This thesis studies the extensions of the four-valued Belnap-Dunn logic, called super-Belnap logics, from the point of view of abstract algebraic logic. We describe the global structure of the lattice of super-Belnap logics and show that this lattice can be fully described in terms of classes of finite graphs satisfying some closure conditions. We also introduce a theory of so- called explosive extensions and use it to prove new completeness theorems for super-Belnap logics. A Gentzen-style proof theory for these logics is then developed and used to establish interpolation for many of them. Finally, we also study the expansion of the Belnap-Dunn logic by the truth operator ∆. Keywords: abstract algebraic logic, Belnap-Dunn logic, paraconsistent logic, super-Belnap logics

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Vinícius Cifú Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional, 2015. / Iniciamos esse trabalho com uma breve introdução histórica para que o leitor tenha uma noção de quando e por que houve interesse em sistematizar os raciocínios lógicos desde Aristóteles até nossos dias. A seguir, apresentamos noções de linguagens, com seus símbolos e regras de formação, sintaxe dos cálculos proposicional e de predicados, funções e operações envolvendo o cálculo de predicados e aplicações (fórmulas matemáticas bem conhecidas). No terceiro capítulo introduzimos o conceito de semântica e apresentamos alguns procedimentos de prova como as tabelas-verdade, tableaux e dedução natural envolvidos nesses sistemas. No quarto capítulo apresentamos a Lógica Modal Alética, demonstrações de teoremas do sistema S5, semântica relacionada com mundos possíveis. Em seguida, apresentamos noções de lógicas modais não aléticas e no sexto capítulo, finalizamos esse trabalho com uma atividade que pode ser aplicada para alunos no Ensino Médio. / We begin this work with a brief historical introduction to when and why there was interest in systematizing logical reasoning since Aristotle until our days. Next, we introduce notions of languages, with its symbols and forming rules, the syntax of propositional and predicate calculi, functions and operations involving the predicate calculus and applications (well known mathematical formulas). In the third chapter we introduce the concept of semantics and present some proof procedures as truth tables, tableaux and natural deduction involved in these systems. In the fourth chapter we present alethic Modal logic, proofs of theorems of the S5 system, and the semantics related to possible worlds. Then, we present notions of non-alethic modal logics. In the sixth chapter, we conclude with an activity that can be applied to high school students.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1634.pdf: 2033754 bytes, checksum: ef58063d765aca814c3608c0828d4965 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / As availability of data from several areas of knowledge grows, it is even more necessary to develop effective techniques to retrieve the desired information, aiming to reduce irrelevant answers and ensure that relevant results are not ignored. Considering this context, we present the FOQuE system, developed to perform query expansion in order to retrieve semantically relevant and broad results. Based on fuzzy ontologies, this system is able to obtain approximate results that satisfy user requirements according to expansion parameters defined by the user. The additional answers retrieved by the FOQuE system are classified according to the semantic expansion performed and the relevance to the query, therefore it is possible to improve results that are presented to the user. / Diante da crescente facilidade de acesso a dados de diversas áreas do conhecimento, cada vez mais são necessárias técnicas eficazes para recuperar a informação desejada, visando reduzir respostas irrelevantes e assegurar que resultados relevantes não sejam desprezados. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho apresenta o sistema FOQuE, desenvolvido para realizar diversos tipos de expansão de consultas com o intuito de recuperar resultados semanticamente relevantes e abrangentes. Baseado em ontologias difusas, este sistema é capaz de obter resultados aproximados que satisfaçam aos requisitos do usuário, de acordo com parâmetros de expansão especificados por ele. As respostas adicionais recuperadas pelo sistema FOQuE são classificadas segundo o tipo de expansão realizada e a relevância para a consulta, melhorando, assim, a forma como os resultados são apresentados ao usuário.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current dissertation has as its main objective an exposition and critical analysis of Charles Kielkopf's translation of the Standard Deontic Logic (SDL) into a normal alethic logic, and the resulting construction of a system of deontic logic that captures Kantian fundamental concepts and principles such as the concept of causal necessity and the formulations of the Categorical Imperative concerning Kingdom of Nature and Kingdom of Ends. Since this process results in an interpretation of aspects of the Kantian philosophy, it has been chosen, initially, a presentation in general lines of these concepts and, considering the difficulties regarding the applicability of a translation process between deontic and ontic principles, it was done necessary also an exhibition concerning the problem of the inferential barriers, as well as of his more immediate consequence, i. e., Jörgensen's Dilemma. In a second moment, it was also made a characterization of normal modal systems, deontic ones and alethic ones, as well as of the notions of translation between logics and of Dawson modelling. The final chapter consists of a critical examination of Kielkopf's proposal, which uses Dawson modelling to develop a deontic logic based on the alethic system K1. Such Dawson modelling allows the definition of a deontic modalities in terms of iterated alethic modalities, therefore this model constitutes a way of avoiding the problems regarding inferential barriers. The development of an alternative for attribution of logical status to deontic concepts doesn't constitute, however, in an innovative aspect of this proposal, such aspect can be founded in the use made by Kielkopf of his formal model as a tool for the investigation of philosophical concepts, such as the Kantian concepts already mentioned. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo uma apresentação da proposta de Charles Kielkopf, de tradução da lógica deôntica standard em uma lógica normal alética e de seus resultados quanto à construção de um sistema de lógica deôntica que capture conceitos e princípios kantianos como necessidade causal e as formulações do Imperativo Categórico acerca do Reino da Natureza e do Reino dos Fins. Uma vez que este processo resulta em uma interpretação de aspectos da filosofia kantiana, optou-se inicialmente por uma apresentação em linhas gerais destas concepções e, tendo em vista as dificuldades referentes a aplicabilidade de um processo de tradução entre princípios deônticos e ônticos, fez-se necessária também uma exposição acerca do problema das barreiras inferenciais, bem como de sua conseqüência mais imediata, a saber, o Dilema de Jörgensen. Num segundo momento, também foi feita uma caracterização dos sistemas modais normais, tanto deônticos quanto aléticos, bem como da noção de tradução entre lógicas e dos modelos de Dawson. O capítulo final consiste justamente num exame crítico da proposta de Kielkopf, o qual faz uso dos modelos de Dawson para desenvolver uma lógica deôntica a partir do sistema lógico K1. Tais modelos de Dawson permitem a definição de uma lógica deôntica em termos de modalidades aléticas iteradas, com o que este modelo constitui-se em uma maneira de evitar os problemas referentes às barreiras inferenciais. O desenvolvimento de uma alternativa para a atribuição de um status lógico a concepções deônticas não constitui, contudo, o aspecto inovador desta proposta, tal aspecto encontra-se justamente na utilização por Kielkopf, de seu modelo formal como uma ferramenta para a investigação de concepções filosóficas, no caso, as concepções kantianas já citadas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a legitimidade das atividades relativas à comercialização da ciência através da participação de cientistas em mecanismos de transferência de tecnologia e conhecimento para empresas em uma universidade pública no Brasil. O ponto de partida da pesquisa remete às discussões em torno da relação universidade-empresa, estudadas por distintas perspectivas que ressaltam desde a emergência de novos paradigmas na produção do conhecimento científico, tais como os argumentos da universidade empreendedora, até análises mais críticas, ora sublinhando os efeitos negativos, ora demonstrando a manutenção de fronteiras institucionais entre as duas organizações. A investigação utilizou dois métodos: 1) levantamento da participação de pesquisadores em processos de transferência de tecnologia para a indústria, utilizando dados secundários; e 2) pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, identificando os diferentes tipos de manipulação de lógicas institucionais nas práticas acadêmicas, ora voltadas para a comercialização, ora imersas na ciência pública. Verificou-se elevado crescimento de interações da universidade com a indústria. Entretanto, dois aspectos são ponderados. O primeiro diz respeito à predominância de mecanismos tradicionais de transferência de tecnologia, comparado aos outros tipos de interações. O segundo refere-se ao baixo nível de legitimação de práticas empreendedoras nos casos analisados, visto a defesa da lógica científica sobre a lógica comercial. Para a avaliação da incorporação de novos valores e normas sociais na ciência pública, estabeleceram-se tipologias de orientações científicas: orientação tradicional, orientação tradicional híbrida e orientação empreendedora. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que o argumento da universidade empreendedora apresenta sérias limitações, visto a baixa legitimidade de novos processos de transferência de tecnologia na amostra analisada. Assim, a difusão de novas práticas científicas orientadas para o maior contato com as demandas econômicas, não necessariamente expressam um processo de institucionalização do empreendedorismo acadêmico, como a incorporação de novos valores, normas e orientações científicas. / The objective of this study was to investigate the legitimacy of the activities related to commercialization of science, through the participation of scientists in mechanisms for transferring technology and knowledge to companies in a public university in Brazil. The starting point of the research refers to the discussions around the relationship between universities and business, studied by different perspectives that highlight since the emergence of new paradigms in the production of scientific knowledge, such as the arguments of the entrepreneurial university, even more critical analysis, sometimes stressing negative effects, sometimes demonstrating the maintenance of institutional boundaries between the two organizations. The research used two methods: 1) raising the participation of researchers in the process of technology transfer to industry, using secondary data and 2) qualitative research using semi-structured interviews, identifying the different types of institutional logics handling academic practices, now focused on marketing, sometimes immersed in public science. There was considerable growth in the university's interactions with industry. However, two aspects are considered. The first concerns the predominance of traditional mechanisms of technology transfer, compared to other types of interactions. The second refers to the low level of legitimation of entrepreneurial practices in the cases analyzed, since the defense of scientific logic on the business logic. To evaluate the incorporation of new values and social norms in public science, settled types of scientific orientations: traditional orientation, hybrid traditional orientation and entrepreneurial orientation. From the results it is concluded that the argument of the entrepreneurial university has serious limitations, as the low legitimacy of new processes of technology transfer in the sample. Thus, the diffusion of new scientific practices oriented more contact with the economic demands, not necessarily express a process of institutionalization of academic entrepreneurship, such as the incorporation of new values, norms and scientific orientations.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a legitimidade das atividades relativas à comercialização da ciência através da participação de cientistas em mecanismos de transferência de tecnologia e conhecimento para empresas em uma universidade pública no Brasil. O ponto de partida da pesquisa remete às discussões em torno da relação universidade-empresa, estudadas por distintas perspectivas que ressaltam desde a emergência de novos paradigmas na produção do conhecimento científico, tais como os argumentos da universidade empreendedora, até análises mais críticas, ora sublinhando os efeitos negativos, ora demonstrando a manutenção de fronteiras institucionais entre as duas organizações. A investigação utilizou dois métodos: 1) levantamento da participação de pesquisadores em processos de transferência de tecnologia para a indústria, utilizando dados secundários; e 2) pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, identificando os diferentes tipos de manipulação de lógicas institucionais nas práticas acadêmicas, ora voltadas para a comercialização, ora imersas na ciência pública. Verificou-se elevado crescimento de interações da universidade com a indústria. Entretanto, dois aspectos são ponderados. O primeiro diz respeito à predominância de mecanismos tradicionais de transferência de tecnologia, comparado aos outros tipos de interações. O segundo refere-se ao baixo nível de legitimação de práticas empreendedoras nos casos analisados, visto a defesa da lógica científica sobre a lógica comercial. Para a avaliação da incorporação de novos valores e normas sociais na ciência pública, estabeleceram-se tipologias de orientações científicas: orientação tradicional, orientação tradicional híbrida e orientação empreendedora. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que o argumento da universidade empreendedora apresenta sérias limitações, visto a baixa legitimidade de novos processos de transferência de tecnologia na amostra analisada. Assim, a difusão de novas práticas científicas orientadas para o maior contato com as demandas econômicas, não necessariamente expressam um processo de institucionalização do empreendedorismo acadêmico, como a incorporação de novos valores, normas e orientações científicas. / The objective of this study was to investigate the legitimacy of the activities related to commercialization of science, through the participation of scientists in mechanisms for transferring technology and knowledge to companies in a public university in Brazil. The starting point of the research refers to the discussions around the relationship between universities and business, studied by different perspectives that highlight since the emergence of new paradigms in the production of scientific knowledge, such as the arguments of the entrepreneurial university, even more critical analysis, sometimes stressing negative effects, sometimes demonstrating the maintenance of institutional boundaries between the two organizations. The research used two methods: 1) raising the participation of researchers in the process of technology transfer to industry, using secondary data and 2) qualitative research using semi-structured interviews, identifying the different types of institutional logics handling academic practices, now focused on marketing, sometimes immersed in public science. There was considerable growth in the university's interactions with industry. However, two aspects are considered. The first concerns the predominance of traditional mechanisms of technology transfer, compared to other types of interactions. The second refers to the low level of legitimation of entrepreneurial practices in the cases analyzed, since the defense of scientific logic on the business logic. To evaluate the incorporation of new values and social norms in public science, settled types of scientific orientations: traditional orientation, hybrid traditional orientation and entrepreneurial orientation. From the results it is concluded that the argument of the entrepreneurial university has serious limitations, as the low legitimacy of new processes of technology transfer in the sample. Thus, the diffusion of new scientific practices oriented more contact with the economic demands, not necessarily express a process of institutionalization of academic entrepreneurship, such as the incorporation of new values, norms and scientific orientations.

Orientadores: Marcelo Esteban Coniglio, Carlos Caleiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno-Soler_Juliana_M.pdf: 944055 bytes, checksum: 560404307eedeebf3b45f7ca82f30d78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

The abstract of the diploma thesis "Positive Formulas for Some Substructural Logics" by Pavel Truhlar We will examine which distributive substructural logics, as defined in the book of Restall "An Introduction to Substructural Logics" have the same positive fragment with and without the weak excluded middle axiom. The main result of this diploma thesis is that some substructural logics have this property. We repeat the basic notions as described in the Restall's book, especially the consecution, natural deduction, frame semantics, Hilbert system. We will use the soundness and completeness theorems. We also will use the equivalence of natural deduction systems and Hilbert systems. All these important theorems are in the above mentioned Restall's book. We make the proof of our main result in the next part. We will use the semantics of frames, similarly as de Jongh and Zhao in the article "Positive Formulas in Intuitionistic and Minimal Logic". We will define the top model. After, we define the construction which converts a model to the top model. We define for each formula the positive part of it; this is the formula, which behaves the same way on the top models as the original formula. We use Hilbert type calculus to formulate our main theorem. We prove our main result using the deduction theorem for certain...

Cette thèse entend montrer l’apport d’une prise en compte des repères culturels locaux dans l’analyse des réactions du personnel d’un hôpital public situé la région centrale de la Chine face aux transformations brutales de son organisation au moment où celui-ci est privatisé. Notre approche anthropologique permet d’approfondir l’analyse des (in)satisfactions et des perplexités exprimées librement par les différents acteurs que nous avons interrogés. L’enquête de terrain montre à la fois l’ampleur des transformations survenues et l’écart existant entre les anticipations initiales des acteurs locaux et les réalités observables un peu plus tard, même si les résultats obtenus témoignent de la réussite économique de cette privatisation. Les nouveaux dirigeants de notre hôpital privatisé se sont efforcés d’introduire de nouvelles formes de management, de nouvelles relations inter-organisationnelles tout en évitant autant que possible de trop dévier des valeurs traditionnelles demeurant partagées au sein de l’environnement social de l’hôpital. Ce souci différencie de la plupart des hôpitaux privés qui, faute d’avoir obtenu l’approbation des communautés locales, à se développer commercialement. La thèse apporte ainsi la contribution dans le champ du management. Elle révèle que la continuité culturelle survit aux transformations du système de propriété, créant obligation aux nouvelles directions post privatisation d’en tenir compte. Certes, au cours de la modernisation et de l’évolution sociale, des réformes sont inévitables. Cependant, les repères culturels antérieurs continuent de fournir aux acteurs un cadre d’interprétation leur permettant de s’orienter dans le contexte en transition. La thèse décrit ces logiques enracinées dans la culture chinoise dont la présence pérenne continue d’influencer les fonctionnements des autres entreprises et industries. Nous espérons que la lecture de notre travail pourra aider les gestionnaires et collaborateurs étrangers à mieux comprendre certains comportements inattendus de leurs partenaires chinois. / This thesis expounds, through an analysis of the practitioners’ reactions when privatization drastically transformed their hospital in Central China, the contribution of taking into consideration local cultural factors in the period of organizational reforms. Adopting anthropological approaches, the author interviewed the participants of the reforms and analyzed their various feelings such as disinclination, satisfaction and perplexity. The author also conducted field surveys demonstrating that while the reforms’ observable reality fell short of the expectation of the participants; its outcome was far-reaching and financially successful. The new leadership of the privatized hospital introduced new forms of management and new inter-organizational relationships, meanwhile, considered local cultural factors and strove very hard to avoid departing from traditional values shared within the environment of Chinese hospitals. It is just because of this consideration that the hospital did better than many other private hospitals whose commercial operations failed to obtain the approval of local communities.This thesis is thus expected to make a contribution to the field of the management science. It reveals that the changes in property systems inevitably involve cultural continuity, and this involvement must be taken into account by the new management personnel in post-privatization. During the great change of society, reforms certainly are inevitable. Cultural references, however, continue to provide a framework of interpretation to the actors of reforms, allowing them to orientate themselves in the context of transition.Furthermore, the author discusses some logics rooted in Chinese traditional culture which continues to influence the operations of many companies and institutions. It is hoped that this thesis could help foreign managers and employees to better understand some unfamiliar behavior of their Chinese counterparts.

L’objet de la présente étude porte sur « Les divergences des univers psycho-culturels et la formation des représentations sociales du Sida au Congo : Perceptions, presse et étudiants de Brazzaville ». Cette étude met en exergue une pandémie qui touche à la sexualité. Dans ce cadre, les univers psycho-culturels tiennent lieu de groupes d’individus qui interprètent le phénomène social du sida en tenant compte de leurs attachements culturels (modernisme et la tradition ancestrale). Ainsi, depuis l’avènement du Sida, la formation ses représentations sociales du Sida a largement été influencées par ces univers psycho-culture. Pour conduire à bien cette étude, nos méthodes de recueils de données étaient : l’observation documentaire qui a permis de recueillir les 518 articles du journal Les Dépêches de Brazzaville et de les analyser thématiquement. Pour compléter cette méthodologie, 521 étudiants de Bayardelle et d’autres Brazzavillois non étudiants ont été interviewés dans l’objectif de diversifier les avis sur la question. Bref, la méthodologie de cette étude a permis d’établir que les divergences des univers psycho-culturels sont la source de la formation des représentations sociales du Sida. De même, cette étude a aussi permis de comprendre que les représentations sociales du Sida contrarient fortement la prévention à Brazzaville. D’où, pour réussir les actions de lutte contre le Sida, ici, les acteurs doivent dorénavant tenir compte des RS du Sida des Brazzavillois. / The purpose of this study focuses on "differences of psycho-cultural universe and the formation of social representations AIDS Congo: Perceptions, press and students in Brazzaville." This study highlights a pandemic that affects sexuality. In this context, the psycho-cultural universe take the place of groups of individuals who interpret the social phenomenon of AIDS, taking into account their cultural attachments (modernism and ancestral tradition). Thus, since the advent of AIDS, training its social representations AIDS converge with the culture of individuals who interpret. To carry out this study, our methods of data collections were: the documentary observation raised the 518 newspapers articles of The Dépêches de Brazzaville and analyzed thematically. To complete this method, 521 students of Bayardelle and other Brazzaville's citizens were interviewed with the aim of diversifying opinion on the matter. In short, the methodology of this study revealed that the differences psycho-cultural worlds are the source of the formation of social representations of AIDS. Similarly, this study also understand that the social representations of AIDS complicate prevention in Brazzaville. Hence, for successful actions against AIDS, here, the actors must now take account of RS AIDS in Brazzaville