O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade do lenho das árvores de Cariniana legalis submetidas a diferentes espaçamentos (3x1,5; 3x2; 3x2,5 m). O experimento localiza-se na Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio-SP, do Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionadas 30 árvores de jequitibá rosa (10 árvores/tratamento) e seccionados discos na base, DAP e a cada 5m do tronco até a altura comercial das árvores. Foram realizadas as análises (i) anatômicas, com a descrição macro e microscópica do lenho com ênfase aos anéis de crescimento e (ii) dendrocronológicas, para a comprovação da anuidade da formação dos anéis de crescimento; (iii) densitometria de raios X, para obtenção do perfil longitudinal - radial de densidade aparente do lenho e imagem digital do lenho; (iv) dendroclimatologia, para verificar a influência dos fatores climáticos, como a precipitação e temperatura na formação dos anéis de crescimento e da (v) influência do espaçamento no crescimento radial acumulado/médio anual do tronco e no volume das árvores/ha. Os resultados indicaram que as árvores de C. legalis apresentam anéis de crescimento distintos, com a dendrocronologia confirmando a idade das árvores (38 anos) e a anuidade da formação dos anéis de crescimento. A densidade aparente do lenho decresce da base até a região intermediária, tendendo a aumentar próximo ao topo do tronco das árvores, com o maior valor no maior e menor espaçamento. As imagens digitais do lenho indicaram um decréscimo da densidade aparente do lenho no sentido medula - casca. Nos três espaçamentos, a análise dendroclimatológica indicou uma influência significativa das variáveis climáticas no crescimento radial do tronco das árvores de Cariniana legalis. Os meses do ano que influenciaram o crescimento radial do tronco das árvores foram distintos entre os tratamentos sendo que, entretanto, verifica-se um padrão de crescimento do tronco semelhante e relacionado com a precipitação mensal acumulada. O espaçamento entre árvores influenciou diretamente no ritmo de crescimento do tronco das árvores, sendo que as do maior espaçamento apresentaram a maior produção volumétrica do lenho, e as do menor espaçamento, o maior volume de madeira/ha. Conclui-se que a área do espaço vital (espaçamento) influencia significativamente o desenvolvimento das árvores de Cariniana legalis. / The present study aims to assess growth and wood quality of Cariniana legalis trees in forest plantations under different espacements (1.5x3, 3x2, 3x2.5 m). The experiment is located in Luiz Antônio, São Paulo, at the Experimental Station belonging to the Forest Institute of São Paulo. It was selected 30 trees of \"jequitibá rosa\" (10 per treatment) and sectioned discs were removed at the base, DBH and every 5m to commercial height. With these samples 5 different analyzis were performed: (i) anatomical, by means of wood macroscopic and microscopic description with a view to growth rings, (ii) dendrochronological, to prove growth rings annuality; (iii) X-ray densitometry and digital X-rays to obtain the radial density profile in the longitudinal and radial direction; (iv) dendroclimatological, for checking the influence of climatic factors (monthly precipitation and average annual temperature) in growth rings formation and (v) verification of espacement influence on cumulative and annual radial growth, volume per tree and per hectare. Wood description indicates C. legalis trees have distinct growth rings. Dendrochronology confirmed annuity formation of growth rings as the number of rings found matches with the age of plantation, 38 years old. Apparent density decreases from the base to the middle region of the stem and tends to increase near the top, with higher average values in both widest and closest espacements. The analysis of digital images indicated a decrease in apparent density in pith-bark direction. Dendroclimatology indicated there was significant influence of climatic variables on radial growth of Cariniana legalis trees. The months influencing radial growth were different between treatments, however there is a similar pattern of growth related to monthly precipitation. The espacements used influenced directly the growth rate of the trees. The ones inserted in widest espacements had the highest volumetric production, on the other hand the largest volume per hectare occurred in the closest espacements. The conclusion was that size of living space influences significantly the development of C. legalis trees.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anna Paula Lombardi.pdf: 7692449 bytes, checksum: 40f81502923579eac6728b2ca46ec847 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation reflects on living spaces of disabled persons focusing on their inclusion into the Brazilian Federal Housing Programme “My house, my life” (= Minha Casa Minha Vida). The analysis is based on primary experiences during the implementation phase of the Programme in Ponta Grossa (Paraná, Brazil) in the neighbourhoods of Jardim Athenas, Jardim Roma, Jardim Gralha Azul, Jardim Boreal, and Jardim Recanto Verde. The formulation of the concept of living spaces used in this research is not reduced to the space of habitation adapted to disabled persons but also interpreted in a broader sense. Thus, subjective elements are included like dignity, family relations and relations with neighbours as well as the guarantee of basic and non-basic needs rights, both in a material and non-material sense. The principal research objective is to evaluate the habitation programme in respect to its effects on social inclusion of disabled persons. Therefore, the perception of research “subjects” has been produced via interviews with the subjects themselves. Hereby, it can be concluded that, in fact, moving to the adapted houses of the programme has caused a higher level of living standard in terms of habitation;however, due to the fact that the peripheral localization of the housing areas and its precarious conditions in respect to both material infrastructure and services, has even caused an increased socio-spatial exclusion of disabled persons. / Essa dissertação apresenta uma reflexão a respeito dos espaços de morar de pessoas com deficiência (PcD). Toma-se como referência a inclusão destes no Programa de habitação “Minha Casa Minha Vida”, política pública do governo federal. A análise se dá a partir das primeiras experiências de implementação do programa em Ponta Grossa/PR: Jardim Athenas, Jardim Roma, Jardim Gralha Azul, Jardim Boreal e Jardim Recanto Verde. A construção do conceito de espaço de morar, efetuada nesse trabalho, não se restringe ao espaço da habitação adaptada às PcD, sendo mais abrangente. Nela se propagam elementos subjetivos como dignidade, espaço de relações familiares e entre os membros circunvizinhos, bem como, garantia do direito à satisfação das necessidades básicas e não básicas, materiais e imateriais. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é avaliar se este programa de habitação vem proporcionando a efetiva inclusão socioespacial de PcD. A percepção dos “sujeitos” de pesquisa foi analisada a partir das informações provenientes de entrevistas realizadas com os mesmos. Conclui-se que a mudança para a casa adaptada proporcionou maior qualidade de vida em termos de habitação, todavia, dada a situação de precariedade de infraestrutura (equipamentos e serviços) dos conjuntos e sua localização periférica, assiste-se a uma ampliação na exclusão socioespacial destes.

Cette thèse vise la formalisation d’une géographie psycho-sociale, et aborde le rôle de la psyché et de l’espace dans l’individuation et le rapport à l’autre, à travers l’habiter à Cadaqués, commune semi-rurale touristique de la Costa Brava espagnole. Participant de la diversité immigrée locale, des non-nationaux (extra-)européens habitent aussi ce village. Une lecture trans-scalaire des évolutions spatiales et une approche biographique des expériences humaines permettent alors d’apprécier les transformations contemporaines du village dans la mondialisation, et les formes du co-habiter qui en résultent. L’analyse s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative mobilisant un terrain ethnographique avec différents résidents interviewés, des données statistiques, de la presse locale, et l’outil cartographique. Les ferments géo-historiques d’une notoriété et d’une globalité villageoises et les enjeux actuels d’une coprésence héritée, sont mis en exergue par les migrations inter/nationales. Cette étude de cas étendue interroge donc de manière distanciée, située et ordinarisée, une participation des migrants à la localité plus souvent saisie en milieu urbain sous les angles de l’ethnicisme et de l’intégrationnisme méthodologiques. Face à une augmentation du racisme, un court-termisme politique, et une démocraticité discutable des droits à habiter et à se mouvoir en Europe et en Occident, cette thèse suggère la nécessité d’une pensée prospective et utopique renouvelée, sur une socialité respectueuse et promotrice d’altérité, et sur une citoyenneté associant ancrage et mobilité. / This thesis seeks to formalize a psycho-social geography, and reviews the role of the psyche and of space in individuation and the relationship with the other by studying everyday life in Cadaqués, a semi-rural tourist village on Spain’s Costa Brava. This one has a diverse local population, given the presence of (non-)European immigrants. A transcalar interpretation of spatial changes and a biographical approach on human experience permits an assessment of contemporary transformations in this village as part of the global world and of different forms of co-habitation that emanate from this situation. This analysis is based on a qualitative survey of an ethnographic terrain, interviews with different categories of residents, statistical data, press articles, and mapping. Geohistorical catalysts of notoriety and adherence to globalization processes of the village of Cadaqués, as well as issues arising from a co-habitation between native population and visitors, are both highlighted by inter/national migrations. This extended case study takes a distanced, situated and ordinarized approach to questioning the participation of migrants in their village, a participation that is more often analysed in an urban environment from the perspective of methodological ethnicism and inclusiveness. With the rise in racism, political short-term vision and disputes over conformity to democratic principles, specifically the right to live and move around Europe and the West, this thesis demonstrates the importance of initiating a renewed prospective and utopic approach to a respectful sociality that is capable of promoting otherness and a citizenship that permits both rooting and mobility.

Cette thèse en Anthropologie filmique porte sur l’espace habité des Bédouins de Syrie, en termes d’espace humanisé, c’est-à-dire modelé et rendu utilisable par les personnes qui l’occupent. La recherche, tout à la fois anthropologique et filmique, met en œuvre pour la première fois une méthode d’enquête audiovisuelle appliquée à l’étude de l’espace habité nomade. A partir de l’observation et de l’analyse de l’habitation (tentes et abris) d’une famille bédouine syrienne vivant dans un campement aux alentours de Palmyre (Nord-Est de la Syrie), ce travail dévoile comment le mode de vie des Bédouins influence la forme et la fonction de leur habitation. Le texte est accompagné de dix films qui décrivent le campement et les différentes utilisations de l’espace. / This thesis in Visual Anthropology examines the Syrian Bedouins’ living space in terms of humanized space, i.e. built and functionally transformed by the persons living in it. The field research was anthropological, but used the camera as the main tool for investigation. For the first time, this research proposes a filmic investigation method for the study of the nomads’ dwellings. Through the observation and analysis of the habitation (tents and shelters) of a Bedouin family living in a camp near Palmyra (North-East Syria), it shows how the Bedouin way of life influences the structure and the functions of their living space. Ten films describing the camp and its different utilization complement the text.

L’adulte handicapé cérébral, comme tout être humain, développe des sentiments d’amour, et à ce titre, a droit à une vie affective, intime et sexuelle. En institution (lieu de vie), les adultes cérébrolésés sont souvent dépendants des représentations sociales qui les ont construit, de celles des soignants qui les prennent en soins ou encore de celles des aidants-aimants-accompagnants et familles qui les accompagnent. Cette recherche a tenté de cibler les noyaux centraux et les éléments périphériques de toutes ces représentations sociales, au moyen de « l’association libre » et de « cartes émotionnelles », afin d’évaluer pour tous les acteurs, les progrès possibles en matière d’acceptation et par conséquent d’accompagnement de l’intimité et de la sexualité des personnes handicapées cérébrales institutionnalisées. Les personnes victimes de traumatismes crâniens sévères (handicap acquis) et les personnes porteuses d’infirmités motrices d’origine cérébrale (handicap congénital) ont été les principaux protagonistes de cette recherche. Les résultats montrent que selon le type de handicap (acquis ou congénital), la posture des soignants est quasiment la même ; celle des résidants eux-mêmes diffèrent légèrement ; quant à celle des aidants-aimants-accompagnants et familles, elle est radicalement différente : le handicap congénital ne laisse pas de place à un imaginaire intime et/ou sexuelle de leur part, envers leurs protégés. Quelles perspectives pour la mise en œuvre d’une éducation pour la santé sexuelle pour ces personnes handicapées cérébrales ? Quel accompagnement à la vie intime et sexuelle en structure d’hébergement ? / Mentally-handicapped adults, like any other human beings, develop amorous sentiments and therefore, are entitled to an emotional, intimate and sexual life.In institution (living space), brain-damaged adults are often dependent on social representations which built them, of those of caregivers who cared them, or still of those of caregivers-loving-accompanying and families which accompanying them.This research tried to target the central cores and peripheral elements of all these social representations, by means of the “free association” and the “emotional cards”, to estimate for all actors, the possible progress regarding acceptance, and consequently accompaniment of intimacy and sexuality about institutionalized mentally-handicapped adults.Brain-damaged adults (acquired handicap) and people with mental disabilities (congenital handicap) were the main protagonists of this research.The results show that according to the type of handicap (acquired or congenital), the caregivers’ posture is almost the same; that of the resident differ themselves slightly; as for that some caregivers-loving-accompanying and families are radically different: people with congenital disabilities do not create an intimate imagination and/or sexual from them, to their mentally-handicapped adult.What perspectives for the implementation of an education for the sexual health for these cerebral disabled people? What sort of companying for privacy and sexual life in institution?

Families lacking adequate housing are increasingly becoming a concern for social services throughout Sweden, challenging a key promise of the social democratic universalist welfare-state. This raises questions about experiences of parenthood under the threat of facing homelessness or while living in temporary and inadequate residence in the Swedish context. A qualitative, explorative interview study among parents without access to the housing market and housed by social services is proposed for this investigation. Interview-analysis using an inductive thematic framework-based model with content-analysis and interpretation suggests that the sample groups perceptions of reality revolves around four main interconnected themes or categories; housing history, mental processes, child-parent relationship, adaptation. These categories each accommodates subthemes such as process, exclusion, depression, repetitive thinking, closeness. Participants housing history is viewed as a process encompassing experiences of inadequacy and their mental processes seems to be dominated by different dimensions and levels of stress, depression and cognitive malfunctioning associated with future plans and living space. The study indicates that these experiences forge a strong and close parent-child relationship and seems to affect participants’ way of viewing their position in society. Observing the results through a theoretical lens concludes that concepts drawn from systems theory, social constructivist ideas such as social representation and positioning theory widens our understanding of how participants situation. Results are also in line with previous qualitative as well as quantitative studies, and can be used to construct concepts and hypothesises regarding identity, class, exclusion and family relations that needs to be tested in further research. Finally, results suggest a careful approach within a social work context towards families living under studied living conditions. It seems pivotal to be aware of how unstable housing can affect mental processes, self-identity and family relationships but keeping in mind that these individual factors are linked to societal structures that lie at the core of homeless or at risk homeless parents’ situation.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade do lenho das árvores de Cariniana legalis submetidas a diferentes espaçamentos (3x1,5; 3x2; 3x2,5 m). O experimento localiza-se na Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio-SP, do Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionadas 30 árvores de jequitibá rosa (10 árvores/tratamento) e seccionados discos na base, DAP e a cada 5m do tronco até a altura comercial das árvores. Foram realizadas as análises (i) anatômicas, com a descrição macro e microscópica do lenho com ênfase aos anéis de crescimento e (ii) dendrocronológicas, para a comprovação da anuidade da formação dos anéis de crescimento; (iii) densitometria de raios X, para obtenção do perfil longitudinal - radial de densidade aparente do lenho e imagem digital do lenho; (iv) dendroclimatologia, para verificar a influência dos fatores climáticos, como a precipitação e temperatura na formação dos anéis de crescimento e da (v) influência do espaçamento no crescimento radial acumulado/médio anual do tronco e no volume das árvores/ha. Os resultados indicaram que as árvores de C. legalis apresentam anéis de crescimento distintos, com a dendrocronologia confirmando a idade das árvores (38 anos) e a anuidade da formação dos anéis de crescimento. A densidade aparente do lenho decresce da base até a região intermediária, tendendo a aumentar próximo ao topo do tronco das árvores, com o maior valor no maior e menor espaçamento. As imagens digitais do lenho indicaram um decréscimo da densidade aparente do lenho no sentido medula - casca. Nos três espaçamentos, a análise dendroclimatológica indicou uma influência significativa das variáveis climáticas no crescimento radial do tronco das árvores de Cariniana legalis. Os meses do ano que influenciaram o crescimento radial do tronco das árvores foram distintos entre os tratamentos sendo que, entretanto, verifica-se um padrão de crescimento do tronco semelhante e relacionado com a precipitação mensal acumulada. O espaçamento entre árvores influenciou diretamente no ritmo de crescimento do tronco das árvores, sendo que as do maior espaçamento apresentaram a maior produção volumétrica do lenho, e as do menor espaçamento, o maior volume de madeira/ha. Conclui-se que a área do espaço vital (espaçamento) influencia significativamente o desenvolvimento das árvores de Cariniana legalis. / The present study aims to assess growth and wood quality of Cariniana legalis trees in forest plantations under different espacements (1.5x3, 3x2, 3x2.5 m). The experiment is located in Luiz Antônio, São Paulo, at the Experimental Station belonging to the Forest Institute of São Paulo. It was selected 30 trees of \"jequitibá rosa\" (10 per treatment) and sectioned discs were removed at the base, DBH and every 5m to commercial height. With these samples 5 different analyzis were performed: (i) anatomical, by means of wood macroscopic and microscopic description with a view to growth rings, (ii) dendrochronological, to prove growth rings annuality; (iii) X-ray densitometry and digital X-rays to obtain the radial density profile in the longitudinal and radial direction; (iv) dendroclimatological, for checking the influence of climatic factors (monthly precipitation and average annual temperature) in growth rings formation and (v) verification of espacement influence on cumulative and annual radial growth, volume per tree and per hectare. Wood description indicates C. legalis trees have distinct growth rings. Dendrochronology confirmed annuity formation of growth rings as the number of rings found matches with the age of plantation, 38 years old. Apparent density decreases from the base to the middle region of the stem and tends to increase near the top, with higher average values in both widest and closest espacements. The analysis of digital images indicated a decrease in apparent density in pith-bark direction. Dendroclimatology indicated there was significant influence of climatic variables on radial growth of Cariniana legalis trees. The months influencing radial growth were different between treatments, however there is a similar pattern of growth related to monthly precipitation. The espacements used influenced directly the growth rate of the trees. The ones inserted in widest espacements had the highest volumetric production, on the other hand the largest volume per hectare occurred in the closest espacements. The conclusion was that size of living space influences significantly the development of C. legalis trees.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The presented text comprises a Geography teaching proposal based on cartographic literacy in the initial years considering the living space, the municipality, as a reference for mapsreading. In order to understand the student and itscapacity to build skills and abilities in reading the space, this research marks its theoretical contributions in Piaget. We thoughtof an active student subject in modes of acting and thinking, not manipulating objects, but reflecting that knowledge can be built through the exchange of know-how, either, student and teacher, student with student or student with space. In this sense, we design the general objective of this research, understanding the need of cartographic literacy in the initial years in view of our studentssubjectsbeing able to read a map while synthesis of space/place based on these teachings. Specifically (a) recognize the importance of teaching and learning of literacy cartographic notions through experience and living with public school students from the municipalities of Porto Alegre and Agudo, (b) establish relations between Cartography teaching and genetic epistemology of Jean Piaget to understand how to teach cartography in the initial years, (c) propose practical methodologies to assist in cartographic literacy startingwith spatial reading of the municipality through pedagogical workshops and also (d) evaluate the knowledge built by our subjects students during these practicesbased on the approach technique of participatory research. By setting these objectives, the research laboratory was situated in two public schools of two municipalities with territorydistance of 246 km, Agudo (RS) and Porto Alegre (RS). The following questions werediscussed: taking into considerationthat the lived space of students provides a more meaningful learning, since the representations are endowed of significance of the world we experience? Even the subjects not disposing of the same subjective time (insertion or not of information technology and manipulation of distinct information objects) although they experience the same chronological time, have they distinct spatial readings? Do the diversity of elements and the complexity of the studied space interfere in the way of realizing it and so understanding it, since spatial representations will be worked with 4th grade children of elementary school in two municipalities, Agudo and Porto Alegre? In the development of workshops observe the literacy process in Which school mapping was beyond the color decoding and symbols , enabling the revealing reading stories , subjects and movements . The methodological approach of participatory research used was fundamental to apprehend the subjectivity of the subjects involved . Students showed marked differences in the reading room . This fact is related the experiences of each one , to prove , among other things , of their lived space / O texto apresentado compreende uma proposta de ensino de Geografia com base no letramento cartográfico nos anos iniciais considerando o espaço de vivência, o município, como referência para a leitura dos mapas. Para compreender o aluno e sua capacidade em construir competências e habilidades na leitura do espaço, a pesquisa baliza seus aportes teóricos em Piaget. Pensamos um sujeito aluno ativo em modos de agir e pensamento, não manipulando objetos, mas refletindo que o conhecimento pode ser construído mediante troca de saberes, seja, aluno e professor, aluno com aluno ou ainda aluno com o espaço. Neste sentido delineamos como objetivo geral da pesquisa, compreender a necessidade do letramento cartográfico nos anos iniciais para que os nossos sujeitos alunos, a partir destes ensinamentos sejam capazes de ler um mapa enquanto síntese do espaço/lugar. Especificamente (a) reconhecer a importância do ensino e da aprendizagem das noções de letramento cartográfico por intermédio de experiência e vivência com alunos de escola pública dos municípios de Porto Alegre e Agudo, (b) estabelecer relações entre o ensino de Cartografia e a epistemologia genética de Jean Piaget para compreender como ensinar a cartografia nos anos iniciais, (c) propor práticas metodológicas para auxiliar no letramento cartográfico partindo da leitura espacial do município por intermédio de oficinas pedagógicas e também (d) avaliar com base na técnica de abordagem da pesquisa participante o conhecimento construído por nossos sujeitos alunos durante estas práticas. Ao estabelecermos estes objetivos situamos como laboratório de pesquisa dois municípios distantes territorialmente 246 Km, Agudo (RS) e Porto Alegre (RS) em duas escolas públicas, problematizando as seguintes indagações, levar em consideração o espaço vivido dos alunos proporciona um aprendizado mais significativo, uma vez que as representações são dotadas de significado do mundo que vivenciamos? Os sujeitos mesmo não dispondo do mesmo tempo subjetivo (inserção ou não da tecnologia informacional e manipulação de distintos objetos informacionais) por mais que vivenciam o mesmo tempo cronológico possuem distintas leituras espaciais? A diversidade dos elementos e a complexidade do espaço estudado interferem na forma de percebê-lo e assim compreendê-lo, uma vez que trabalharemos representações espaciais com crianças do 4° ano do ensino fundamental em dois municípios, Agudo e Porto Alegre? No desenvolvimento das oficinas observamos um processo de letramento no qual a cartografia escolar foi além de uma decodificação de cores e símbolos, possibilitando uma leitura reveladora de histórias, sujeitos e movimentos. A abordagem metodológica da pesquisa participante utilizada foi fundamental para apreender as subjetividades dos sujeitos envolvidos. Os alunos apresentaram diferenças marcantes na leitura do espaço. Tal fato está relacionado as experiências de cada um, que provém, entre outros fatores, do espaço vivido deles.

Människors boyta har en betydande miljöpåverkan. Valet av bostad är därför viktigt ur ett miljöperspektiv. Syftet var att undersöka unga mäns inställning till bostadsytan och vilka motiverande faktorer det finns för dessa att minska sin bostadsyta. Frågeställningarna utifrån syftet löd: Hur är inställningen hos yngre män till att leva på en mindre boyta? Är miljöpåverkan en motiverande faktor till att minska sin bostadsyta? För studien användes en kvalitativ metod där sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med unga män genomfördes. Resultatet ställdes mot teorin kognitiv dissonans, samt definitionen av hållbar bostadsyta, för en analys. Befintlig forskning integrerades även i analysen. Resultatet visade att önskan om större bostadsytan gick före miljöhänsyn, men inte nödvändigtvis om bostaden var bra planerad. De motiverande faktorerna till en mindre boyta var främst andra än miljöskäl, nämligen ekonomiska eller underhållsrelaterade. Det var endast en av informanterna som önskade ett boende av miljöhänsyn. / People's living space has a significant environmental impact. The choice of housing is therefore important from an environmental perspective. The purpose of the study was to find out young men's attitudes towards the living space, as well as what motivating factors there could be for reducing their living space. The questions based on the purpose were thus: What is the attitude to the living space of younger men? Do environmental factors motivate young men to reduce their living space? What other motivating factors for a life in a smaller space could be identified? A qualitative method was used, where six semi-structured interviews with young men were conducted. The result was set in the light of the theory of cognitive dissonance, as well as the definition of sustainable living space, for an analysis. Previous research was also integrated into the analysis. The result of the study showed the demand for larger living space went before environmental factors, but not necessarily if the home was well planned. The motivating factors for a smaller living space were mainly other than for the sake of the environment, namely economic reasons or lower maintenance. Only one of the informants showed interest in a smaller living space to reduce his environmental impact.

Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur biareans storlek och användningssätt påverkar prisbildningen för småhusfastigheter. Genom att studera biareans prispåverkan kan studien ge indikationer gällande hanteringen av biareans värdepåverkan inom fastighetstaxeringen och om den bör genomgå en förändring. Eftersom taxeringsvärdet används vid en mängd olika situationer i samhället är det viktigt att det baseras på aktuella och tillförlitliga uppgifter. Studien utförs på uppdrag av Lantmäteriets sektion för fastighetsekonomi i Gävle. Fastighetstaxeringen i Sverige fastställs genom en form av massvärdering vilket utmynnar i taxeringsvärden för fastigheterna. Taxeringsvärdet är uppbyggt av olika värdefaktorer där storlek är en av dessa och uttrycks som värdearea i taxeringsvärdet. Denna värdearea består av boarean tillsammans med 20 % men max 20 m² av biarean. Biarea är sådan area som inte räknas som boarea, exempelvis källarutrymme, garage som nås inifrån eller inglasad altan. För att undersöka biareans prispåverkan för småhusfastigheter har hela Gävle kommun studerats genom en ortsprisanalys innehållande 559 köp. Mindre områden i Gävle har ingått i en enkätundersökning för att ta reda på fastighetsägarnas resonemang kring biareans värde. Endast småhusfastigheter med typkod 220 har ingått i studien och biarea i form av källarutrymme är den typ av biarea som studien inriktat sig främst på. Ortsprismaterialet har analyserats utefter nyckeltalen K/T-tal och pris per kvadratmeter.  Studiens resultat visar att det finns en positiv prispåverkan för småhus med biarea efter analys av hela ortsprismaterialet. Efter indelning i hög- och lågvärdeområden observeras denna positiva prispåverkan även inom högvärdeområden men inte inom lågvärdeområden. Ortsprismaterialet delades efter den initiala analysen in i storleksgrupper avseende boarea och andelsgrupper avseende biareans omfattning. För småhusfastigheter med boarea mellan 61-90 m² kan det utefter studiens resultat konstateras att betalningsviljan ökar ju större andel biarea småhuset har och att det är vid förekomsten av källarutrymme som störst positiv prispåverkan observeras. Samma observation kan göras när det gäller högvärdeområden. Ortsprisanalysens resultat styrks av enkätundersökningen där majoriteten av fastighetsägarna svarade att källarutrymmet var en bidragande faktor vid köpet och att fastighetsägarna värderar denna biarea högre än dess andel av taxeringsvärdet.