p=0,046), físico-esportivo (p=0,048) e turístico (p=0,004) entre os trabalhadores de diferentes turnos. Acredita-se que os resultados deste estudo possam servir de base para novas políticas públicas de lazer ao trabalhador catarinense, bem como melhor entendimento por parte das organizações quanto à importância na seleção dos trabalhadores para o turno noturno de acordo com o seu cronotipo a fim de preservar a qualidade de vida dos seus funcionários.

The aim of the thesis was to elaborate strategic analysis of non-profit making organization. There is a theory of strategic analysis, strategic management and financial analysis in first part. The theory is applied for a specific non-profit making organization Pop Balet o.s. in second part of the thesis. The organization provides high-quality and systematic dance education for children and youth. Pop Balet o.s. is supposed to be a leader in the dance industry. At the end of the thesis there is recommendation for future development of the organization based on elaborate strategic analysis.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur könsrollerna i fritidshemmet formas och upprätthålls men även hur de bryts. Forskningsfrågorna vi utgår från handlar om pojkar och flickors val utifrån ett genusperspektiv samt förändringar som uppstår när barn bryter könsroller kopplat till fria lekar och fritidsaktiviteter. För att besvara dessa frågor har vi genomfört observationer på en skolas fritidshems och deras inomhus- och utomhusmiljö. Analyseringen av det insamlade materialet har genomförts utifrån de teoretiska perspektiven socialisation och genus. Vår studies resultat visar att det finns skillnader mellan pojkar och flickor utifrån könsroller som är stereotypiska i elevernas val av aktiviteter. När det kommer till likheter i val av aktiviteter mellan pojkar och flickor, upptäckte vi det i en fri lek. Ett oväntat resultat som visar att både pojkar och flickor tycker om låtsaslek, dock är det deras roller i leken som skiljer mellan könen. Utifrån förändringar som uppstod när barn bryter könsroller, märkte vi att det beror på en sammanstötning mellan barns egna val och stereotypiska uppfattningar om deras kön. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how gender roles in the after-school environment are shaped and maintained but also how they fluctuate. The research questions we've picked are based on boys and girls choices from a gender perspective as well as changes that occur when children break gender roles linked to free play and leisure activities. In order to observe this theme, we have conducted observation in after-schools indoor and outdoor environments. Analysis of the collected material has been carried out on the basis of socialization and gender concepts. Our study's results show that there are differences between boys and girls based on gender roles that are stereotypical in the choice of activities. When it comes to similarities in choosing activities between boys and girls, we discovered those in a free play setting. An unexpected result that shows that both boys and girls enjoy free play, however it is the content of their roles in the play that differentiates the sexes. Based on changes that occurred when children break gender roles, we discovered that these are due to clashes between children's choices and stereotypical perceptions about their gender.

Background According to recent research, telepresence robots are increasingly used as self-support devices to aid in social interaction in remote areas. Increased participation in leisure activities is one of the most important outcomes of the intervention. However, there is still a scarcity of prior literature on studies with special-needs children. Objective This scoping review aims to explore the participation of children with functional limitations through telepresence robots while identifying barriers and facilitators in their application. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using ten databases in English and Japanese. Prior studies were screened and selected based on a systematic procedure. The literature was collected based on the following criteria and mapped according to the components of the ICF. Results Environmental and human factors are all contributing to barriers or facilitating factors. Also, six themes emerged for telepresence robot interventions: user conditions, decision-maker approval, virtual inclusion, social attitudes, rapport, and children's preferences. Conclusion Since the main daily activities for children occur in the school setting, and it is necessary to build technology and support in line with children's needs. / 背景 近年、遠隔地における社会的交流を支援するための自立支援装置として、テレプレゼンスロボットの利用が進んでいる。また余暇活動への参加率の向上は、子供達への介入の最も重要な成果の一つである。しかし、特別な支援を必要とする児童を対象とした研究の先行文献はまだ少ない。 目的 本稿のスクーピングレビューでは、テレプレゼンスロボットを活用する機能的制限のある子どもの参加について調査し、その適用における障壁と促進要因を明らかにすることを目的とする。 方法 日本語と英語のデータベースを用いて包括的な文献検索を行った。先行研究をスクリーニングし、体系的な手順に基づいて選択した。文献は基準に沿って収集し、ICFの構成要素に従いマッピングした。 結果 環境的・人的要因のすべてが障壁や促進要因となっている。また、テレプレゼンスロボットによる介入では、ユーザーの条件、意思決定者の承認、バーチャルインクルージョン、社会的態度、ラポール、子どもの嗜好の6つのテーマが浮かび上がった。 結論 子どもの主な日常生活は学校生活の中で行われるため、子どものニーズに沿った技術や支援を構築することが必要である。

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本研究以女性主義觀點，從女性生活空間,女性主觀的經驗感受以及彼此不同屬性間差異所反應的社會脈落價值觀問題等角度來探討女性休閒課題。在滿足女性休閒期望的前提下，考慮阻礙女性參與休閒的影響因子，探討女性的休閒認知, 休閒活動, 休閒設施三者間的特性及相互關係，作為建立女性休閒環境架構之基礎研究。 　本研究受限於個人時間, 人力, 財力等因素，問卷抽樣限於居住在臺北市及臺北縣的二十歲以上女性為研究對象，僅針對女性日常休閒活動及日常使用之休閒設施做調查研究，不涉及較長時間長距離之國內外休閒遊憩活動。本研究透過相關理論文獻回顧與評述，由心理學，社會學，休閒學，女性學，地域設施論等各種不同角度來探討女性休閒概念，女性休閒設施計畫，女性休閒相關研究與議題，並對臺灣女性生活時間及休閒狀況做一回顧。 　基於對研究主題，問題內涵，及個人認知觀念之考量，主要調查分析方法是並用焦點團體訪談的質性研究與問卷調查的量化統計二種研究方法。由女性自身角色認知及女性休閒認知來解析女性休閒目的，休閒選擇主動權及休閒訊息來源。並由區位，頻率，交流性等三指標分析休閒活動特性，掌握阻礙女性參與休閒因素及對休閒活動的期望。將女性休閒設施特色依區位，性質，類型等指標做解析，並分析女性對休閒設施的考慮因素，休閒設施區位及增設類型等的期望。 　從研究結果得知，不同屬性之女性對休閒目的，休閒活動，休閒設施的需求不同，休閒環境所呈現的特質亦不同。休閒目的與休閒活動間具有互換性，兩者關係屬於行為科學研究範疇。休閒活動與休閒設施間關係屬於環境行為學研究範疇，具有規範性。而休閒設施與休閒目的間具有觸發性，屬於環境認知之研究範疇。 / The suqeject of this paper is to survey leisure issues of women from a feminist perspective,to satisfy wonen`s leisure expectation as a prerequisite,also to consider the facrtors which influence wonen`s leisure activity patterns and priorities,I try to survey the characters and the relationshipw of women leisure consciousness,women leisure activity patterns and the leisure facility;to build a framework of wonen leisure environmental structure,Due to the limitaion of time,manpower and moneuy, this study focus on women Whose age are above20-year-old and live in Taipei city. the research range is not include long-time＆long－distance recreation activity but focus on wom'ens daily leisure activity. According to the previous studies, I defined three meanings of leisure and various leisure activities Were divided into three leisure categories depending on the tendency of their meaning. In order to analyze the leisure characteristics,frequencies, site are used as indexes. Leisure activities were analyzed and categorized into the following four types of leisure activitiey;regional activity; urban activity and natural activity The spatial characteristics of the leisure facilities based on physical characteristics were examined. The conclusion reaches that three aspects of leisure were clearly found and these aspects strongly influence each other Women had different needs of leisure consciousness,leisure activities and leisure facilities within different clusters.Also there were different characteristics appeared in women leisure environment.

This work is monitored from a professional point of view the area of creativity and its development on students during a summer camp. The theoretical part deals with the problems of creativity, its development and leisure activities. Research section includes a comprehensive weekly program that uses various methods to develop creativity, applied on the high school students during the summer camp activities. The aim of this study was to compare the methods used in terms of their impact on human development, teamwork, communication, creativity and degree of its development. This research showed, that the development of creativity in the teamwork brings a lot of advantages. Especially the level of cooperation, inspiration and humour, that is lived in the group together. In this research is showed that different methods for the development of creativity are developing the components of creativity in different degrees.

The submission of this thesis was preceded by a specialised studio „Brněnské nábřeží a kulturní čtvrť Ponava“. This work focused on a complex urban architectural solution to the area around the former “Jaselská kasárna”, the urban context, transport services, the field configuration etc. The thesis follows this project in a section defined by streets U Červeného mlýna, Staňkova and Střední. The goal of the thesis lies in the creation of an intensive goal – a cultural area, which will offer a high-quality space for intergenerational communication and new social experiences and activities. It newly connects the urban part Ponava with the town center of Brno by a high-quality axis for pedestrian and cycling transport. The project of this cultural area arose after a thorough analysis of surrounding, intercity and global relations as a combination of aims: for children – the elementary art school with graphic and dancing fields, for seniors – leisure time center, and for all together - a multifunctional concert hall and a revitalized area of the former industrial zone of furniture production to a multipurpose intergenerational area with a modern art gallery, offices for young businessmen, architects and artists, and a music club in the basement of the gallery.