A análise de freqüência de cheias através da distribuição de probabilidade generalizada de valores extremos-GEV tem crescido nos últimos anos. A estimação de altos quantis de cheias é comumente praticada extrapolando o ajuste, representado por uma das 3 formas inversas de distribuição GEV, para períodos de retorno bem superiores ao período dos dados observados. Eventos hidrológicos ocorrem na natureza com valores finitos, tal que, seus valores máximos seguem a forma assintótica da GEV limitada. Neste trabalho estuda-se a estimabilidade da distribuição GEV através de momentos LH, usando séries de cheias anuais com diferentes características e comprimentos, obtidas de séries de vazões diária gerada de diversas formas. Primeiramente, sequências estocásticas de vazões diárias foram obtidas da distribuição limitada como subjacente da distribuição GEV limitada. Os resultados da estimação dos parâmetros via momentos-LH, mostram que o ajuste da distribuição GEV as amostras de cheias anuais com menos de 100 valores, pode indicar qualquer forma de distribuição de valores extremos e não somente a forma limitada como seria esperado. Também, houve grande incerteza na estimação dos parâmetros obtidos de 50 séries geradas de uma mesma distribuição. Ajustes da distribuição GEV às séries de vazões anuais, obtidas séries de fluxo diários gerados com 4 modelos estocásticos disponíveis na literatura e calibrados aos dados dos rio Paraná e dos Patos, resultaram na forma de Gumbel. Propõe-se um modelo de geração diária que simula picos de vazões usando a distribuição limitada. O ajuste do novo modelo às vazões diárias do rio Paraná reproduziu as estatísticas diárias, mensais, anuais, assim como os valores extremos da série histórica. Além disso, a série das cheias anuais com longa duração, foi adequadamente descrita pela forma da distribuição GEV limitada. / Frequency analysis of floods by Generalized Extreme Value probability distribution has multiplied in the last few years. The estimations of high quantile floods is commonly practiced extrapolating the adjustment represented by one of the three forms of inverse GEV distribution for the return periods much greater than the period of observation. The hydrologic events occur in nature with finite values such that their maximum values follow the asymptotic form of limited GEV distribution. This work studies the identifiability of GEV distribution by LH-moments using annual flood series of different characteristics and lengths, obtained from daily flow series generated by various methods. Firstly, stochastic sequences of daily flows were obtained from the limited distribution underlying the GEV limited distribution. The results from the LH-moment estimation of parameters show that fitting GEV distribution to annual flood samples of less than 100 values may indicate any form of extreme value distribution and not just the limited form as one would expect. Also, there was great uncertainty noticed in the estimated parameters obtained for 50 series generated from the some distribution. Fitting GEV distribution to annual flood series, obtained from daily flow series generated by 4 stochastic model available in literature calibrated for the data from Paraná and dos Patos rivers, indicated Gumbel distribution. A daily flow generator is proposed which simulated the high flow pulses by limited distribution. It successfully reproduced the statistics related to daily, monthly and annual values as well as the extreme values of historic data. Further, annual flood series of long duration are shown to follow the form of asymptotic limited GEV distribution.

A análise de freqüência de cheias através da distribuição de probabilidade generalizada de valores extremos-GEV tem crescido nos últimos anos. A estimação de altos quantis de cheias é comumente praticada extrapolando o ajuste, representado por uma das 3 formas inversas de distribuição GEV, para períodos de retorno bem superiores ao período dos dados observados. Eventos hidrológicos ocorrem na natureza com valores finitos, tal que, seus valores máximos seguem a forma assintótica da GEV limitada. Neste trabalho estuda-se a estimabilidade da distribuição GEV através de momentos LH, usando séries de cheias anuais com diferentes características e comprimentos, obtidas de séries de vazões diária gerada de diversas formas. Primeiramente, sequências estocásticas de vazões diárias foram obtidas da distribuição limitada como subjacente da distribuição GEV limitada. Os resultados da estimação dos parâmetros via momentos-LH, mostram que o ajuste da distribuição GEV as amostras de cheias anuais com menos de 100 valores, pode indicar qualquer forma de distribuição de valores extremos e não somente a forma limitada como seria esperado. Também, houve grande incerteza na estimação dos parâmetros obtidos de 50 séries geradas de uma mesma distribuição. Ajustes da distribuição GEV às séries de vazões anuais, obtidas séries de fluxo diários gerados com 4 modelos estocásticos disponíveis na literatura e calibrados aos dados dos rio Paraná e dos Patos, resultaram na forma de Gumbel. Propõe-se um modelo de geração diária que simula picos de vazões usando a distribuição limitada. O ajuste do novo modelo às vazões diárias do rio Paraná reproduziu as estatísticas diárias, mensais, anuais, assim como os valores extremos da série histórica. Além disso, a série das cheias anuais com longa duração, foi adequadamente descrita pela forma da distribuição GEV limitada. / Frequency analysis of floods by Generalized Extreme Value probability distribution has multiplied in the last few years. The estimations of high quantile floods is commonly practiced extrapolating the adjustment represented by one of the three forms of inverse GEV distribution for the return periods much greater than the period of observation. The hydrologic events occur in nature with finite values such that their maximum values follow the asymptotic form of limited GEV distribution. This work studies the identifiability of GEV distribution by LH-moments using annual flood series of different characteristics and lengths, obtained from daily flow series generated by various methods. Firstly, stochastic sequences of daily flows were obtained from the limited distribution underlying the GEV limited distribution. The results from the LH-moment estimation of parameters show that fitting GEV distribution to annual flood samples of less than 100 values may indicate any form of extreme value distribution and not just the limited form as one would expect. Also, there was great uncertainty noticed in the estimated parameters obtained for 50 series generated from the some distribution. Fitting GEV distribution to annual flood series, obtained from daily flow series generated by 4 stochastic model available in literature calibrated for the data from Paraná and dos Patos rivers, indicated Gumbel distribution. A daily flow generator is proposed which simulated the high flow pulses by limited distribution. It successfully reproduced the statistics related to daily, monthly and annual values as well as the extreme values of historic data. Further, annual flood series of long duration are shown to follow the form of asymptotic limited GEV distribution.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-04-01T20:41:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mônica Canêdo Silva Maia - 2015.pdf: 2190840 bytes, checksum: b52ab9d3f319bc193309f78f9ef2e243 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-04T11:56:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mônica Canêdo Silva Maia - 2015.pdf: 2190840 bytes, checksum: b52ab9d3f319bc193309f78f9ef2e243 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T11:56:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mônica Canêdo Silva Maia - 2015.pdf: 2190840 bytes, checksum: b52ab9d3f319bc193309f78f9ef2e243 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / Controlled ovarian stimulation has become an integral part of infertility treatment. Treatment options with recombinant gonadotrophins add more to knowledge on folliculogenesis and ovarian steroidogenesis. The role of recombinant luteinizing hormone is controversial undergoing ovarian stimulation and has been widely debated. Objective: To compare the effects of supplementation with recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) for controlled ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) in a protocol with GnRH-antagonist in cycles of IVF/ICSI. Methods: Case-control study with 113 patients attended at a university center in the city of Goiania, aged between 34-42 years, who were divided into two groups according to an ovarian stimulation scheme: Group I (n= 60): rFSH (control group) and Group II (n= 53): rFSH + rLH (treated group). These groups were comparable for age, BMI, duration of infertility, serum FSH, LH and estradiol. Numbers of oocytes collected and in metaphase II, fertilization rate, embryos rate and rates of chemical and clinical pregnancy were analyzed. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical software BioStat ® 5.3. Differences in proportions were assessed by chi-square test and means by Wilcoxon Mann- Whitney test. P < 0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of patients in Group I was 37.3±2.1 years and Group II 37.9±2.4 years (P > 0.05). The comparability of the other main characteristics (duration of infertility, BMI, FSH, LH and basal estradiol) were also observed between Groups I and II (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding: number of oocytes retrieved (Group I= 4.9 ± 2.1, Group II= 5.7 ± 2.6, P= 0.061), number of oocytes in metaphase II (Group I= 3.4 ± 1.6, Group II= 4.0 ± 1.9, P= 0.060), fertilization rate (Group I= 65.3%, Group II= 69.4 %, OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.85-1.70, P= 0.282), embryos rate (Group I= 85.4%, Group II= 88.5%, OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.73-2.36, P= 0.355), rate of chemical pregnancy (Group I= 20.0%, Group II= 24.5%; OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.53-3.16, P= 0.562) and clinical pregnancy rate (Group I= 20.0%, Group II= 22.6%, OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.47-2.89, P= 0.731). Conclusion: In this study it was concluded that supplementation with r-LH showed no benefit with respect to variables during controlled ovarian stimulation with GnRH antagonists. / A estimulação ovariana controlada tornou-se parte integrante no tratamento da infertilidade. As opções de tratamento com gonadotrofinas recombinantes adicionaram mais conhecimento da foliculogênese e esteroidogênese ovariana. O uso do hormônio luteinizante recombinante é controverso em pacientes que passam por estimulação ovariana e tem sido amplamente debatido. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da suplementação de LHr para a estimulação ovariana controlada com FSHr em um protocolo com antagonista de GnRH em ciclos de FIV/ICSI. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle com 113 pacientes atendidas em um centro universitário na cidade de Goiânia, idade entre 34 a 42 anos, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com a estimulação ovariana: Grupo I (n= 60): FSHr (grupo controle) e Grupo II (n= 53): FSHr + LHr (grupo tratado). Estes grupos foram comparáveis para idade, IMC, duração da infertilidade, níveis séricos de FSH, LH e estradiol. Foram analisados número de ovócitos coletados e em metáfase II, taxa de fertilização, taxa de clivagem embrionária, taxas de gravidez química e clínica. A análise de dados foi realizada pelo programa estatístico Bioestat 5.3®. As diferenças de proporções foram avaliadas por teste de Qui-quadrado e as médias pelo teste Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney. p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: A média de idade das pacientes do Grupo I foi 37,3 ± 2,1 anos e do Grupo II de 37,9 ± 2,4 anos (p > 0,05). A comparabilidade das outras principais características (duração da infertilidade, índice de massa corporal, FSH, LH e estradiol basal) foram também observadas entre os Grupos I e II (p > 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em relação ao: número de ovócitos captados (Grupo I= 4,9 ± 2,1; Grupo II= 5,7 ± 2,6; p= 0,061), número de ovócitos em metáfase II (Grupo I= 3,4 ± 1,6; Grupo II= 4,0 ± 1,9; p= 0,060), taxa de fertilização (Grupo I= 65,3%; Grupo II= 69,4%; OR 1,20; IC 95% 0,85-1,70; p= 0,282), taxa de clivagem embrionária (Grupo I= 85,4%; Grupo II= 88,5%; OR 1,31; IC 95% 0,73-2,36; p= 0,355), taxa de gravidez química (Grupo I= 20,0%; Grupo II= 24,5%; OR 1,30; IC 95% 0,53-3,16; p= 0,562) e taxa de gravidez clínica (Grupo I= 20,0%; Grupo II= 22,6%, OR 1,17; IC 95% 0,47-2,89; p= 0,731). Conclusão: Neste estudo concluiu-se que a suplementação com LHr não demonstrou benefício em relação às variáveis analisadas durante a estimulação ovariana controlada com antagonistas de GnRH.

Im Rahmen der Performancekunst in Nordamerika und Europa seit 1970 lassen sich Performances ausmachen, die sich inhaltlich mit dem Sterben befassen. Die vorliegende Dissertation widmet sich der Frage, inwiefern sich die existenzielle Performancekunst als Medium zur Evokation von Sterblichkeitsbewusstsein eignet. Den Untersuchungsgegenstand bilden 19 Performances, die als existenzielle Performancekunst bezeichnet werden. Die Performer*innen zeigen ihr „Spiel mit dem Sterben“ oder laden dazu ein, bei der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Sterben mitzuspielen. Es wird analysiert, auf welche Weise sich die elf Performer*innen in existenzieller Performance mit Sterblichkeit befassen. Dabei fällt auf, dass es einerseits eine spielerische, liminoide Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema gibt. Andererseits lassen sich existenzielle Performances ausmachen, die eine ernste, liminale Auseinandersetzung mit der Sterblichkeit aufzeigen, da sich der Künstler/die Künstlerin Schmerzen zufügt bzw. zufügen lässt oder gar in die Gefahr begibt, während der Performance zu sterben. Jene dichotomischen Aspekte, wie sie bereits der Anthropologe Victor Turner beschrieb, werden konkretisiert mit existenzieller Performancekunst in Zusammenhang gebracht und zudem auf Überlegungen der Theaterwissenschaftlerin Erika Fischer-Lichte zur Liminalität bezogen und weiterentwickelt. Im Fokus stehen somit auftretende und sich auflösende Dichotomien, sowie die Interpersonalität zwischen Performenden und Teilnehmenden. Darüber hinaus werden Primäraspekte existenzieller Performancekunst herausgearbeitet. Die Primäraspekte und die dichotomischen Aspekte werden im Hinblick auf die Evokation von Sterblichkeitsbewusstsein untersucht. Die vorliegende Dissertation reflektiert darüber hinaus Fragen der Medialität von existenzieller Performancekunst. / Within the context of performance art in North America and Europe since 1970 several performances that consider mortality can be identified. This dissertation deals with the question, whether existential performance art is suitable as medium to evoke an awareness of mortality. The research object consists of 19 performances that are designated as existential performance art. The performers show their „play with dying“ or invite to participate in the involvement with dying. It is analysed in which kind of way the eleven performer deal with mortality in existential performance art. As can be noticed, on the one hand there is a ludic and liminoid involvement with dying. On the other hand art performances can be identified that demonstrate serious and liminal involvement with dying, because of the artist`s willingness to suffer or even to run the risk of losing his or her life while performing. Those dichotomic aspects, as already described by anthropologist Victor Turner, are made concrete and brought into connection with existential performance art in this dissertation. Furthermore the dissertation refers to Erika Fischer-Lichte`s thoughts concerning liminality, but extends the ideas related to existential performance art and mortality. Oscillating dichotomies are focussed on as well as the interpersonal encounter between performer and participant. Primary aspects of existential performance art are worked out. Both dichotomic and primary aspects are examined concerning their role in evoking an awareness of mortality. Moreover this dissertation reflects on mediality of existential performance art.

Stefanie Gerke untersucht in der vorliegenden Dissertation die Frage, in welcher Weise sich Künstler*innen mit verfallender Architektur der 1960er und 1970er Jahre beschäftigen. Sie analysiert Fotografie-, Film- und Videoarbeiten seit 1990, die gezielt ikonografische Traditionen des Topos Ruine erweitern, aktualisieren und unter den Bedingungen ihres Mediums neu orientieren. War die Ruinenikonografie bislang durch die Ästhetik der Romantik sowie Georg Simmels geprägt, der den Reiz verfallender Bauten in der Rückeroberung durch die Natur sah, bestehen die modernen Ruinen aus industriellen, schwer vergänglichen Baustoffen und sind häufig die Folge menschlicher statt natürlicher Zerstörung. Die Analyse der Werke zeitgenössischer Künstler*innen, die sich maßgeblich mit dem Verfall von Nachkriegsbauten beschäftigt haben, führt in der Dissertation daher zu einer Aktualisierung der für den Ruinenbegriff prägenden ästhetischen Kategorien des Pittoresken und des Erhabenen für das 21. Jahrhundert. Einige der analysierten Arbeiten nutzen Nachkriegsarchitektur als zeitgemäßes Symbol der Vergänglichkeit und widmen sich in pittoresker Tradition vor allem Wahrnehmungsfragen, um die Konstruktionsmechanismen ihrer eigenen Medien zu reflektieren, wie etwa die 16-mm-Filme Tacita Deans (*1965), die Polaroid-Serie Cyprien Gaillards (*1980) und die Fotomontagen Beate Gütschows (*1970). Andere Künstler gewinnen den radikalen Bildern abgerissener oder dem Abbruch geweihter, gescheiterter Nachkriegsarchitektur und den damit einhergehenden sozialen Folgen eine ästhetische Komponente ab, die in der Tradition des Erhabenen Lust und Schrecken miteinander verbindet, wie etwa Julian Rosefeldt (*1965), Clemens von Wedemeyer (*1974) und Tobias Zielony (*1973). Die Dissertation verortet sich nicht nur innerhalb der Diskussion um das Erbe der Nachkriegsmoderne, sondern steckt systematisch ein Feld ab, in dem sich zeitgenössische Kunst momentan bewegt. / In this dissertation, Stefanie Gerke investigates the question of how artists deal with decaying architecture of the 1960s and 1970s. She analyzes photographic, film, and video works since 1990 that specifically expand the iconographic tradition of the ruin, update it, and rearticulate it within the specific conditions of new media. While the iconography of ruins was previously influenced by the aesthetics of Romanticism as well as Georg Simmel, who saw the appeal of decaying buildings in their reconquest by nature, modern ruins are made of industrial building materials that are difficult to decompose and are often the result of human rather than natural destruction. In the dissertation, the analysis of the works of contemporary artists who are dealing with the decay of post-war buildings therefore leads to an update of two aesthetic categories that characterize the concept of ruins, for the 21st century: the picturesque and the sublime. Some of the works analyzed use postwar architecture as a contemporary symbol of transience and, in the picturesque tradition, devote themselves primarily to questions of perception in order to reflect on the construction mechanisms of their own media, such as Tacita Dean's (*1965) 16mm films, Cyprien Gaillard's (*1980) Polaroid series, and Beate Gütschow's (*1970) photomontages. Other artists extract an aesthetic component from the radical images of demolished or condemned, failed postwar architecture and the accompanying social consequences, which combines pleasure and horror in the tradition of the sublime, such as Julian Rosefeldt and Piero Steinle (*1965/1959), Clemens von Wedemeyer (*1974), and Tobias Zielony (*1973). The dissertation not only locates itself within the discussion about the legacy of postwar architecture, but also systematically delineates a field in which contemporary art is currently active.

<p>In perifusion cell cultures, the culture medium flows continuously through a chamber containing immobilized cells and the effluent is collected at the end. In our main applications, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or oxytocin is introduced into the chamber as the input. They stimulate the cells to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH), which is collected in the effluent. To relate the effluent LH concentration to the cellular processes producing it, we develop and analyze a mathematical model consisting of coupled partial differential equations describing the intracellular signaling and the movement of substances in the cell chamber. We analyze three different data sets and give cellular mechanisms that explain the data. Our model indicates that two negative feedback loops, one fast and one slow, are needed to explain the data and we give their biological bases. We demonstrate that different LH outcomes in oxytocin and GnRH stimulations might originate from different receptor dynamics. We analyze the model to understand the influence of parameters, like the rate of the medium flow or the fraction collection time, on the experimental outcomes. We investigate how the rate of binding and dissociation of the input hormone to and from its receptor influence its movement down the chamber. Finally, we formulate and analyze simpler models that allow us to predict the distortion of a square pulse due to hormone-receptor interactions and to estimate parameters using perifusion data. We show that in the limit of high binding and dissociation the square pulse moves as a diffusing Gaussian and in this limit the biological parameters can be estimated.</p> / Dissertation

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic potentially life-threatening complication of assisted reproduction techniques (ART). It is caused by an increased sensitivity of ovaries to gonadotropins administered during the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Thus, the degree of ovarian response can be gently tuned by genetic polymorphisms of gonadotropins and their receptors. The aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of polymorphisms Asn291Ser (rs1470652), Ser312Asn (rs2293275) and insLQ (insertion of leucine and glutamine, rs58356637) in the luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene in 102 Czech fertile men, 149 fertile women and 58 patients with serious grade of OHSS. Detection of the Asn291Ser and Ser312Asn polymorphisms was performed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. The insLQ variation was detected by the capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence-labeled primers. This study ascertained the prevalence of studied variants in Czech fertile population. Obtained results are in concordance with the majority of data from other European populations. There is no difference in prevalence between control-men and control-women. No relation to the development of OHSS was disclosed. The number of analyzed samples is too small for haplotype analysis. These...

Protocolos de sucesso para a maturação in vitro de oócitos de peixe são importantes, uma vez que é necessário para garantir uma fertilização bem sucedida, formação do zigoto, crescimento do embrião e seu completo desenvolvimento. Em algumas espécies, a eficiência deste processo ainda é muito baixa ou restrita a poucas substâncias que podem ser utilizadas. Assim, pesquisou-se a utilização de hormônios alternativos ao protocolo já existente para maturação in vitro de ovócitos de zebrafish. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do extrato de hipófise de carpa (EHC), dos hormônios folículo estimulante (FSH) e luteinizante (LH) para fazer a maturação dos ovócitos estádio III de zebrafish. Os oócitos estádio III foram colocados em meio de cultivo Leibovitz modificado, suplementado com soro fetal bovino e adicionado o hormônio correspondente a seu tratamento (T1-controle; T2-16 μg/ml de EHC; T3- 32 μg/ml de EHC; T4- 48 μg/ml de EHC; T5- 64 μg/ml de EHC; T6- 80 μg/ml de EHC; T7- 0,5 μg/ml de FSH; T8- 0,5 μg/ml de LH e T9- 0,5 μg/ml de FSH e 0,5 μg/ml de LH). A taxa de maturação foi avaliada através da visualização da quebra da vesícula germinal (GVBD). Em todos os tratamentos houve maturação, embora o EHC tenha demonstrado taxas de maturação muito baixas (T2= 12,8%; T3=24,8%; T4=27%; T5=22,7%; T6=9,7%) e inferiores em relação a maior eficiência dos hormônios gonadotrópicos (T7=16%; T8=35%; T9=50%). Além disso foi possível verificar a viabilidade dos oócito através da fertilização in vitro do melhor tratamento (T9) com uma taxa de eclosão e desenvolvimento em larva de 60%. Os resultados da maturação in vitro utilizando estes indutores hormonais em oócitos estádio III de zebrafish mostraram-se promissores, e reforçam as perspectivas para o aprimoramento e uso desta técnica para produção in vitro de embriões viáveis. / Successful protocols for maturation of oocytes are important, as it is necessary for ensuring successful fertilization, zygote formation, embryo growth and full development. In some species the efficiency of in vitro maturation is still very low or is still restricted to a little amount of substances which can be used for the matter. Thus, we studied the use of alternative hormones to the existing protocol for in vitro maturation of zebrafish oocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of carp pituitary extract (CPE), the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to oocyte maturation stage III of zebrafish. Oocytes stage III were placed in modified Leibovitz culture medium, suplemented with fetal bovine serum and added to the correnponding hormone treatment (T1-control; T2-16 g / ml of CHE; T3 32 g / ml of CHE, T4 - 48 g / ml of CHE; T5- 64 g / ml of CHE; T6- 80 g / ml of CHE; T7- 0.5 g / ml of FSH, T8 0.5 mg / ml of LH and T9- 0.5 g / ml of FSH and 0.5 mg / ml LH). The maturation rate was assessed by the germinal vesicle break down (GVBD). In all cases there was maturation, though the EHC has demonstrated fairly low maturation rate (T2= 12,8%; T3=24,8%; T4=27%; T5=22,7%; T6=9,7%) and lower in relation of the high efficiency presented by the gonadotropic hormones (T7=16%; T8=35%; T9=50%). In addition it was possible to verify the viability of the oocyte through IVF of the best treatment (T9) with a result of 60% of hatching and larvae development rate. The results of maturation in turn using this hormones in stage III oocytes of zebrafish proved promising, and enhance the prospects for improvement and use of this technique for in vitro production of viable embryos.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major health problem that affects many women worldwide. In Egypt, PPD is neglected despite the expected high prevalence rate among women during the transition period after the Egyptian revolution. This research investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and interventions of postpartum depression in southern rural Egypt. Interviews were conducted with 57 participants recruited from public and private hospitals. Questionnaires and the Arabic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were administered. The prevalence of PPD is 73.7%. PPD is associated with low income and age at childbirth. Most participants regarded screening mothers after childbirth for PPD as effective; in comparison to, antidepressants that were regarded by most participants as ineffective. Women in southern rural Egypt prefer high number of pregnancies, so investigating the influence of sertraline, an antidepressant medication, on female hormones becomes important. In this research, fathead minnows were exposed to 3 and 10 ppb sertraline for 7 days. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the change in gene expression of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Results showed that a down regulation at the 10 ppb was evident on the LH and to a lesser extent on FSH. Our results increased levels of sertraline inhibited GnRH which influenced expression of LH and FSH.

O desenvolvimento embrionário tem inicio a partir da fecundação do oócito pelo espermatozóide no interior do oviduto. O oviduto é um órgão tortuoso que mede de 20 a 30cm e está dividido em três porções: istmo, ampola e infundíbulo. Os hormônios influenciam a atividade das células-alvo pela ligação de moléculas receptoras especificas. A imuno-histoquímica é o conjunto de procedimentos que utiliza anticorpos como reagentes específicos para detecção de antígenos presentes em células ou tecidos, portanto, através desta técnica é possível verificar a presença de receptores hormonais em determinados órgãos. Este estudo teve como objetivo localizar a presença de receptores para o hormônio luteinizante (LH) nas diferentes porções do oviduto utilizando a técnica de imuno-histoquímica. Foram utilizadas 18 éguas que se encontravam em estro, ou seja, apresentavam um folículo maior que 35mm e trato reprodutivo condizente com a fase estrogênica do ciclo estral. Das 18 éguas utilizadas neste trabalho, 16 éguas (88,8 %) apresentaram receptores para hormônio luteinizante (RLH) no oviduto. Destas 16 éguas, 8 (44,4 %) apresentaram RLH no epitélio e 7 (38,8 %) apresentaram RLH no tecido muscular do istmo, 14 (77,7 %) apresentaram RLH no epitélio e 13 (72,2 %) no tecido muscular da ampola, 10 (55.5 %) apresentaram RLH no epitélio e 1 (5,5 %) no tecido muscular do infundíbulo. Nas éguas que apresentaram receptores no epitélio a intensidade verificada foi de 1,5; 2,5 e 2,6 no istmo, ampola e infundíbulo, respectivamente enquanto que na porção muscular foi de 1,14; 2,3 e 3 respectivamente, para cada uma das três porções estudadas. Foi verificada uma maior intensidade de receptores na ampola do oviduto, o que pode relacionar o LH no processo de fecundação do oócito pelo o espermatozóide. / Embryonic development begins with the fertilization of the egg by the sperm in the oviduct. The oviduct is a tortuous organ which extended measures 20 to 30cm and is divided into three parts: the isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum. Hormones influence the activity of target cells by binding to specific receptor molecules. Immunohistochemistry is the set of procedures that use antibodies as reagents for detection of specific antigens present in cells or tissues, therefore, using this technique it is possible to verify the presence of hormone receptors in certain organs. This study aimed to verify the presence of hormone receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) in different portions of the oviduct using the technique of immunohistochemistry. We used 18 mares were in estrus that had a follicle greater than 35mm and reproductive tract consistent with the estrogen phase of the estrous cycle. From the 18 mares that were part of that study, 16 mares (88.8 %) had receptors for luteinizing hormone (RLH) in the oviduct. From these 16 mares, 8 (44.4 %) had RLH in the epithelium and 7 (38.8 %) had RLH in the muscle of the isthmus, 14 (77.7 %) had RLH epithelium and 13 (72.2 %) in the muscle of the ampulla, 10 (55.5 %) had RLH in the epithelium m and 1 (5.5 %) in the muscle of the infundibulum. In mares that had receptors in the epithelium the intensity verified was 1,5 ; 2,5 and 2,6 on the isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum, respectively while in the muscular portion was 1,14 ; 2,3 and 3 respectively, for each of the three portions studied. It was verified a greater intensity of receptors in the ampulla of the oviduct, which may relate the LH in the process of fertilization of the oocyte by the sperm.