CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente dissertaÃÃo investiga a relaÃÃo entre fatores extralingÃÃsticos (sexo, idade e registro) e a sÃnclise pronominal no PORCUFORT. A partir da anÃlise desse corpus foi constatado que tais fatores em nada influenciam o comportamento dos substantivos clÃticos. à tambÃm preocupaÃÃo desse trabalho fazer uma revisÃo das diversas opiniÃes de importantes estudiosos sobre os traÃos que marcam um grupo especÃfico de vocÃbulos denominado pelos gramÃticos tradicionais e por vÃrios lingÃistas de pronome. Procuramos analisar um bom nÃmero de opiniÃes para vermos em que medida se caracteriza a classe pronominal em especial a dos chamados pronomes pessoais. Ponto a objetar à a utilizaÃÃo da dÃixis como marca pronominal, isto Ã, considerar que todos os vocÃbulos dessa classe se comportam como sinais, entidades discursivo-pragmÃticas. ConcluÃmos ser a dÃixis insuficiente para englobar toda uma classe. Adotamos, assim, uma nova perspectiva com base em Lhorach que desfaz a idÃia de existÃncia de uma classe de pronomes autÃnoma, redistribuindo os vocÃbulos pertencentes tradicionalmente a esta em substantivo e adjetivo. Os pronomes pessoais seriam nesta abordagem, substantivos pessoais. / This dissertation investigates the relation between extra linguistic factors (sex, age and register) and the intercalation of a pronoun in a word in PORCUFORT. From this analysis of this corpus was evident that such factors do not influence the personal substantivesâ behavior. This work is also about a review of many opinions from studies about features that mark a specific group of words named pronouns by traditional grammarians and many linguists. We tried to analyze a great number of opinions to make sure in which measurement the pronominal class is characterized, especially personal pronouns. A point to emphasize is the use of deixis as a pronominal mark, that is, we consider that all the words that belong to this class works as signals, of discursive and pragmatic entities. We adopted, then, a new perspective with base in Lhorach, who undoes the idea of the existence of an autonomous class of pronouns, redistributing the terms that belongs traditionally to this class into noun and adjective. The personal pronouns would be personal substantives in this approach.

The explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies has been proposed as a means to better prepare secondary school-aged students for today's information-dense, fast-paced, fast-changing global society, and to improve the academic performance of struggling adolescent readers. This proposition of a direct and positive impact of reading comprehension strategies on reading achievement for all students has not been investigated with English language learners (ELLs) who, by definition, do not possess the same level of English language skills as their native-English speaking peers. This mixed-method study investigated linguistic, cognitive, as well as affective factors that impact adolescent ELLs' performance on a standardized state reading achievement test. The quantitative portion examined the relative contributions of second language proficiency and reading comprehension strategies to a prediction model of reading achievement in 110 ninth and tenth grade ELLs. The qualitative portion of the study involved individual interviews and was aimed at deepening the understanding of ELLs' use of strategies during the standardized reading test, while also investigating affective factors that may impact their performance on this measure of academic achievement. Quantitative findings include two statistically significant prediction models of reading achievement with reading comprehension strategies and English language proficiency as predictor variables. However, only language proficiency made a significant unique contribution to the prediction variable. Qualitative findings suggest that the participants had relatively little metacognitive awareness of their comprehension during the standardized test, had overestimated their use of reading strategies as reported on a 30-item strategy survey instrument, had concentrated on sentence-level comprehension due to unknown vocabulary, and may have been hindered by testing anxiety in being able to wholly concentrate on the task. Recommendations made for the instruction of comprehension strategies consist of the raising of metacognitive awareness through the explicit modeling of the thought processes involved in reading comprehension, including determining the meaning of unknown words.

The overall aim of the present study is to investigate syntactic variation in certain Present-day English noun phrase types including the quantifiers all, whole, both and half (e.g. a half hour vs. half an hour). More specific research questions concerns the overall frequency distribution of the variants, how they are distributed across regions and media and what linguistic factors influence the choice of variant. The study is based on corpus material comprising three newspapers from 1995 (The Independent, The New York Times and The Sydney Morning Herald) and two spoken corpora (the dialogue component of the BNC and the Longman Spoken American Corpus). The book presents a number of previously not discussed issues with respect to all, whole, both and half. The study of distribution shows that one form often predominated greatly over the other(s) and that there were several cases of regional variation. A number of linguistic factors further seem to be involved for each of the variables analysed, such as the syntactic function of the noun phrase and the presence of certain elements in the NP or its near co-text. For each of the variables, all factors were ranked according to their strength of correlation with particular variants. The study also discusses a possible grammaticalisation process concerning NPs with half and the possibility of all sometimes having another function than expressing totality: to express large quantity. The whole idea of grammatical synonymy has been questioned by some scholars, but the conclusion drawn in the present study is that there are variables that are at least very close to each other in meaning, and that a number of linguistic and non-linguistic factors influence our choices of variant. A great deal of the information obtained was too detailed to be useful for pedagogical purposes, but in several cases the results could clearly be used to improve school and reference grammars.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 579925 bytes, checksum: 8fd8e9523ce46237ba5ccd88da11c49e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This current work investigates the elision‟s sociolinguistic behavior upon the João Pessoa native dialect. Elision is one of sandhi‟s extern vocalic phenomenon observed through all languages and it means fading the low vowel /a/ when it is followed by a different vowel. (ex.: menina humilde> meninumilde). This process analyses is through the theorical-methodological scope that the Quantitative Sociolinguistics comprehends. On the construction of this work it has been used a corpus of spoken language that integrates the Projeto de Variação Lingüística do Estado da Paraíba VALPB (Linguistic Variation Project of Paraíba State), composed by eighteen informers, divided by sex (masculine and feminine), age range (teenagers, adults, elders) and academic time spent (none, five to eight years and more than eleven years). The results found show that the linguistic constraints sise of the first word from a sentence, stress, prosodic constituents, vowel‟s quality present themselves as the most relevant on the elision appliance, therefore, reveling themselves as a process without great social determinants. / Este trabalho analisa o comportamento sociolingüístico da elisão no dialeto pessoense. A elisão é um dos fenômenos de sândi vocálico externo observado nas línguas e consiste no apagamento da vogal baixa /a/ quando esta for seguida de uma vogal diferente (ex.: menina humilde> meninumilde). A análise deste processo está fundamentada no modelo teórico-metodológico que compreende a Sociolingüística Quantitativa. Para a realização da pesquisa, foi utilizado um corpus de língua falada, que integra o Projeto de Variação Lingüística do Estado da Paraíba (VALPB), composto por dezoito informantes, estratificados de acordo com o sexo (masculino e feminino), a faixa etária (jovens, adultos e idosos) e anos de escolarização (nenhum ano, cinco a oito anos e mais de onze anos). Os resultados obtidos mostram que as restrições lingüísticas extensão da primeira palavra da seqüência, acento, tipo de palavra, constituintes prosódicos e qualidade da vogal apresentam-se como as mais relevantes à aplicação da elisão, revelando-se, portanto, como um processo sem grandes determinantes sociais.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-13T18:53:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marian dos Santos Oliveira.pdf: 793173 bytes, checksum: 0de70a683216a076d3fb18b37307e8b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T17:32:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Marian dos Santos Oliveira.pdf: 793173 bytes, checksum: 0de70a683216a076d3fb18b37307e8b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T17:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marian dos Santos Oliveira.pdf: 793173 bytes, checksum: 0de70a683216a076d3fb18b37307e8b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Nesta dissertação, apresenta-se o estudo da concordância verbal (CV) de terceira pessoa do plural (P6), em Vitória da Conquista - BA. A pesquisa, conduzida com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria Variacionista Laboviana, partiu de um corpus composto de trinta e dois (32) inquéritos de informantes, dessa localidade. Esses inquéritos, resultantes de coleta de fala espontânea através de entrevistas individuais, foram transcritos, e posteriormente fez-se levantamento e codificação de cem (100) ocorrências, que totalizaram três mil e duzentos (3.200) dados para a análise, que partiu da hipótese de que nessa comunidade, a concordância em P6 é uma regra variável, regida por fatores de ordem lingüística e social. Para a verificação dos fatores lingüísticos condicionantes no uso da regra em questão, consideraramse: a constituição do SN sujeito, a realização, posição e distância do sujeito na oração, o traço semântico do sujeito, o tipo, o tempo e a conjugação verbais, além da saliência fônica. Quanto à avaliação da influência de fatores sociais sobre a regra em análise, consideraram-se o sexo dos informantes, três faixas etárias e três níveis de escolaridade. Após a coleta e transcrição dos dados, os passos seguintes consistiram em codificação e análise dos grupos de fatores previamente definidos, para submetê-los à quantificação no software VARBRUL. A fim de se resolver os problemas de knowckouts técnicos, houve uma divisão dos grupos nas rodadas, por isso a análise engloba todos os fatores, mas estes aparecem em dois momentos ? variáveis lingüísticas primeira instância que engloba a saliência fônica, a realização, posição e distância do sujeito na oração, a constituição do SN sujeito e o traço semântico do sujeito e variáveis lingüísticas segunda instância que envolve o tempo, o tipo e a conjugações verbais. A última parte da análise traz os resultados dos fatores sociais. O resultado da análise evidenciou um contexto de variação estável na comunidade, com percentuais de 49% para / Ø / e de 51% para / N / em P6. Os grupos lingüístico e extralingüístico, saliência fônica e escolaridade, respectivamente, foram os de maior relevância para os resultados encontrados. / Salvador

COELHO, Tatiana Maria Silva. A sínclise dos substantivos pessoais átonos no português oral culto de Fortaleza: aspectos sociolinguísticos. 2003. 98f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2003. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-19T13:39:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_tmscoelho.pdf: 420647 bytes, checksum: 8695c74bc5781062615ec6587ce35166 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-19T16:28:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_tmscoelho.pdf: 420647 bytes, checksum: 8695c74bc5781062615ec6587ce35166 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-19T16:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_tmscoelho.pdf: 420647 bytes, checksum: 8695c74bc5781062615ec6587ce35166 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / This dissertation investigates the relation between extra linguistic factors (sex, age and register) and the intercalation of a pronoun in a word in PORCUFORT. From this analysis of this corpus was evident that such factors do not influence the personal substantives’ behavior. This work is also about a review of many opinions from studies about features that mark a specific group of words named pronouns by traditional grammarians and many linguists. We tried to analyze a great number of opinions to make sure in which measurement the pronominal class is characterized, especially personal pronouns. A point to emphasize is the use of deixis as a pronominal mark, that is, we consider that all the words that belong to this class works as signals, of discursive and pragmatic entities. We adopted, then, a new perspective with base in Lhorach, who undoes the idea of the existence of an autonomous class of pronouns, redistributing the terms that belongs traditionally to this class into noun and adjective. The personal pronouns would be personal substantives in this approach. / A presente dissertação investiga a relação entre fatores extralingüísticos (sexo, idade e registro) e a sínclise pronominal no PORCUFORT. A partir da análise desse corpus foi constatado que tais fatores em nada influenciam o comportamento dos substantivos clíticos. É também preocupação desse trabalho fazer uma revisão das diversas opiniões de importantes estudiosos sobre os traços que marcam um grupo específico de vocábulos denominado pelos gramáticos tradicionais e por vários lingüistas de pronome. Procuramos analisar um bom número de opiniões para vermos em que medida se caracteriza a classe pronominal em especial a dos chamados pronomes pessoais. Ponto a objetar é a utilização da dêixis como marca pronominal, isto é, considerar que todos os vocábulos dessa classe se comportam como sinais, entidades discursivo-pragmáticas. Concluímos ser a dêixis insuficiente para englobar toda uma classe. Adotamos, assim, uma nova perspectiva com base em Lhorach que desfaz a idéia de existência de uma classe de pronomes autônoma, redistribuindo os vocábulos pertencentes tradicionalmente a esta em substantivo e adjetivo. Os pronomes pessoais seriam nesta abordagem, substantivos pessoais.

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<p>This work consists of two parts: the theoretical and the experimental. In the theoretical part, some general and some language specific theories of tense, aspect and aktionsart are presented, and the temporal systems of Swedish and Polish are compared. </p><p>The theoretical part is not a mere review of the literature on the subject. The comparison of the descriptions of aspect and aktionsart by Slavic researchers with the universal theory of Smith (1991) and (1977) and with description of aktionsart in Swedish in Teleman et al. (1999) has allowed me for some important observations as to the nature of the long-lasting dispute about the differences between aspect and aktionsart.</p><p>The experimental part is a cross-sectional study on the role of the linguistic context on the acquisition of the pluperfect by Polish learners Swedish as a foreign language. The informants are university students studying Swedish as a foreign language. The language samples were collected by means of two types of tests: gap-filling and translation from Polish. </p><p>Twelve linguistic factors, each divided into two subgroups, were hypothesised to have affected the correct use of the pluperfect. All those hypotheses as to which of the subgroups may inhibit and which may facilitate the correct use of the pluperfect are grounded in linguistic theories, i.e. presented in the form of linguistically-based discussions as to what kind of effect, facilitative or inhibiting, each of the linguistic factors may have had, and why. </p><p>The effect of those factors upon the correct use of the pluperfect has been tested by means of a step-wise multiple regression which measured the simultaneous effect of each factor upon the correct use of the pluperfect. This method has confirmed the facilitative effect of the following six linguistic factors: intrasentential indication of topic time (subordinate clause), unbounded verb indicating topic time, agentive meaning of the target verb, specifying subordinate clause, statal pluperfect and location of the time of action of pluperfect clause outside the temporal frame of narrative plot.</p>

This work consists of two parts: the theoretical and the experimental. In the theoretical part, some general and some language specific theories of tense, aspect and aktionsart are presented, and the temporal systems of Swedish and Polish are compared. The theoretical part is not a mere review of the literature on the subject. The comparison of the descriptions of aspect and aktionsart by Slavic researchers with the universal theory of Smith (1991) and (1977) and with description of aktionsart in Swedish in Teleman et al. (1999) has allowed me for some important observations as to the nature of the long-lasting dispute about the differences between aspect and aktionsart. The experimental part is a cross-sectional study on the role of the linguistic context on the acquisition of the pluperfect by Polish learners Swedish as a foreign language. The informants are university students studying Swedish as a foreign language. The language samples were collected by means of two types of tests: gap-filling and translation from Polish. Twelve linguistic factors, each divided into two subgroups, were hypothesised to have affected the correct use of the pluperfect. All those hypotheses as to which of the subgroups may inhibit and which may facilitate the correct use of the pluperfect are grounded in linguistic theories, i.e. presented in the form of linguistically-based discussions as to what kind of effect, facilitative or inhibiting, each of the linguistic factors may have had, and why. The effect of those factors upon the correct use of the pluperfect has been tested by means of a step-wise multiple regression which measured the simultaneous effect of each factor upon the correct use of the pluperfect. This method has confirmed the facilitative effect of the following six linguistic factors: intrasentential indication of topic time (subordinate clause), unbounded verb indicating topic time, agentive meaning of the target verb, specifying subordinate clause, statal pluperfect and location of the time of action of pluperfect clause outside the temporal frame of narrative plot.

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