O estudo aborda as características de relacionamento entre empresas montadoras e operadores logísticos no Brasil, tendo em vista o caráter estratégico da prestação de serviços de logística integrada na indústria automobilística, setor que vem apresentando uma transformação muito grande em suas práticas e organização. O foco de análise é a logística de suprimento em montadoras de automóveis, não se abordando a distribuição de veículos prontos. O processo de globalização tem exigido a reestruturação das empresas para sua sobrevivência e desenvolvimento, a busca de vantagem competitiva, pela incorporação a seus produtos, da cadeia de valor dos clientes, e, no relacionamento interempresarial, novas formas de administração de suas cadeias de suprimentos. Os serviços de logística se mostram mais abrangentes, na estratégia e processo produtivos, numa nova caracterização da atuação de operadores logísticos. Na sua terceirização, tendência firme que se constatou, teoricamente, poderiam se apresentar alianças estratégicas entre empresas. As características de relacionamento nessa direção são abordadas nesta tese. O estudo foi conduzido com base em fontes secundárias e pela realização de entrevistas junto a montadoras e operadores logísticos. Metodologicamente, adotou-se o estudo de multicasos na identificação de arranjos institucionais da operação da logística por operadores especializados. Foi identificado um ambiente em transição, em que a terceirização é um fato, com operadores logísticos, assumindo, cada vez mais, parcelas importantes das atividades dos contratantes. No entanto, o relacionamento está longe de caracterizar verdadeiras alianças estratégicas, apresentando-se uma interação dinâmica e, muitas vezes contraditória, entre as empresas. A consciência mútua das interdependências, aceitação e entendimento de interesses individuais, a serem conciliados em alianças estratégicas, com o objetivo comum de melhor condição competitiva e compartilhamento justo de riscos, custos e recompensas, podem ser fundamentais na implantação de novas formas de produção na indústria e na adoção de operadores logísticos únicos. / This study analyses the relationship among automotive industries and third party logistics (3PL) providers in Brazil, regarding the strategic aspect of the integrated logistics service in that industry, which is showing a remarkable changing in its organization and production practices. This analysis focuses the inbound logistic in car assembling plants. The globalization process requires firms restructure to enable survival and development, the search for competitive advantages, reflecting in their products their clients value chain and, in the relationship among firms, innovative ways of supply chain management. Logistics services assume a broader scope in the production process and in the company strategy, reflecting their providing by 3PL firms in a new way. In this outsourcing, theoretically, strategic alliances among firms could take place. The relationships characteristics towards this direction are analyzed in this thesis. The study used secondary sources and interviews were conducted with automotive and logistic services providers executives. For identifying institutional arrangements in logistics services providing industry, the basic methodology adopted was multicase studies. This work identifies a transition environment with outsourcing as a fact and logistics providers increasingly assuming relevant portions of the automotive industry activities. Nevertheless, their relationships are far from actual strategic alliances, occurring a dynamic and, many times, contradictory interaction among the firms. Consciousness of mutual interdependence, agreement and understanding of individual interests to be conciliated for the achievement of the common objective of better competitive condition and fair risks, costs and rewards sharing are needed. This could be a sound basis for the new production ways and define solids fundamentals for the new trend of full logistic provider implementations, already seen in the industry.

In years 2008-2010 the main wave of global economic crisis took place. This crises have hit both industry and trade with negative impact on the demand for logistics services and technologies. The aim of this Master's Thesis is to find the answer on question if and which logistics technologies can moderate the impacts of crisis. Thesis is focused on the Czech Republic and on the logistics service providers. Beside that it summarizes knowledge gained from crisis period from all related fields and branches of economy. In the first part the thesis summarizes knowledge concerning logistics and related operations, logistics technologies, logistics providers and outsourcing. The second part deals with the development of industry, trade, transport and logistics in the Czech Republic. It inquires what contributed to the success or failure of the logistics providers, in which assets they invested and what was the demand for their services. The proper strategy in logistics for the period of recession is proposed on the basis of uncovered facts both for logistics providers and their customers.

O estudo aborda as características de relacionamento entre empresas montadoras e operadores logísticos no Brasil, tendo em vista o caráter estratégico da prestação de serviços de logística integrada na indústria automobilística, setor que vem apresentando uma transformação muito grande em suas práticas e organização. O foco de análise é a logística de suprimento em montadoras de automóveis, não se abordando a distribuição de veículos prontos. O processo de globalização tem exigido a reestruturação das empresas para sua sobrevivência e desenvolvimento, a busca de vantagem competitiva, pela incorporação a seus produtos, da cadeia de valor dos clientes, e, no relacionamento interempresarial, novas formas de administração de suas cadeias de suprimentos. Os serviços de logística se mostram mais abrangentes, na estratégia e processo produtivos, numa nova caracterização da atuação de operadores logísticos. Na sua terceirização, tendência firme que se constatou, teoricamente, poderiam se apresentar alianças estratégicas entre empresas. As características de relacionamento nessa direção são abordadas nesta tese. O estudo foi conduzido com base em fontes secundárias e pela realização de entrevistas junto a montadoras e operadores logísticos. Metodologicamente, adotou-se o estudo de multicasos na identificação de arranjos institucionais da operação da logística por operadores especializados. Foi identificado um ambiente em transição, em que a terceirização é um fato, com operadores logísticos, assumindo, cada vez mais, parcelas importantes das atividades dos contratantes. No entanto, o relacionamento está longe de caracterizar verdadeiras alianças estratégicas, apresentando-se uma interação dinâmica e, muitas vezes contraditória, entre as empresas. A consciência mútua das interdependências, aceitação e entendimento de interesses individuais, a serem conciliados em alianças estratégicas, com o objetivo comum de melhor condição competitiva e compartilhamento justo de riscos, custos e recompensas, podem ser fundamentais na implantação de novas formas de produção na indústria e na adoção de operadores logísticos únicos. / This study analyses the relationship among automotive industries and third party logistics (3PL) providers in Brazil, regarding the strategic aspect of the integrated logistics service in that industry, which is showing a remarkable changing in its organization and production practices. This analysis focuses the inbound logistic in car assembling plants. The globalization process requires firms restructure to enable survival and development, the search for competitive advantages, reflecting in their products their clients value chain and, in the relationship among firms, innovative ways of supply chain management. Logistics services assume a broader scope in the production process and in the company strategy, reflecting their providing by 3PL firms in a new way. In this outsourcing, theoretically, strategic alliances among firms could take place. The relationships characteristics towards this direction are analyzed in this thesis. The study used secondary sources and interviews were conducted with automotive and logistic services providers executives. For identifying institutional arrangements in logistics services providing industry, the basic methodology adopted was multicase studies. This work identifies a transition environment with outsourcing as a fact and logistics providers increasingly assuming relevant portions of the automotive industry activities. Nevertheless, their relationships are far from actual strategic alliances, occurring a dynamic and, many times, contradictory interaction among the firms. Consciousness of mutual interdependence, agreement and understanding of individual interests to be conciliated for the achievement of the common objective of better competitive condition and fair risks, costs and rewards sharing are needed. This could be a sound basis for the new production ways and define solids fundamentals for the new trend of full logistic provider implementations, already seen in the industry.

[pt] A área logística vem se tornando cada vez mais significativa pelo papel crítico que desempenha sobre os resultados financeiros das empresas. Além da avaliação detalhada das atividades logísticas realizadas dentro de empresas está se avaliando, cada vez mais, a possibilidade de terceirização estas atividades. Porém, existem diversos fatores a serem considerados que influenciam direta ou indiretamente sua execução. Também, é importante mencionar que alguns desses fatores não estão sob controle de empresas. Os objetivos gerais são diagnosticar a situação real logística no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e descobrir os fatores que facilitam ou dificultam seu desenvolvimento. De forma a atingir esses objetivos esta dissertação consiste de três partes principais: a) Uma revisão bibliográfica detalhada mostrará como os sistemas logísticos funcionam, os fatores que definem seu funcionamento, as fases no desenvolvimento logístico e os tipos de empresas que participam no mercado logístico. b) Uma ênfase maior é dada à terceirização de serviços logísticos, pelo fato da terceirização e, principalmente, da quarteirização de serviços logísticos representarem as novas tendências no mercado. O objetivo é esclarecer o que cada uma representa. c) Realizou-se, ainda, uma pesquisa de campo direcionada para a análise no mercado logístico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam as práticas no mercado analisado e apontam alguns problemas atuais, que dificultam o desenvolvimento logístico na região. / [en] Nowadays, the logistics area is receiving more attention due to its significant influence on any company´s results. It is common that companies with a developed internal logistics activities start to analyze the feasibility of third-party logistics. However, all these analyses include large number of internal and external factors. It is important to be mentioned that some of these factors are out of company´s control. The primary objectives are identification of actual logistic situation in the State of Rio de Janeiro and discovery of the factors that facilitate or make difficult its logistic development. This master thesis consists of the three following parts: a) A detailed theoretical survey presenting logistics systems and its functions, as well as some other factors that determine its performance and development. Moreover, it shows the type of companies that participate in the logistics market. b) More emphasis is given to third-party logistics and, also, fourth-party logistics as new trends. An important aim of this thesis is to try to clarify what each one represents. c) In the last part of the thesis, as the result of an empirical survey performed on the logistics market of the State of Rio de Janeiro, some trends and problems are shown that obstruct a better performance of the logistics market.

The main purpose of the thesis is to analyze the developement of providing logistics services in the Czech Republic and analyze the current situation and expected trends in the near future. The thesis presents the implementation process of logistics outsourcing and follows up the influence of the outsourcing at the level of logistics costs. Manufacturing companies see in logistics the potential tool to improve the efficiency in their operations and they include the logistics in their strategic goals and plans.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze modern trends in logistics and its implications with international trade. Further, to describe recent and future changes in international trade on the basis of economical perspective of different world regions and its grouping. Great importance is here placed on logistics providers, because the connection between international trade and logistics is very close. Teoretical information described in the first part of this diploma thesis, are compared to the working of real interantional company.

La logistique de la Grande Distribution s'appuie sur une organisation multi-acteurs dont les principes de flexibilité et d'adaptabilité au moindre coût sont les leviers d'une performance fondée sur la substituabilité des Prestataires de Services Logistiques (PSL). Cette organisation entraine une dépendance stratégique des PSL vis à vis de la grande Distribution. Néanmoins, certains prestataires intègrent une démarche de Développement Durable. La problématique de la thèse est donc la suivante : Pourquoi et comment les Prestataires Logistiques intègrent-ils, volontairement, une politique de Développement Durable au sein de la chaîne logistique aval de la Grande Distribution ? Le cadre théorique s'appuie d'abord sur le modèle « Plug and Play » permet de caractériser la logistique de la Grande Distribution par la spécificité des actifs et une approche des contrats. Il est complété par la théorie du découplage et l'encastrement, selon de White, ce qui permet d'expliquer le caractère bloquant du modèle « Plug and Play » et d'action possible des PSL. La méthodologie choisie est une approche exploratoire abductive sous un positionnement constructiviste modéré. Elle s'appuie sur l'étude de cas approfondie d'une chaîne logistique aval d'une enseigne de la Grande Distribution et ses PSL. Une triangulation des méthodes mobilise essentiellement une démarche qualitative par le biais d'entretiens, mais également une enquête quantitative. Les résultats de la recherche montre dans le cas étudié que les PSL sont encastré dans le modèle « Plug and Play » de l'enseigne dont ils sont dépendants. En réaction, certains prestataires tentent de se découpler du « Plug and Play », en intégrant une démarche de Développement Durable, et de s'encastrer dans un modèle « Plug and Play » où le rapport de force entre PSL et l'enseigne est plus équilibré. / The Mass-market retailing logistics relies on an organization multi-actor whose principles of flexibility and adaptability to the lesser cost are the levers of a performance based on the substitutability of the logistics service providers (LSP). This organization leads to a strategic dependence of PSL with respect to the large distribution. However, some providers incorporate a sustainable development approach. The problematic of the thesis is as follows: Why and how logistics providers incorporate, voluntarily, a sustainable development policy within the outbound logistics chain of the Mass-market Retail? The theoretical framework is first based on the model "Plug and Play". It allows characterizing the logistics of the Mass-market Retailing by asset specificity and contract approach. It is complemented by the theory of decoupling and embeddedness, according to White, which helps to explain the blocking attribute of the "Plug and Play" model and possible action of LSP. The methodology chosen is an abductive exploratory approach in a moderate constructivist position. It relies on an in-depth case study of an outbound logistics of a Mass-market Retailing and its LSP. A triangulation of methods essentially mobilizes a qualitative approach through interviews, but also a quantitative survey. The results of the research show, in the case studied, that the LSP are embedded in logistics 'Plug and Play' of the trade, and on which they are dependents. In response, some providers attempt to decouple themselves from the 'Plug and Play', by integrating a sustainable development policy and embedded themselves in a model of “Plug and Play” where the power relations between LSP and the trade is balanced.

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Bakgrund: Outsourcing av delar eller hela logistikflödet till tredjepartslogistiker har ökatavsevärt de senaste åren. Detta har satt press på tredjepartslogistikföretagen. Alwex Lager och logistik är ett tredjepartslogistikföretag som utför tjänster åt andra företag i form av materialhantering. Materialhanteringsprocessen i lagret är en av de processerna som innehåller mest icke värdeadderande aktiviteter och som har störst förutsättningar att kunna effektiviseras. För att tredjepartslogistiker ska kunna fortsätta vara attraktiva på marknaden måste de kunna möta en förändrad marknad på både kort och långsikt. Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att underlätta för andra tredjepartslogistiker som har liknande icke värdeadderande aktiviteter i sin materialhanteringsprocess som Alwex Lager och Logistik AB. Genom de kort och långsiktiga lösningar som författarna har identifierat är syftet att de ska hjälpa dem att eliminera deras icke värdeadderande aktiviteter och minska totala kostnader. Metod: Den här studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie utförd på Alwex Lager och Logistik AB. Den teori som presenteras är främst insamlad från aktuella artiklar. Empirin som presenteras är insamlad genom intervjuer och fokusgrupper med anställda på Alwex. Resultat: Författarna har identifierat att det under aktiviteten orderplock i en materialhanteringsprocess uppstår flest icke värdeadderande aktiviteter och högst kostnader. Detta har bidragit till att fokus har lagts på att finna lösningar som eliminerar ickevärdeadderande aktiviteter och minska totala kostnader inom plock. Fallstudien presenterar två kortsiktiga och två långsiktiga lösningsförslag som eliminerar icke värdeadderandeaktiviteter och minskar totala kostnader kopplade till en materialhanteringsprocess. Lösningarna som har identifierats minskar tidsåtgång för identifierade icke värdeadderandeaktiviteter med 23-75% och totala kostnader med 23-32%. / Background: Outsourcing of parts or the entire logistics flow to a third-party logisticprovider have increased significantly in recent years. This has led to high pressure on the thirdparty logistics companies. Alwex Lager och Logistik is a third-party logistics provider that performs services for other companies in form of material handling. The material handlingprocess in the warehouse is one of the main areas that contain the most non-value-adding activities and therefore have the greatest opportunity for streamlining. In order for a thirdparty logistics provider to continue to be attractive on the market, they must be able to meet a changing market on both short and long terms. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find short-term and long-term solutions that eliminates non value adding activities and reduces total costs in the material handling process in a third-party logistics provider. Methods: This study is a qualitative case study of the material handling process at the third-party logistics provider Alwex Lager & Logistik AB. The theoretical chapter is based on current literature mainly from articles. The empirical chapters are based on data collected through interviews and focus groups. Findings: The authors have identified that most of the non-value-adding activities and highest costs appears during the picking activity in a material handling process. This has led to the focus of the study being placed on finding solutions that eliminate non-value-adding activities and reduce total costs within picking. This case study presents two short-term and two long-term solutions that eliminate non-value adding activities and reduces total costs associated with a material handling process. The solutions that have been identified to reduce non valueadding time by 23-75% and total costs by 23-32%