Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CESAR AUGUSTO FRAGA DE SOUZA.pdf: 4261821 bytes, checksum: 103ef945046503ca9fbdf50edd1c5f9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / This study aims to analyze the changes occurring in the urban landscape of Foz do Iguaçu, and especially in the region of Itaipu´s village and their surroundings, focusing on Vila "A", between the years 1970 and 2013 , and the way people experienced these changes in their memoirs. The city, located in the Triple Frontier of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina experienced an unimaginable growth for residents who lived there in the early 1970s. Since 1974, with the start of construction of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant, the city would become a land of opportunity for thousands of people who, believing in the possibility of getting a job in the power plant, came to the city even without steady employment. In addition, forty thousand people came to work at Itaipu, which led the company's need to build housing for these employees. Three kinds of areas were built: "A"," B" and "C", each one for a category of employees. Over the years, new neighborhoods have emerged in these areas, altering the landscape and the memoirs of the city. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as transformações ocorridas na paisagem do espaço urbano de Foz do Iguaçu e, principalmente, na região das Vilas de Itaipu e seus entornos, com foco na Vila A , entre os anos de 1970 e 2013, e de que maneira as pessoas vivenciaram essas mudanças em suas memórias. Foram utilizados diferentes tipos de fontes para a elaboração da pesquisa, como a fotografia, a memória (História Oral) e documentos oficiais (Planos Diretores), além do debate com outros autores. A cidade, situada na Tríplice Fronteira de Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina, vivenciou um crescimento inimaginável para os moradores que nela viviam na transição dos anos 1960 para 1970. A partir de 1974, com o início da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional, a cidade se tornaria uma terra de oportunidades para milhares de pessoas que, acreditando na possibilidade de conseguir emprego na Usina, mudaram-se para a cidade mesmo sem emprego fixo. Além disso, quarenta mil pessoas vieram para trabalhar em Itaipu, o que gerou a necessidade da empresa construir moradias para esses funcionários. Foram criadas três Vilas: A , B e C , cada qual destinada a uma categoria de funcionários. Com o passar dos anos, novos bairros surgiram nos entornos dessas Vilas, alterando a paisagem e as memórias da cidade. A Vila A e seu entorno foi o objetivo principal dessa dissertação.

This study is concerned with the sexual abuse of enslaved women and girls by white men in the antebellum South. Interviews conducted by the Federal Writers’ Project in the 1930s are studied alongside nineteenth-century narratives of the formerly enslaved in order to make calculations of the scale of abuse in the South, but also to discover which conditions, social spaces and situations were, and possibly still are, most conducive to the sexual abuse of women and girls. This thesis is separated into two parts. Part One establishes a methodology for working with testimony of the formerly enslaved and determines the scale of sexual abuse using all available 1930s interviews with people who had lived in Louisiana and Texas under slavery. This systematic quantitative analysis is a key foundation from which to interpret the testimony of abuse that is explored according to different forms of sexual violence in Part Two. It is argued that abuse was endemic in the South, and occurred on a scale that was much higher than has been argued in previous studies. Enslaved people could experience a range of white male sexually abusive behaviours: rape, sexual slavery and forced breeding receive particular attention in this study due to the frequency with which they were mentioned by the formerly enslaved. These abuses are conceptualised as existing on a continuum of sexual violence that, alongside other less frequently mentioned practices, pervaded the lives of all enslaved people. Common features existed along the continuum. Abuse was intergenerational in nature for both the abusers and the abused. Light-skinned enslaved children born of rape were far more likely to become victims of abuse themselves and young enslaved girls were prematurely sexualised. Sexual abuse was brought into the white domestic space through the institution of sexual slavery, white children were thus unconsciously schooled in the abusive sexual mores of southern society from an early age. Abuse was quite open among white male family members. Other institutions existed that normalised and legitimised abuse, such as the fancy-girl trade and sexual interference through forced breeding practices that included eugenic manipulation and the use of ‘studs’. Despite this, enslaved women showed remarkable levels of emotional survival and initial reflections are made on the ways in which women could resist and cope with sexual abuse. Testimony suggests that abuse was discussed amongst the black community, support was rarely denied to victims, and there was no stigma was attached to children born of rape. With recent revelations on the scale of the institutionalised sexual abuse of women and children, as well as vast modern sex-trafficking networks, there are special opportunities presented through the current cultural climate in order to understand the southern experience. The South is reframed as a ‘culture of abuse’ where sexual violence against enslaved people was naturalised and culturally reproduced.

Die verhandeling begin met 'n beknopte oorsig oor die plek en aard van plaaslike geskiedenis in Westerse en Suid-Afrikaanse historiografie. Machadodorp se geografiese ligging, sowel as fisiese faktore soos geografie en klimaat was bepalend tydens die vroeë vestigingsgeskiedenis. Uit argeologiese navorsing wat in die groter streek gedoen is, is vasgestel dat Steentydperkmense, Ystertydperkmense en swart gemeenskappe soos die Koni, Pedi en Swazi van die vroegste inwoners van die gebied was. Gedurende die laaste helfte van die negentiende eeu het die eerste wit setlaars die gebied binnegekom. Die bou van die hoofspoorlyn, die Oosterlijn, na die Portugese hawe Delagoabaai was belangrik vir die behoud van die politieke en ekonomiese onafhanklikheid van die ZAR. Die geskiedenis van die opmeet, bou en ontwikkeling van hierdie spoorlyn en die ontstaansgeskiedenis van Machadodorp is nou verweef. Aanvanklik was albei nedersettings, Machadodorp en Carolina, deel van die Lydenburglanddrosdistrik. Toe Carolina in 1893 tot onafhanklike landdrosdistrik geproklameer is, moes die ZAR-regering uitsluitsel gee tot watter distrik Machadodorp sou hoort. Die uiteindelike besluit dat dit deel van die Lydenburg-landdrosdistrik moes bly, sou vir Machadodorp en omgewing langdurende administratiewe gevolge inhou. Die Anglo-Boereoorlog was die mees ingrypende gebeurtenis in Machadodorp se geskiedenis voor 1904. Nadat Pretoria, die hoofstad van die ZAR, deur die Britse magte beset is, het Machadodorp die tydelike regeringsetel van die ZAR geword (5 Junie 1900 tot 27 Augustus 1900). Die Britse troepe het Machadodorp op 28 Augustus 1900 beset en op 1 September 1900 het lord Roberts, die opperbevelhebber van die Britse troepe in suider-Afrika, die Transvaal as deel van die Britse ryk geproklameer. Britse troepe was op die dorp tot na die vredesluiting in 1902. Die verhandeling word afgesluit met 'n bespreking van die administratiewe proses waarvolgens Machadodorp tot dorp geproklameer is. Hierdie proses, wat deur die uitbreek van die oorlog onderbreek is, is tydens die koloniale tydperk voltooi. Op 30 Desember 1904 is Machadodorp tot dorp geproklameer en het die eerste fase in die dorp se ontwikkelingsgeskiedenis tot 'n einde gekom. ENGLISH : The dissertation begins with a brief review of the nature and status of local history in Western and South African historiography. The geographic location of Machadodorp as well as physical factors, such as geology and climate, determined early settlement patterns. From archaeological research in the area it was determined that the earliest inhabitants of the greater Machadodorp area were Stone Age people, Iron Age people and black communities, such as the Koni, Pedi and Swazi. During the last half of the nineteenth century the first whites settled in the region of Machadodorp. To retain their political and economic independence the ZAR had to obtain a non- British route to the outside world. This idea could only be realized if a railway line, the Oosterlijn, was built to the Portuguese harbour of Delgoa Bay. There is a very close link between the surveying, planning, building and development of this railway line and the history of the establishment of Machadodorp. Initially, the two settlements, Machadodorp and Carolina were part of the Lydenburg magisterial district. When Carolina was proclaimed an independent magisterial district in 1893, the ZAR government had to make a decision regarding the district to which Machadodorp would belong. The eventual decision that Machadodorp should remain part of the Lydenburg magisterial district resulted in long term administrative consequences for the Machadodorp area. The Anglo Boer War was the most influential event in the history of Machadodorp prior to 1904. After Pretoria, the capital of the ZAR was occupied by the British forces Machadodorp became the temporary seat of the ZAR government (5 June 1900 – 27 August 1900). On 28 August 1900 the town was occupied by the British troops and on 1 September 1900 Lord Roberts, Commander-in-chief of the British troops in Southern Africa, proclaimed the Transvaal as part of the British Empire. The British troops remained in Machadodorp until after the peace negotiations in 1902. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the process by which Machadodorp was proclaimed a town. This process which started before the outbreak of the war was disrupted by the war and was only completed after the war. On 30 December 1904 Machadodorp was proclaimed a town, whereby the first phase in Machadodorp’s developmental history was concluded. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

Univerzita Karlova - Filozofická fakulta - Ústav světových dějin ABSTRACT This paper discusses the development and state-of-the-art of writing local chronicles in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the three decades after the fall of the socialist regime (1989 - 2019), placing Czech and Slovak chronicles writing practice on a comparative level. They are based on the Czechoslovak social context. This paper does not ignore also the historical context (19th century) and discusses in more detail writing local chronicles in various periods of the 20th century, as from this period draws current chronicles writing to this day. Besides the theoretical passages, the paper consists of an empirical part (not only as a section describing the field research in the form of a case study), suggests the use of chronicles in practice, and in conclusion seeks to explain and present a comparative synthesis. Following the textual core, a broader base of appendices has been prepared, consisting of both a chronicles bibliography and a direct transcript of contemporary legislative measures concerning chronicles writing in the Czech-Slovak geographical area from the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic to the present. Keywords : writing local chronicles; chronicle; chroniclers; commemorative books; comparative analysis;...

Univerzita Karlova - Filozofická fakulta - Ústav světových dějin ABSTRACT This paper discusses the development and state-of-the-art of writing local chronicles in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the three decades after the fall of the socialist regime (1989 - 2019), placing Czech and Slovak chronicles writing practice on a comparative level. They are based on the Czechoslovak social context. This paper does not ignore also the historical context (19th century) and discusses in more detail writing local chronicles in various periods of the 20th century, as from this period draws current chronicles writing to this day. Besides the theoretical passages, the paper consists of an empirical part (not only as a section describing the field research in the form of a case study), suggests the use of chronicles in practice, and in conclusion seeks to explain and present a comparative synthesis. Following the textual core, a broader base of appendices has been prepared, consisting of both a chronicles bibliography and a direct transcript of contemporary legislative measures concerning chronicles writing in the Czech-Slovak geographical area from the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic to the present. Keywords : writing local chronicles; chronicle; chroniclers; commemorative books; comparative analysis;...

This thesis addresses the theatrical establishment in Kristinehamn during the long 19th century, with notable focus between the years 1835-1902. The thesis seeks to identify an overall picture of the theatrical influence in the city through an understanding of theatrical occurrences during the chosen timeline. Through Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital, the thesis aims to uncover to whom the theatrical establishment was targeted. Finally, a comparative aspect can present itself by comparing the results with previously established theater-historical research. Thus, the thesis can add to the already existing understanding of the theatrical historical research from a local perspective.     The approach is divided amongst three different research questions, all of which has one or more methods applied to them. The methods consist of both qualitative and quantitative aspects. When comparing the local perspective with the broader, national one, an abductive method has been used to identify the similarities or differences between results. The source material has been gathered from three main sources: the collections of Linus Brodin, Kristinehamns’ image archive and theatre advertisements or reviews from local daily newspapers. Brodins’ archive consists of an assortment of different types of documents, such as plays, Bills of Sales, stock letters or posters. The advertisements have been found through computer-assisted analysis via the National Library of Sweden’s database for digitalized newspapers.     The study gave extensive results that give satisfying answers to the formed research questions. Kristinehamn constructed theatres during two different occurrences, once in 1835, which then burned to the ground during the great fire in 1893, and then later in the year 1902. The city closely follows the results of previous theatre historical research, especially when comparing the results to the nearby city of Karlstad. There are just a few exceptions when it comes to a lack of visits from certain popular directors or in how some theatre administrative boards were built up. There were plenty of traveling theatre companies that visited the city, which performed a minimum of 268 different plays throughout the research period. The most popular genre was by far different variations of comedy. There is backing evidence for the theory that Kristinehamn consisted of two different culture practicing groups, the Cultural Elite, and the Cultural Novice: though the distinctions between them from decennium to decennium are vague. The results do show a clear indication that the theatre as a medium for both entertainment and practicing got more and more accessible throughout the 19th century. / Denna uppsats behandlar Kristinehamns teaterverksamhet under det långa 1800-talet, med särskilt fokus mellan åren 1835–1902. Studiens syfte är att analysera historiska skeenden för att skapa en helhetsbild utav teaterlivet i Kristinehamn samt genom Pierre Bourdieus kapitalbegrepp undersöka hur tillgänglig teatern var för den bredare massan. Utöver detta ämnar undersökningen även föra en komparativ aspekt, där resultaten ställs mot tidigare teaterhistorisk forskning. Studien bidrar således till den teaterhistoriska forskningen utifrån ett lokalhistoriskt perspektiv.         Arbetssättet för genomförandet av undersökningen är uppdelad utefter tre forskningsfrågeställningar. Samtliga frågeställningar har applicerats en eller flera metoder. Dessa metoder består av både kvalitativ analys av källmaterialet samt kvantitativa framställningar. Ytterligare en metod som använts i undersökningen är den abduktiva forskningsmetoden som använts för att ställa undersökningsresultatet mot ett större sammanhang. Källmaterialet består av insamlat material från Linus Brodins samlingar i Föreningsarkivet i Värmland, från Kristinehamns bildarkiv samt från teaterannonser och recensioner i dagspress från Kristinehamn. Linus Brodins samlingar innehåller bland annat köpekontrakt, lottbrev, affischer och manus. Annonserna har framtagits genom att applicera ett kodschema för sökning i Kungliga bibliotekets databas för svenska dagstidningar.     Undersökningen gav ett mycket omfattande resultat som på gott vis besvarar samtliga tre forskningsfrågeställningar. Kristinehamn lät uppföra teaterhus vid två olika tillfällen, ett 1835 som brann ned i stadsbranden 1893, samt ett annat teaterhus år 1902. Staden följer tidigare teaterhistorisk forskning nära, särdeles med den närliggande staden Karlstad. Några få undantag gällande populära besökande direktörer eller sammansättning av teaterbolag existerar. De kringresande teatersällskapen var många och gav ett minimum på 268 olika pjäser genom undersökningsperioden. Den mest populära genren var komedin. Det finns underlag för att kategorisera Kristinehamnarnas kulturutövare i två fack, kultureliten respektive kulturnovisen; men kategoriseringen av dessa från decennium till decennium är diffus. Dock visar resultatet att teatern blev alltmer tillgänglig för fler och fler personer under 1800-talets gång.

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This project explores the impact of a mobile website (MWS) designed to enhance knowledge and interest in local history among residents of Eberswalde as a sample for an Eastern German post-communist city. It aims to strengthen the sense of regional identity and attachment, potentially affecting their decision to remain in or leave the region. The MWS features digitised old postcards, new images, audio memories, short films, and text about historical locations preceding communism in East Germany. Building on previous research showing that interest and engagement in local history can raise, i.a., individuals 'place attachment', 'local identity', and 'regional pride', the research's theoretical frame joins Stefaniak et al.'s (2017), Twells et al.'s (2018) and Pearson and Plevyak's (2020) research outcomes. It groups them into six spheres of effects (SoEs) and reorders them into six individual personal growth dimensions (IPGDs). While the SoEs represent a researcher's bird's-eye view, the IPGDs aim to understand individuals from a frog's-eye viewpoint. The MWS was developed using WordPress with the Divi Editor. A local choir of approximately 35 members critically accompanied the development process, from naming the domain to creating and initial testing a prototype for a location page, which then served as a template for subsequent locations. Subsequently, the MWS was evaluated on-site by five participating local individuals who were not part of the initial testing by the choir members and had at least one family member who experienced the region under communist rule. They were observed during this process, and audio notes were taken. Approximately one to two weeks later, each participant was interviewed using a retrospective semi-structured interview exploring their experiences and any possible perceptual changes regarding their local history. The results show that despite the temporal and scope limitations of the project, the short engagement with local history via the MWS has enriched participants' attachment to the city. It shows further that the worth of local history in this process lies in that sites and monuments of local history are perceived as accomplishments of the local community. This perception fosters an emotional connection and a sense of pride in being part of the locality. In contrast, the presence of natural beauty, as exemplified by the surroundings of Eberswalde, elicits appreciation. Even though nature, not being a human achievement, is admired by participants, it does not evoke the same emotional expressions or pride in belonging to the location. Both are essential for establishing a lasting bond and participation in the city's public and social life.

For the past century, medievalism studies generally and Anglo-Saxonism studies in particular have largely dismissed the eighteenth century as a dark period in English interest in the Anglo-Saxons. Recent scholarship has tended to elide Anglo-Saxon studies with Old English studies and consequently has overlooked contributions from fields such as archaeology, art history and political philosophy. This thesis provides the first re-examination of scholarly, antiquarian and popular Anglo-Saxonism in eighteenth-century England and argues that, far from disappearing, interest in Anglo-Saxon culture and history permeated British culture and made significant contributions to contemporary formulations and expressions of Englishness and English national, legal and cultural identities. Each chapter examines a different category of Anglo-Saxonist production or activity, as those categories would be distributed across current scholarship, in order to explore the ways in which the Anglo-Saxons were understood and deployed in the construction of contemporary cultural- historiographical narratives. The first three chapters contain, respectively, a review of the achievements of the ‘Oxford school' of Saxonists of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries; antiquarian Anglo-Saxon studies by members of the Society of Antiquaries of London and their correspondents; and historiographical presentations of the Anglo-Saxons in local, county and national histories. Chapters four and five examine the appearance of the Anglo-Saxons in visual and dramatic art, and the role of Anglo-Saxonist legal and juridical language in eighteenth-century politics, with reference to discoveries resulting from the academic and antiquarian research outlined in chapters one to three. It is my contention that Anglo-Saxonism came to serve as a unifying ideology of origins for English citizens concerned with national history, and political and social institutions. As a popular as well as scholarly ideology, Anglo-Saxonism also came to define English national character and values, an English identity recognised and celebrated as such both at home and abroad.

Canadians have developed a vocabulary of regionalism, a cultural shorthand that divides Canada into easily-described spaces: the Arctic, the Prairies, the Maritimes, and Central Canada, for example. But these artificial divisions obscure the history of edge places whose identity is drawn from more than one region. The region north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, is a place on the edge of the boreal forest whose self-representations, local history, and memorials draw heavily on a non-prairie identity. There, the past is associated with the forest in contrast to most Canadians' understanding of Saskatchewan as flat, treeless prairie. This dissertation presents the history of the north Prince Albert region within a framework that challenges common Saskatchewan and Canadian stereotypes. Through deep-time place history, layers of historical occupation in the study region can be compared and contrasted to show both change and continuity. Historical interpretations have consistently separated the history of Saskatchewans boreal north and prairie south, as if the two have no history of interchange and connection. Using edge theory, this dissertation argues that historical human occupation in the western interior found success in the combination of prairie and boreal lifeways.<p> First Nations groups from both boreal forest and open plain used the forest edge as a refuge, and to enhance resilience through access to resources from the other ecosystem. Newcomer use of the prairie landscape rebranded the boreal north as a place of natural resources to serve the burgeoning prairie market. The prairies could not be settled if there was not also a nearby and extensive source for what the prairies lacked: timber and fuel. Extensive timber harvesting led to deforestation and the rise of agriculture built on the rhetoric of mixed farming, not King Wheat. The mixed farming movement tied to landscape underscored the massive internal migrations from the open prairies to the parkland and forest edge.<p> Soldier settlement, long viewed as a failure, experienced success in the north Prince Albert region and gave a model for future extensive government-supported land settlement schemes. South-to-north migration during the 1920s was based on a combination of push and pull factors: drought in the Palliser Triangle; and a strengthening northern economy built on cordwood, commercial fishing, freighting, prospecting and fur harvesting, as well as mixed farming. The economy at the forest edge supported occupational pluralism, drawing subsistence from both farm and forest, reflecting the First Nations model. As tourism grew to prominence, the Saskatchewan dual identity of prairie/forest led to the re-creation of the north Prince Albert region as a new vacationland, the Playground of the Prairies. The northern forest edge drew thousands of migrants during the Great Depression. Historical analysis has consistently interpreted this movement as frantic, a reactionary idea without precedent. Through a deep-time analysis, the Depression migrations are viewed through a new lens. The forest edge was a historic place of both economic and cultural refuge and resilience predicated on the Saskatchewan contrast of north and south.