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A living room is defined in terms of place theory (Canter, 1977a): a relationship between actions, conceptions, and physical attributes of the setting. A new term "anti-living room" is created to highlight the importance of a subject's decision in the use of the living room. A "multiple use" of the living room, which is an antithesis of place theory, is tested against the empirical data collected between two different cultures. The paradigms of Tao are introduced to highlight the cultural differences in the pattern of use of living rooms. The English living room is hypothesised to be predominantly yang (B) (rational), whereas the Japanese living room being predominantly yin (B) (intuitive). Attempts are made to relate the I Ching to facet theory, both dealing with the complexity of "real life" issues. In order to understand the "entire phenomenon" of a living room, and to accommodate the "multidimensional nature" of experiences in a living room, facet theory and its associated multidimensional scaling procedures (SSA-1, MSA-1 and POSA) have been applied in this study. A facet theory postulates a priori definitions (mapping sentences) of the pattern of use of living rooms. MDS procedures try to reveal the underlying structures of the data. Thus it is possible to compare findings within similar living rooms and between different living rooms of different cultures when a facet approach is taken. A cross-cultural study is presented of patterns of behaviour, furniture possessed and attitudes towards living rooms in 115 homes in Guildford (England) and a comparable social sample of 145 households in Oyama (Japan), reveals that the Japanese engage in a wider range of activities in the Japanese living room (yin action - synthesis). In the English living room the English are likely to specialize its use, namely, relaxing and entertaining (yang action - analysis). In the field of man's relationship with his living room, the type of approach which might be termed intuitive speculation seems to be lost in a world devoted to the supposedly more scientific approach of objective analysis. As Alan Watts (1970) has speculated, this emphasis on the so-called objective may indeed be a handicap for Western man, for it enables him to retain his belief in the separateness of the ego from all that surrounds it. Although certain objective facts have been presented in this thesis, it is hoped by the author that its overall message is clear: allow yourself to be open to the consideration of relationships other than those that can be proved or disproved by scientific method, for it may well be in these that a deeper truth lies. Chapter 1 defines a living room in English and Japanese houses and briefly outlines the structure and aims of the thesis. Chapter 2 introduces the concept of space in the East and the West and discusses the living room in a cross-cultural context. Chapter 3 reviews the existing research on living rooms. Chapter 4 describes the research instruments and the selection of samples and introduces facet theory and its associated multivariate statistics. Chapter 5 analyses the structure of the pattern of living room activities. Chapter 6 analyses the structure of the use of living room furniture. Chapter 7 analyses the structure of satisfaction with living rooms. Chapter 8 develops a typology of families and relates it to living room activities. Chapter 9 develops a typology of physical properties of living rooms and relates it to living room activities. Chapter 10 discusses the implications of the research.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gigliese Aparecida Mendes.pdf: 4723690 bytes, checksum: d639f235c11f238d999f62cf269496c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-22 / The modernist architecture is strongly presented in the urban scenery of Irati-PR. Such movement arrived to this town from 1950`s, what indicates a certain temporal delay, considering that this movement was booming in 1920`s in large urban centers. The base of this research is the dialectic relationship between local and global scales, in order to show the ways that a globalized movement wields local influence, mixing to individuals` life and establishing a ‘glocal’ culture. The focus of this research is the modernist ‘living space’ in which are analyzed twelve single-familiy residences built from 1950’s to 1970’s, that was projected by Eduardo Posfaldo, a local professional that strongly presented lecorbusioan influence. In these are observed modernist architectonic elements, such as pans de verre, platibands and pilotis. The “living machine”, that was largely discussed in the modernist movement, has its space linked to practicality, and the beauty of its frontages is allied to the functionality of the interior rooms. Based on the analysis of these habitations, it is possible to establish that they follow a pattern in the distribution of the intern spaces, privileging the private spaces followed by the social ones. Furthermore, it was found singularities in the modernist architecture of Irati-Pr, such as the use of wood in frontage details, and the presence of integrated “professional spaces” in some cases. / A arquitetura modernista mostra-se bastante presente na paisagem urbana de Irati – PR. Tal movimento chegou à cidade a partir da década de 1950, ou seja, com um certo atraso temporal, tendo em vista que estava em alta na década de 1920 nos grandes centros urbanos. O eixo condutor da pesquisa é a dialética existente entre as escalas global e local, na tentativa de mostrar de que maneira um movimento globalizado exerce influência local, mesclando-se à vida dos indivíduos e estabelecendo uma cultura ‘glocal’. O foco da pesquisa é o ‘espaço de morar’ modernista, onde analisa-se doze residências unifamiliares, construídas entre as décadas de 1950 a 1970, projetadas por Eduardo Posfaldo, profissional local que detinha forte influência corbusierana. Nestas são observados elementos arquitetônicos característicos do modernismo, como os pans de verre, platibandas e pilotis. A ‘máquina de morar’, tão debatida durante o movimento modernista, tem seu espaço ligado à praticidade, de forma que a beleza das fachadas se alia à funcionalidade dos cômodos internos. A partir da análise destas habitações, constata-se que estas seguem um padrão na distribuição dos espaços internos, privilegiando-se os espaços íntimos seguidos dos espaços sociais. Além disso, são encontradas singularidades na arquitetura modernista de Irati - PR, como a utilização da madeira em detalhes nas fachadas e a presença de 'espaço profissional' integrado, em alguns casos.

This research entails a close analysis of the contemporary home environment. The study of the home environment and the relationship between domestic spaces and residents is a noteworthy trend in design studies. This opens up the possibility of investigating gender influence on interior design. This study focuses on the role of women in designing living spaces’ interiors, to unveil the women's role and participation in their home environment. The main focus of this study is the design role of women in family living rooms, particularly in the context of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The study articulates how women leave identity footprints on the space they have designed and used. My research indicates that the interior design of any space is more complex than simply shaping the use of space; it also reinforces the woman’s influence. The methodological framework has been structured into two main approaches: a case study approach, which involved in-depth case studies of living spaces, and an ethnographical approach, which involved in-depth interviews with middle-class housewives in their living rooms. The latter approach aimed to seek information about experiences, performances, interactions and values in the home environment, and enables identity presentation in the family living room. In addition, associated methods, such as photographic and video records, coding the living space features and visual observation of the living room were used to document every detail of the living space, to enrich data collection and unpack the environmental meanings. These mixed methods helped to understand the reality of women’s home experiences and provide a compelling portrait of women’s roles and identities within their living spaces. The main theoretical paradigms are Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity and Erving Goffman’s work on the presentation of self in social interaction, to investigate the gender roles and types of performance in the domestic living rooms. The practice of structuring the living room, furnishing and decorating the space interiors and the spatial arrangement illustrate the different circumstances in which women play their roles and have influence in distinct ways in the living rooms’ contexts. How Saudi women use the living space for their private activities and social relationships is examined, to investigate the presentation of Saudi women’s identity and position in the home and beyond. This research has explored Saudi women’s performativity through their design experience and everyday engagement with the interior space and objects within their domestic living rooms; these performances represent their priorities in various roles through which social visibility is assumed. This research has established a new understanding of what goes on behind the closed doors of Jeddah homes. It has been found that Saudi housewives (with no formal interior design education or qualifications) dominate the design of domestic interiors. A new group of designers has been identified, who need to be recognised and acknowledged. In this research context, these Saudi housewives in Jeddah are amateur homemakers and interior designers, designing their home spaces and doing the job like any other professional designers. In this case, they must be acknowledged socially.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Geography has as object of analysis the relationship between society and nature and, in this context, environmental issues is strongly marked in its speech. The maps reveal a complex and valuable language for understanding the geographic space. The School Cartography, in the approach of study place, can contribute significantly to the study of environmental issues, specifically the Environmental Education, which brings out the problem: what is the extent that students of Dom Pedro I Basic State School know and identify the environmental problems in your living space? In this sense, this study has the general objective to contribute to geographical studies of School Cartography emphasizing environmental problems Quevedos / RS. To the achievement of the research problem response and to better detail the general objective, the specific objectives are defined as: to know and characterize the reality of the Dom Pedro I Basic State School, focusing on environmental education; to understand the environmental awareness of high school students, as conscious mappers, through the construction of mental maps, stimulating and awakening the creativity; to develop a digital resource for teaching and learning linked to School Cartography (hypermap) that allows a dialogue between the local environmental reality and the theoretical conceptions of environmental education; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed resource for the implementation of environmental education in place. The scientific method used was phenomenological and the approach was qualitative and descriptive. Based on the survey results, it is believed that the practices linked to local environmental understanding, as the construction of mental maps, the use of teaching materials aimed at the municipality (hypermap) and systematic reflection and written on their environmental reality, can contribute to the space understanding and temporary truths about the "world" in an articulated way, inter-relational and systemic, allowing a think more reflective and awakening the belonging feeling and the students identity. / A Geografia possui como objeto de análise a relação sociedade-natureza e, neste contexto, a temática ambiental é fortemente marcada no seu discurso. Os mapas revelam, então, uma complexa e valiosa linguagem para a compreensão do espaço geográfico. A Cartografia Escolar, sob o enfoque do estudo do lugar, pode contribuir significativamente com o estudo das questões ambientais, mais especificamente com a Educação Ambiental, o que faz emergir o problema: em que medida os alunos da Escola Estadual de Educação Básica Dom Pedro I, conhecem e identificam os problemas ambientais existentes em seu espaço vivido? Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral contribuir para estudos geográficos de Cartografia Escolar enfatizando problemas ambientais de Quevedos/RS. Para a concretização da resposta ao problema de pesquisa e para um melhor detalhamento do objetivo geral, delineou-se como objetivos específicos: conhecer e caracterizar a realidade da Escola Estadual de Educação Básica Dom Pedro I, sob o enfoque da Educação Ambiental; compreender a percepção ambiental dos alunos do Ensino Médio, como mapeadores conscientes, por meio da construção de mapas mentais, estimulando e despertando a criatividade; desenvolver um recurso digital de ensino e aprendizagem vinculado a Cartografia Escolar (Hipermapa) que permita um diálogo entre a realidade ambiental local e as concepções teóricas de Educação Ambiental; e avaliar a eficiência do recurso proposto para a concretização da Educação Ambiental no lugar. O método científico utilizado foi o fenomenológico e a forma de abordagem foi qualitativa e descritiva. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, acredita-se que as práticas vinculadas ao entendimento ambiental local, como a construção de mapas mentais, a utilização de materiais de ensino voltados ao município (Hipermapa) e a reflexão sistematizada e escrita sobre a sua realidade ambiental contribuem para o entendimento do espaço e das verdades temporárias sobre o mundo de modo articulado, inter-relacional e sistêmico, permitindo um pensar mais reflexivo e despertando o sentimento de pertencimento e de identidade dos educandos.

Main aim of the thesis is to create an outdoor living space inside of tradition housing blocks. Principles of placemaking were used during a design process. One of the main ideas is to return a water to the urban courtyard according to its history.

Les villes arabes connaissent une dynamique d’urbanisation importante et des transformations considérables touchant les formes urbaines et les caractéristiques de l’habitat. Ainsi, les centres anciens et l’habitat traditionnel subissent des dégradations importantes. La situation des villes en Syrie n’échappe pas à cette dynamique d’ensemble. Les enjeux posés par la compréhension des processus en cours sont considérables : décrire le mouvement de recomposition de la ville syrienne actuelle et saisir les logiques du remodelage de l’espace habité. Notre intention est de s’interroger sur le devenir de la médina et de l’habitat traditionnel face à une modernisation accélérée à travers l’exemple de la troisième ville de Syrie, Homs. Notre approche vise à montrer que la forme architecturale est le lieu de déploiement de pratiques sociales, de valeurs symboliques et de schémas de représentation. Les transformations qui touchent l’espace habité du centre ancien de Homs sont-elles de même nature que celles qui affectent les appartements modernes ou les maisons néo-traditionnelles ? L’habitant qui apporte des modifications à sa maison traditionnelle exprime-t-il une identité spécifique et une modernité de l’habiter aujourd’hui en Syrie ? Notre recherche propose un diagnostic, une analyse des causes de l’évolution en cours et une démarche de sortie de crise par la redynamisation des centres anciens. Quelle patrimonialisation spécifique de l’espace domestique à Homs peut-t-on envisager ? Des orientations sont avancées pour la sauvegarde de l’espace habité traditionnel et l’élaboration d’une nouvelle pensée qui redéfinit autrement le contenu et le sens des nouveaux programmes d’habitat. / Arab cities are experiencing dramatic urbanization along with major transformations impacting on urban structures and patterns, as well as on the nature of housing and its charactéristics. So ancient city centres and traditional housing are deteriorating considerably. The situation in Syrian towns and cities is no exception to this overall trend. Understanding such ongoing processes raises important issues : describe the current re-restructuring of Syrian towns and grasp the forces that are reshaping their neighbourhoods and the living space within them. We reflect on the evolution of the medina and of traditional housing areas in the face of accelerated modernization through the third largest city in Syria, Homs. Our approach seeks toshow that architectural forms constitute a matrix where social practices, symbolic values and representation patterns are deployed. Are the modifications impacting the dwellings of the ancient centre of Homs of the same nature as those affecting modern flats or neo-traditional houses ? Does the inhabitant who modifies his traditional house express a specific identity and a new modern way of life in Syria today ? Our research offers a diagnosis an analysis of ongoing changes and an approach to find a way out of the current crisis by revitalising ancient centres. What specific heritage enhancement can be considered in the domestic sphere of the city of Homs ? Several guidelines are suggested to protect traditional living spaces and initiate a new way of defining the content as well as the meaning of urban habitat programs.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariluciSS.pdf: 2759550 bytes, checksum: fbdacf5e40d428485a9415374f1c8754 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The current paper aims to check the environmental population perception of the two east side districts of Natal / RN (Rocas and Petr?polis) on its afforestation. The issues related to the environmental perception and afforestation of cities are gaining prominence in the many different areas of knowledge. However, the approaches and methodologies that are following an analytical perspective that by the rule aimed an policy of spatial planning not always responds to the aspirations and needs of the urban population. The research has been consisted of a preliminary survey, collecting data through the representative population of the neighborhoods in Petr?polis and Rocas, which were applied 210 forms (with the households), 130 in the neighborhood of Rocas and 80 in Petr?polis, which corresponds to 5% of the total households of the two districts, using as indicators, among many others, the income, the level of education and the environmental characteristics of the neighborhood. Through analysis sample was possible to verify that Petr?polis neighborhood that, 68% of interviewee believes their lives in the neighborhood where good and only 2% consider bad, in Rocas neighborhood, 57% considered life in his neighborhood good and only 5% consider bad. When asked about the main characteristics that remind the neighborhood Petr?polis, 90% of residents mentioned that one of its main advantages are the means of transport available, followed by 82% who quoted the ventilation as one of the main benefits of the neighborhood. In Rocas neighborhood, items mentioned by residents, were the ventilation with 47% of all interviewee and 32% said that peace is one of the most positive point of the neighborhood. From the description of some of the environmental needs of the neighborhoods Petr?polis and Rocas, it is possible to infer that environmental issues in general, and afforestation are always present in the speech of the residents, even indirect way, it shows that regardless of the education degree or the income, environmental quality is present as one of the basic needs of urban areas with implications both in the personal and social life as of its inhabitants. / O Presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a percep??o ambiental da popula??o de dois bairros da zona leste de Natal/RN (Rocas e Petr?polis) em rela??o a sua arboriza??o. As quest?es relacionados ? percep??o ambiental e a arboriza??o das cidades v?m ganhando destaque nas mais diversas ?reas do conhecimento. Contudo, as abordagens e as metodologias que os acompanham est?o impregnadas de uma perspectiva anal?tica que ,via de regra, visa a uma pol?tica de ordenamento espacial que nem sempre vai ao encontro dos anseios e das necessidades da popula??o urbana. A pesquisa foi constitu?da de um levantamento preliminar atrav?s da coleta de dados junto ? popula??o representativa dos bairros Petr?polis e Rocas, onde foram aplicados 210 formul?rios (com o respons?vel pelos domic?lios), sendo 130 no bairro das Rocas e 80 no bairro Petr?polis, o que corresponde a 5% do total de resid?ncias desses dois bairros, tendo por indicadores, dentre outros, a renda, o grau de escolaridade e as caracter?sticas ambientais do bairro. Atrav?s da an?lise amostral foi poss?vel verificar, que no que se refere ao bairro Petr?polis, 68% dos entrevistados consideram a vida no bairro em que moram boa e apenas 2 % a consideram p?ssima. J? no bairro das Rocas, 57% consideram a vida no seu bairro boa e apenas 5% a consideram ruim. Quando questionados sobre as principais caracter?sticas que lembravam o bairro Petr?polis 90% dos moradores mencionaram que uma das suas principais vantagens s?o os meios de transportes dispon?vel, seguidos de 82 % que mencionaram a ventila??o como sendo um dos principais benef?cios do bairro. No bairro das Rocas, os itens mencionados pelos moradores com maior freq??ncia, foram a ventila??o, com 47 % do total de entrevistados e 32 % disseram que a tranq?ilidade ? um dos pontos mais positivos do bairro. A partir da descri??o de algumas das necessidades ambientais dos bairros Petr?polis e Rocas, ? poss?vel inferir que as quest?es ambientais, de maneira geral, e a arboriza??o est?o sempre presentes na fala dos moradores, mesmo de forma indireta, isso demonstra que independente do grau de escolaridade ou da renda a qualidade ambiental se faz presente como uma das necessidades b?sicas do meio urbano com implica??es tanto na vida pessoal quanto social dos seus habitantes.

I strävan efter att människor ska kunna bo hållbart krävs ett vidare perspektiv än de teknologiska lösningar som presenteras i enlighet med en ekologisk modernisering. Oexploaterade ytor att ta i anspråk på planeten minskar ständigt och ger därför motiv för studien att ta reda på vilka preferenser som finns för den egna bostaden, hur stor boyta de boende faktiskt önskar och hur de kopplar ihop sin boyta med dess miljöpåverkan. Resultatet visar att de tillfrågade värderar bostadens läge i förhållande till deras jobb, service och social kontext samt sociala ytor och boendet som en privat sfär. En lagom och samtidigt idealisk boyta uppgår till cirka 40-50 kvadratmeter per vuxen person. Samtliga kopplar sin boyta till någon form av miljöpåverkan, men energiaspekter i användningsfasen är det som genomsyrar det sammantagna svaret. Vidare perspektiv som markbrist och materialåtgång beskrivs mer begränsat. Förhoppningen med studien är att ge underlag för ett mer utbrett arbete för att bemöta de boendes behov och ta boytan i beaktande vid framtida planering av bostäder. / In the pursuit of sustainable housing, a wider perspective than the technological solutions presented in accordance with an ecological modernization is required. Unexploited areas to use on the planet decreases constantly and therefore gives motives for the study to find out what preferences exist for one's own accomodation, how much living space the residents actually want and how they connect their living space with its environmental impact. The results show that the individuals value the location in relation to jobs, service and social context together with social areas and housing as a private sphere. An adequate and at the same time an ideal living area is considered to approximately 40-50 square meters per adult. All of them link their living space to some kind of environmental impact, but energy aspects in the use phase are what permeate the overall answer. Further perspectives such as land scarcity and material use are described more limited. The study hopes to provide a basis for more widespread work to meet the needs of the residents and to take the living space into consideration when planning future housing.

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux enjeux de l’habitat de demain de la génération des baby-boomers, tout particulièrement ceux nés entre 1945 et 1953, qui arrivent aujourd’hui à la retraite. C’est au carrefour de la vision de ce que signifie habiter selon des auteurs comme Benoit Goetz ( 2011), des philosophes comme Heidegger (1958), Bachelard (1957), Benjamin (1955), Büber (1962) ou encore Deleuze (1980) d’une part, soulignant les facteurs de porosité et les liens aux autres, et d’autre part les caractéristiques des baby-boomers telles que présentées par Jean François Sirinelli (2003) et Josée Garceau (2012), que se situe la recherche. Cette génération informée entend rester active et pratique des « adeptions » qui influencent par les gestes un savoir habiter et par là son habitat. L’étude de terrain a sondé les aspirations des baby-boomers en ce qui concerne leur choix résidentiel pour l’avenir, pour comprendre sur quelles valeurs et vers quels buts leur projet se construit. Le choix de méthodologies qualitatives s’appuie sur le visionnement préalable d’un film récent : Et si on vivait tous ensemble. Des entretiens semi-dirigés, auprès de cinq baby-boomers, de 60 à 65 ans, effectués en deux phases avec verbatim approuvés,étaient basés sur trois thèmes : la mémoire, l’adeption et le projet. Entre autres résultats, sont confirmés avec variantes, plusieurs concepts théoriques, comme ceux de porosité et d’ouverture par la fenêtre à la fois physique et virtuelle, mais soulignent le spectre de la maison de retraite et des préoccupations financières concernant l’avenir d’un habitat nécessairement autonome. Cette génération imprégnée par le monde technologique veut avoir accès à tout ce que propose la modernité sans pour autant perdre le sens de l’historicité de leur vie. Nés dans un monde en bouillonnement, les baby-boomers ont réinventé chaque étape de leur existence, ce qui laisse préfigurer que cette génération s’apprête à réinventer la retraite et ses sites domiciliaires. Aussi l’approche design devra-t-elle complètement se renouveler pour ces nouveaux usagers. / This study is about the stakes of how the baby boomer generation, in particular those born between 1945 and 1954 who are currently retiring, will deal with their living spaces. I shall take into account the multiple visions of Benoit Goetz (2011), Heidegger (1958), Bachelard (1957), Benjamin (1955), Büber (1962) and Deleuze (1980) who analyze what it means to live in a given living space. Indeed not only must porosity factors and increasing relations between beings be analyzed but also the characteristics of these baby boomers themselves with regards to who they are as Jean Francois Sirinelli (2003) and Josée Garceau (2012) have done. This new generation of baby boomers hopes to remain active and in order to do so seeks to adapt and influence their living spaces as well as their conceptualizations of what it means to “live”. This current study has asked baby boomers what their visions are for their future residential choices in order to grasp on what values and for what goals their project is based on,. This was done by having five baby boomer between the age of 60-65 to watch the movie Et si on vivait tous ensemble. Afterwards, semi-directed interviews, based on their memory of the movie, what adaptions they foresee in addition to how they see their future, were conducted in two different phases with approved verbatim. The findings were then compared and confirmed with different theoretical frameworks such as porosity and opening of a physical and virtual window. At the same time, retirement homes and the financial considerations behind an aging population were taken into account. This generation, immersed in technology wants to have access to such modern technology without losing the feeling of controlling their lives and story. Born in an innovation and changing time, they have already proven capable of changing and reinventing each stage of their life. This, therefore, leaves us to believe that they will do the same with their vision of retirement and living spaces. Hence, tomorrow’s design models will have to renew itself for its new users.