Doctoral thesis Life cycle cost model of an apartment building includes the process of modeling, starting with the theoretical definition and ending up with testing it for practical usage, the error measurement and its recalling abilities. The aim is to construct a model for simulating the life cycle costs of an apartment building during the phase of purchasing it followed with the simulation of life cycle costs having the conditions defined in advance. The method of the model construction shall be found in stating an appropriate representative, setting the entrance parameters and defining the condition under which it is supposed to work. The last step is to test the created model in order to find possible mistakes. Mathematically-statistical methods shall be used for setting the model. Another researching method comprises of creating several exemplary studies which shall correct the costs model and expand its applicability.

This doctoral thesis deals with modelling and simulation of investment projects and linking risk management with new trends in construction industry. Process of balancing of acceptable risk level and investment costs is really complex and is influenced by several uncertainties. Simulation methods are able to model future scenarios of project development and quantify impact of risk factors. The aim of the doctoral thesis is to find an optimal methodology for risk analysis during decision-making process using simulation methods. The methodology links modeling by simulation method Monte Carlo with CBA, with risk analysis respectively. The aim is to reach more effective process of planning of investment projects. An accurate project plan in preinvestment phase will influence effectiveness of life cycle costs significantly. This is proved also by BIM methodology which works on base of transfer and storage of actual and complete information about investment plan within its whole lifecycle. Expected output of the thesis is effective application of simulation methods in risk prediction for modeling of outputs of investment project. Data from model are useful for decision making process, risk management, controlling and postaudit of investments. Projects can be evaluated by their complex benefits and quality with respect to sustainability.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce the given topic " Cost analysis of the building and their coverage" and to show an analyze of selected the life cycle phases on a specific example. The paper also solved ways of financing options especially financing via grants. At the end of work I deal with the recommendations of choosing a suitable grant title for the financing of new construction or reconstruction nursery schools.

The thesis titled "Cost analysis of engineering structures" presents a comparison of the life cycle costs of linear structures with an asphalt surface against the life cycle cost of linear structures with a concrete surface. The thesis deals with prices, costs, calculations and budgets in its theoretical part. The following chapters present history and current status, road constructions, life cycle of the construction and differences between concrete and asphalt covering. Practical part of the thesis is divided into three parts. In each sub-section, there is a practical example of comparing the costs of the life cycle of linear structure with the asphalt surface against the costs of the life cycle of linear structure with the concrete surface. Everything is expressed in graphs.

Diploma thesis deals with comparing of current awards by Classification of building structures and works and awards by Functional parts. It is possible to calculate Building life cycle costs by Functional parts. This is definately the advantage of the system because the calculation cannot be done by Classification of building structures and works. A new law on public procurement deals with Building life cycle costs as an evaluation criterion. So it is recommended to use Functional parts awards. The other goal of the thesis is to find bridges between Functional parts and the issue of BIM. BIM is a trend of global construction industry.

This diploma thesis deals with problematics of tram tracks with vegetation cover. The research part of the work contains the overview of currently used systems of green tram tracks in Europe and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to sustainability of a vegetation cover. 3 different variations of a green tram track at a particular location in Brno at Nové Sady street are compared in the second part of the thesis. The low maintenance vegetation and intesively planted vegetation are compared from both financial and ecological points of view. Life cycle costs analysis and multicriterial analysis were used for the comparison.

Energy efficiency of the building sector is a key strategy to achieve national climate goals in Sweden and other European countries. In this thesis, several renovation scenarios for a case study office building in Sweden are analysed and compared based on their energy performance, environmental impacts, and economic costs from a life cycle perspective. As a baseline, the case study building was simulated in IDA ICE and compared with the simulated renovation scenarios. For the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and the Life Cycle Costs (LCC), the commercially available software OneClickLCA was used. The renovation scenarios were carried out over three rounds: (i) material type scenarios where five insulation materials (glass wool, rock wool, hemp fiber, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)) and two frame materials (wood and steel) are compared; (ii) insulation thickness optimization from economic and environmental performance perspectives (iii) comparison of combination with other typical renovation measures such as changing of windows, improving specific fan power, heat exchanger efficiencies, and lightings. The results show that glass wool gives the most economical and environmental performance, followed by rock wool and EPS. When considering other environmental indicators, hemp fiber presents the best environmental option. However, it is not competitive with traditional insulation materials from an economic perspective. The insulation thickness scenarios show different optimal economic and environmental performance points, giving total energy savings of 5 % and 9,5 %, respectively. When considering other typical energy efficiency measures, the highest impact on the energy performance was found when improving the specific fan power (SFP) and switching to LED lights with total electricity reductions (including user-based electricity consumption) of 4 % and 14 %, respectively. Conclusively, the case study showed how the electricity and heating demand of the studied office building could be reduced, and the environmental and economic consequences of the different energy-efficiency measures.

This thesis evaluates the environmental, economic, and social impacts of implementing secondary wood from recycling centers into wood crafts in Stockholm schools. The thesis is conducted in a case study setting as a part of the "Climate Neutral Stockholm 2030" sub-project 3.2, which focuses on promoting reuse and waste reduction through circularity. A comparative consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) within a cradle-to-gate system boundary was conducted in a scenario setting, which compared and quantified the use of virgin wood and secondary wood both environmentally and economically. The environmental profile was quantified for four impact categories: global warming potential (GWP), water use, land use, and cumulative energy demand (CED). Additionally, the social implications of incorporating secondary wood were examined through a survey and interviews with the wood craft teacher and students. Furthermore, the LCA and LCC were conducted with a functional unit (FU) of 0,00106 m3 of wood demand per student. The impacts were aggregated to understand the combined effect of all schools in Stockholm, from grades 3 to 9. The study's results verify that secondary wood is more environmentally and economically beneficial while also being positively perceived by the teacher and students. The environmental findings indicate a total yearly reduction in GWP by 78%, water use by 82%, land use by 99%, and CED by 90% for all schools in Stockholm. From an economic perspective, implementing secondary wood in craft classes leads to a significant cost saving of 81%. From a social aspect, results revealed an overall positive perception from the teacher and students. However, the quality and quantity of wood must be sufficient without excessive additional time or labor requirements. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed for both LCA and LCC results. It was observed that a percentage change in transportation distance does not significantly change the GWP results. In addition, secondary wooden boxes can become more expensive than virgin wooden boxes if transportation costs are increased by more than 54%. To support the "Climate Neutral Stockholm 2030" project, the study contributes to the city's pursuit of sustainability by showing decision makers the magnitude of impacts that can be reduced through circularity and waste reduction, therefore facilitating and motivating the implementation of a sustainable system in Stockholm. / Detta examensarbete syftar till att utvärdera de miljömässiga, ekonomiska och sociala effekterna av att implementera sekundärt trä, från återvinningscentraler, till träslöjden i Stockholms skolor. Examensarbetet genomförs som en fallstudie inom ramen för delprojektet 3.2 i "Klimatneutrala Stockholm 2030", som fokuserar på främjande av återanvändning och avfallshantering genom cirkularitet. En jämförande konsekvensbaserad livscykelanalys (LCA) och analys av livscykelkostnader (LCC) inom en “vagga-till-port" systemavgränsning genomfördes. Där användningen av nytt trä och sekundärträ jämfördes och kvantifierades både ur miljömässig och ekonomisk synvinkel. Den miljömässiga profilen kvantifierades för fyra effektkategorier: global uppvärmningspotential, vattenanvändning, markanvändning och kumulativ energiförbrukning. Dessutom undersöktes de sociala uppfattningarna av att införa sekundärt trä i skolorna genom en enkät och intervjuer med både eleverna och träslöjdsläraren. En LCA och LCC genomfördes med en funktionell enhet på 0,00106 m3 virkesbehov per elev. Effekterna sammanställdes för att förstå den kombinerade effekten av alla skolor i Stockholm, från årskurs 3 till 9. Resultaten av studien bekräftar att sekundärt trä är mer fördelaktigt både ur miljö- och ekonomisk synvinkel, samtidigt som det uppfattas positivt av läraren och eleverna. De miljömässiga resultaten visar en total årlig minskning av GWP med 78%, vattenanvändning med 82%, markanvändning med 99% och CED med 90% för alla skolor i Stockholm. Ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv leder implementeringen av sekundärträ i träslöjden till betydande kostnadsbesparingar på 81%. Från en social aspekt visade resultaten en övergripande positiv uppfattning från både läraren och eleverna. Det är dock avgörande att kvaliteten och mängden trä är tillräcklig utan extra tid eller arbetsinsatser. Dessutom utfördes en känslighetsanalys för både LCA- och LCC-resultaten. Det observerades att en procentuell förändring i transportavståndet inte har en betydande effekt på GWP-resultaten. Däremot, kan en trälåda av sekundärt trä bli dyrare än en med nytt trä, om transportkostnaderna ökar med mer än 54%. För att stödja projektet "Klimatneutralt Stockholm 2030" bidrar denna studie till stadens strävan ett uppnå hållbarhet genom att visa beslutsfattare hur stor påverkan som kan uppnås genom cirkularitet och avfallsminskning. Den grunden kan underlätta och motivera implementeringen av ett hållbart system i Stockholm.