Submitted by Aline Amarante (1146629@mackenzie.br) on 2017-07-24T21:10:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 MAURÍCIO MESQUITA BORTOLUZZO.pdf: 2244426 bytes, checksum: 50c3ac77956611398f2f5b0e5e01416e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliana Barboza (eliana.silva1@mackenzie.br) on 2017-08-07T13:25:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 MAURÍCIO MESQUITA BORTOLUZZO.pdf: 2244426 bytes, checksum: 50c3ac77956611398f2f5b0e5e01416e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T13:25:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 MAURÍCIO MESQUITA BORTOLUZZO.pdf: 2244426 bytes, checksum: 50c3ac77956611398f2f5b0e5e01416e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The present thesis performs a pseudo real time study on the predictability of Brazilian inflation, measured by the IPCA, using data from January 1995 to December 2015. The main objective of the study is to compare the predictive accuracy of multivariate models, containing macroeconomic information, against Naive models and against disaggregated data models of inflation, which in the recent literature have been successful in overcoming benchmark models for Brazilian inflation. We found evidence that most models with macroeconomic variables have predictive accuracy higher than the traditional benchmark of the literature, the autoregressive model of order 1. There is also evidence regarding the superiority of forecasts generated by the model with greater data disaggregation. In addition, the ranking of model forecasts changes when we change: the loss function, the forecasts horizons, and the time windows used for evaluations. / A presente tese realiza um estudo pseudo tempo real sobre a previsibilidade da inflação brasileira, medida pelo IPCA, utilizando dados de janeiro de 1995 a dezembro de 2015. O principal objetivo do estudo é comparar a acurácia preditiva de modelos multivariados, contendo informações macroeconômicas, contra modelos ingênuos e contra modelos de dados desagregados da inflação, que na literatura recente apresentaram sucesso em superar os modelos benchmarks. Foram encontradas evidências que a maioria dos modelos com variáveis macroeconômicas possuem acurácia preditiva superior ao benchmark tradicional da literatura, o modelo Autorregressivo de ordem 1 (AR(1)). Também há evidências quanto à superioridade de previsões geradas pelo modelo com maior desagregação de dados. Além disso, verifica-se que o ranqueamento das previsões dos modelos se altera quando se alteram: a função de perda, os horizontes de previsão e as janelas de tempo utilizadas para as avaliações.

Prestationsmätning har länge utgjort en central del i organisationsledning. Användningen av mätetal för att följa hur organisationen presterar fyller många kritiska funktioner för företagsledningen, däribland att signalera om dagens position, bedöma måluppfyllnad och skapa motivation hos medarbetarna. Samtidigt utgör prestationsmätningen bara en liten delmängd av de olika typer av styrverktyg som företagsledningen har till sitt förfogande. Inom managementlitteraturen lyfts exempelvis planering, organisationskultur, organisationsstruktur och belöningar som andra viktiga styrverktyg, som alla bör arbeta gemensamt för att leda organisationen mot uppfyllandet av dess strategier. Verksamheter för forskning och utveckling, FoU, har i forskningen på prestationsmätning varit särskilt framträdande. De unika utmaningar som präglar branschen gör implementeringen av ett prestationsmätningssystem svårt, ett problem som också framgått på det fallföretag som denna studie utförts vid. Företaget är en framgångsrik tillverkare inom fordonsindustrin, men det finns på den studerade FoU-avdelningen en uppfattning om att de mätetal som används inte till tillräcklig grad bidrar till strategiuppfyllnaden. En fallstudie av kvalitativ karaktär har genomförts på avdelningen, där empiriskt material insamlats genom observationer, intervjuer och företagsdokument. Genom att betrakta anställda på olika nivåer i organisationen har en bild kunnat erhållas om hur de olika styrverktygen används i organisationen och den inverkan de har på de olika organisatoriska nivåerna. Genom studien avser författarna bidra till forskningen på prestationsmätning inom FoU med insikter från den aktuella branschen, och genom att styrningen betraktas i ett bredare perspektiv kan vidare en identifierad lucka i litteraturen gällande styrning i FoU-organisationer fyllas. Dessutom betraktas ämnet innovationsledning, för att bidra med insikter gällande styrningens inverkan på organisationens innovativa förmåga. Studien har visat att organisationskultur, aktivitetsplanering, icke-finansiella mätsystem och organisationsstruktur spelar en särskilt framträdande roll i fallföretagets styrning. Det finns också en tydlig användning av långsiktig planering och etablerade tillvägagångssätt för att bidra med riktning, men den svaga förankring som de långsiktiga strategierna uppvisar och de otydligheter som framträder gällande tillvägagångssätten gör de båda mindre effektiva som styrmedel. Vidare framkom budget och belöningar inte alls ha en styrande effekt. Prestationsmätningen visade sig ha ett starkt fokus mot leveranser och interna processer, där ett syfte om att använda dem för uppföljning dominerade starkt. Detta är en tydlig kontrast mot tidigare studier där mätningen i större utsträckning följt kundvärde och intern utveckling. En nedbrytning av organisationens strategier visade istället att andra styrmedel, så som kultur och struktur, spelade en särskilt viktig roll i att styra mot strategier som var av denna mer långsiktiga karaktär. Genom de svagheter som framkommit i organisationens styrning kan studien hjälpa fallföretaget med att identifiera potentiella områden för vidare förbättring. Studien utgör också en första applicering av att brett använt styrsystem inom FoU, vilket med hänsyn till fallföretagets framgång kan vara av intresse för företag med liknande verksamhet som är intresserade av att implementera ett styrsystem i sin egen organisation. / Performance Measurement has for a long time had a central position in the management of organizations. The use of measurements for tracking business performance fulfills several critical functions for the management, which includes signaling about the current position, judging performance, and creating motivation among the employees. However, performance measurement is only one of the several kinds of control systems that managers may use. In the management literature, types of control such as planning, cultural controls, organizational structure and rewards are mentioned, and they must all function together to guide the organization towards the fulfillment of its strategies. Research and Development (R&D) organizations have had a special prominence in the performance measurement literature. The unique challenges that distinguish the function make the implementation of a performance measurement system difficult, a problem that has been experienced at the case company where this study has been carried out. The company is a successful manufacturer in the automotive industry, but at the studied R&D-department there is a belief that the measurements in use does not contribute to the fulfillment of the strategies to a satisfactory degree. A case study of qualitative character has been carried out at the department, where empirics have been gathered through observations, interviews, and corporate documents. By considering employees on different levels in the organization, a picture has emerged regarding the various control systems in use in the organization and the impact they have on different organizational levels. Through this study, the authors contribute to the performance measurement literature in the field of R&D with insights from the industry in question, and by treating management control from a wider perspective a field previously untouched in the literature has been filled regarding management control in R&D- organizations. Furthermore, the concept of innovation management is touched upon, to contribute with valuable insights regarding the impact of the management control on the innovative capabilities of the company. This study has shown that the organisation structure, cultural controls, action planning and non- financial measurement systems are the most prominent types of control in the studied organisation. There are also long range planning and established procedures present to serve as guidance, but weak awareness of long-term strategies and uncertainties in standardised procedures make these types control less effective. Furthermore, budgets and monetary compensations seemed to have no controlling effects. The performance measurement system in place has a strong focus towards project deliveries and internal processes, and its purpose is mainly diagnostic. The result contrasts with previous studies, which have shown that the performance measurement systems more often monitor customer value and internal development. A decomposition of the strategies within the studied organisation and a matching with the identified control systems showed that other types of control, such as organisation structure and culture, served a more significant part in fulfilling the long-term strategies. By highlighting weaknesses regarding the control system within the studied organisation, this study could help the case company to identify potential areas for improvement. The study also presents a broader perspective of management control systems within R&D, and since the case company has been very successful throughout the years this could serve as inspiration for other companies looking to implement a control system.

Bakgrund: Något som blivit mycket aktuellt i och med Covid-19 är distansarbete. Distansarbetehar ökat under flera år, mycket tack vare teknologisk utveckling. Men när Folkhälsomyndighetensrekommendationer kom att man skulle begränsa sina sociala kontakter var det hela arbetsplatsersom ställde om till distansarbete. Styrning är en vital del av en organisation som kan främja bådemedgång och motgång. Styrningen måste dessutom anpassas till sin omvärld, vilket ändradesdrastiskt i och med det påtvingade distansarbetet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga hur styrningen av kunskapsintensiva organisationer harpåverkats av påtvingat distansarbete och skapa förståelse för hur chefer hanterar dennaomställning. Genomförande: Studien har genomförts med kvalitativ metod och en abduktiv ansats. Empiriskadata är insamlad genom 5 intervjuer över Teams och 4 mailkompletteringar med sammarespondenter. Respondenterna är chefer i kunskapsintensiva organisationer som vi i tidigareyrkesroller har haft kontakt med. Det har även tagits fram en teoretisk referensram som skall bistådet empiriska materialet att svara på forskningsfrågorna. Slutsats: Till att börja med har vi upplevt att samtliga respondenter haft ett väletableratkultursystem som har hjälpt dem genom distansarbetet. Ett väletablerat kultursystem innebär ävenatt organisationerna haft en hög tillit till sina medarbetare vilket enligt Baruch (2000) är enavgörande faktor för distansarbete. Detta då tillit är en nödvändig faktor för att respondenternaskall kunna låta medarbetarna styra sig själva i större utsträckning. Vi ser även att respondenternahar arbetat reaktivt med svårigheter som uppkommit i och med distansarbetet. Detta har de kunnatgöra på grund av organisationernas interaktiva arbetssätt. De små organisationerna har haft flermöten för att kompensera för bristande kommunikation vid distansarbete. Medan de störreorganisationerna fått göra större förändringar i sina organisationer. / Background: Remote work has been all but unnoticed during the Covid-19 pandemic. Remotework is a growing phenomenon, thanks to technological advancement during the last decade.When Sweden's public health authority recommended that people should limit their socialengagements, organisations were fast to get their worker’s home. Management Control inorganisations is a vital part for success. The management control systems also must fit into itssurroundings, which dramatically changed with the forced distance work. Purpose: To map how management control in knowledge intensive organisations have beenaffected by forced distance work and increase understanding for how leaders have managed thatconversion. Methodology: The study is qualitative, with an abductive approach. The empirical data wascollected through five semi-structured interviews and four e-mail conversations with the samerespondents. The respondents are five leaders from knowledge intensive organisations.Additionally, we have created a theoretical framework to support the empirical data in answeringthe research questions. Conclusion: The respondents has had strong cultural systems to help them through the remotework situation. A strong cultural system also means that the respondents trust for their employeeshas been high. Which in turn is a meaningful factor the respondents to be able to let their employeesbe able to self-govern themself during remote work. We have also seen the respondents workingreactively to solve problems that have occurred during remote work. They have been able toaccomplish this much thanks to their ability to work interactively with each other. The smallorganisations have had more meetings to compensate for flawed communications in the start ofremote working. Whereas the larger organisations have had to make bigger organisational changes.

This is a thesis about anti-paternalism – the liberal doctrine that we may not interfere with a person’s liberty for her own good. Empirical circumstances and moral values may certainly give us reason to avoid benevolent interference. Anti-paternalism as a normative doctrine should, however, be rejected. Essay I concerns the definitions of paternalism and anti-paternalism. It is argued that only a definition of paternalism in terms of compound reason-actions can accommodate its special moral properties. Definitions in terms of actions, common in the literature, cannot. It is argued, furthermore, that in specifying the reason-actions in further detail, the notion of what is self-regarding, as opposed to other-regarding, is irrelevant, contrary to received opinion. Essay II starts out with the definition of paternalism defended in essay I and claims that however this very general definition is specified, anti-paternalism is unreasonable and should be rejected. Anti-paternalism is the position that certain reasons – referring one way or the other to the good of a person, give no valid normative support to certain actions – some kind of interferences with the same person. Since the reasons in question are normally quite legitimate and important reasons for action, a convincing argument for anti-paternalism must explain why they are invalid in cases of interference. A closer look at the reasons and actions in question provides no basis for such an explanation. Essay III considers a concrete case of benevolent interference – the withholding of information concerning uncertain threats to public health in the public’s best interest. Such a policy has been suggested in relation to the European Commission’s proposed new system for the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH). Information about uncertain threats to health from chemicals would allegedly spread anxiety and depression and thus do more harm than good. The avoidance of negative health effects is accepted as a legitimate and good reason for withholding of information, thus respecting the conclusion of essay II, that anti-paternalism should be rejected. Other reasons, however, tip the balance in favour of making the information available. These reasons include the net effects on knowledge, psychological effects, effects on private decisions and effects on political decisions. / QC 20101115

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine how Management Control Systems (MCS) impact Diversification Strategy Processes (DSP) in diversified firms. Method: A qualitative research method was used where five different profiled managers participated in the research. The interviews were semi-structured and secondary data were used together with the findings where secondary data was available. Thematic analysis was used throughout the data analysis. Conclusion: The results are inconclusive regarding the impact of the Belief, Interactive, and Diagnostic Controls on the Initiation, Searching, and Execution Stage of DSP. The findings are, however, consistent with the impact of Boundary Controls on the Initiation, Searching, and Execution Stage of DSP. Research Limitations: This research has not differentiated between different types of diversification strategies and their processes. Small, medium, and large firms have not been separated throughout the research. The sample size of the data collection was small, making the results not generalizable.

<p>This thesis presents the results of a study exploring the health status and health determinants in two farming groups in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Old Order Mennonites (OOMs) and non-OOM farmers. Physical health and mental health are examined, and Canada’s 12 health determinants (excluding genetics) are included in the analysis. A survey was distributed to both groups in 2010 to obtain information on health status and determinants. Comparing the two groups reduces the likely impact of contextual features impacting both, such as local economic conditions. The mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) of the SF-12 were used to measure mental and physical health. The study compares health in the two populations, and uses ordinary least squares (multiple) regression to determine the relative importance of the determinants in shaping health. The study found that mental health is better in OOMs, mainly due to OOM women’s strong mental health. Physical health was worse in OOMs, and while true for both genders, OOM women appear to be particularly disadvantaged. There is overlap between the groups in the determinants shaping physical and mental health. In both groups, mental health is shaped by social interaction, stress and coping; and physical health by age, childhood disease history, coping and body mass index. This suggests these factors may be important across many populations facing different life circumstances, thus representing priorities for policy action. Interestingly, the key determinants shaping physical health in both groups do not include social factors such as social capital, although social factors do shape mental health (especially in OOMs). This may be due to the rural or farming status of the two groups, or differences between physical and mental health. Determining which is more likely requires reconciling the results of this study with others, an effort hampered by differences in models, methods and health outcomes employed.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la variabilité de la relation mass-diamètre (m(D)) des hydrométéores en phase glace présents dans les systèmes convectif de moyenne échelle (MCS). Elle s’appuie sur une base de données acquise pour 4 types de MCS différents durant 4 campagnes de mesure aéroportée : (i) MCS de la mousson Africaine (Continent ; MT2010), (ii) MCS de l’océan Indien (MT2011), (iii) MCS de la Méditerranée (côtes ; HyMeX), (iv) MCS de la mousson Nord-Australienne (côtes ; HAIC-HIWC). La relation m(D) est calculée à partir de l’analyse combinée des images des hydrométéores enregistrées par les sondes optiques et les facteurs de réflectivité mesurés à l’aide d’un radar Doppler embarqués sur le même avion de recherche. Il est d’usage que la relation m(D) des hydrométéores soit représentée par une loi puissance (avec un pré-facteur et un exposant), qui doit être contrainte par des informations supplémentaires sur les hydrométéores. Une étude théorique sur les formes des hydrométéores à l’aide de simulations en 3 dimensions dans lesquelles les hydrométéores sont orientés aléatoirement et projeté sur un plan, permet de contraindre l’exposant β de la relation m(D) en fonction de l’exposant σ de la relation surface-diamètre (S(D)). La relation S(D) est aussi représentée par une loi puissance, et elle peut-être calculée pour une population d’images d’hydrométéores enregistrés par les sondes optiques. La variabilité de l’exposant est finalement calculée à partir de la variabilité de l’exposant σ déduis des images des hydrométéores. Ensuite le pré-facteur α est calculé à partir de simulations des facteurs de réflectivité, de sorte que les facteurs de réflectivité simulés soient égaux aux facteurs de réflectivité mesurés par le radar nuage le long de la trajectoire de l’avion dans les MCS. Des profils moyens en fonction de la température sont calculés pour les coefficients de la relation m(D), les distributions en tailles des hydrométéores et les contenus massiques de glace dans les MCS (CWC). Les profils moyens pour les quatre types de MCS sont différents les uns des autres. Pour les quatre types de MCS, il est montré que les variations des coefficients de la relation m(D) sont corrélées avec les variations de la température. Four types de paramétrisations de la relation m(D) sont calculées depuis l’analyses des variations des coefficients de la relation m(D). Le bénéfice apporté par l’utilisation de relation m(D) non constante contrairement à l’utilisation de relation m(D) avec α et β constant, est démontré en étudiant l’impact de toutes les paramétrisations de la relation m(D) sur le calcul des relations Z-CWC et Z-CWC-T. / This study focuses on the variability of mass-diameter relationships (m(D)) and shape of ice hydrometeors in Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS). It bases on data base which were recorded during four airborne measurement campaigns: (i) African monsoon’s MCS (continent; MT2010), (ii) Indian Ocean’s MCS (MT2011), (iii) Mediterranean’s MCS (costs; HyMeX), (iv) North-Australian monsoon’s MCS (costs; HAIC-HIWC). m(D) of ice hydrometeors are derived from a combined analysis of particle images from 2D-array probes and associated reflectivity factors measured with a Doppler cloud radar on the same research aircraft. Usually, m(D) is formulated as a power law (with one pre-factor and one exponent) that need to be constrained from complementary information on hydrometeors. A theoretical study of numerous hydrometeor shapes simulated in 3D and arbitrarily projected on a 2D plan allowed to constrain the exponent β of the m(D) relationship from the exponent σ of the surface-diameter S(D) relationship, which is likewise written as a power law. Since S(D) always can be determined for real data from 2D optical array probes or other particle imagers, the evolution of the m(D) exponent can be calculated. After that, the pre-factor α of m(D) is constrained from theoretical simulations of the radar reflectivity factor matching the measured reflectivity factor along the aircraft trajectory. Mean profiles of m(D) coefficients, particles size distributions and Condensed Water Content (CWC) are calculated in functions of the temperature, and are different for each type of MCS. For the four types of MCS, it is shown that the variability of m(D) coefficients is correlated with the variability of the temperature. Four types of m(D) parametrisations are calculated since the analysis of the variability of the m(D) coefficients. The significant benefit of using variable m(D) relations instead of a single m(D) relationship is demonstrated from the impact of all these m(D) relations on Z-CWC and Z-CWC-T fitted parametrisations.

Technology nowadays is evolving at rates that surpass anything imagination could perceive and it certainly affects every public or private enterprise. Well, according to this topic, I’m suggesting the improvement of the communications network of the Regional Government of Lima based on an integrated data and voice platform which includes a Cisco Centralized IP Telephony solution, called Cisco Unified Communications Manager 7.0, that works as a main element in order to achieve meaningful and complete management of internal and external telephone calls within MPLS Networks. Regional Government of Lima has been chosen because of its importance related to the economic activities of the population and the support that could be brought by an institution which could make success and generate productivity about rapid administrative processes . The thesis is divided into distinct chapters that make up the context of the investigation which involves network planning and design as an iterative process, encompassing topological design, network realization, IT asset sourcing and operations planning. For this purpose, information about the old and non sophisticated network status was raised. Costs and more details such as hardware and software features and more ways to make this network work so much better, with all the resources at its disposal, will be found on this whole solution

<p>This is a thesis about anti-paternalism – the liberal doctrine that we may not interfere with a person’s liberty for her own good. Empirical circumstances and moral values may certainly give us reason to avoid benevolent interference. Anti-paternalism as a normative doctrine should, however, be rejected.</p><p><em>Essay I</em> concerns the definitions of paternalism and anti-paternalism. It is argued that only a definition of paternalism in terms of compound reason-actions can accommodate its special moral properties. Definitions in terms of actions, common in the literature, cannot. It is argued, furthermore, that in specifying the reason-actions in further detail, the notion of what is self-regarding, as opposed to other-regarding, is irrelevant, contrary to received opinion.</p><p><em>Essay II </em>starts out with the definition of paternalism defended in essay I and claims that however this very general definition is specified, anti-paternalism is unreasonable and should be rejected. Anti-paternalism is the position that certain reasons – referring one way or the other to the good of a person, give no valid normative support to certain actions – some kind of interferences with the same person. Since the reasons in question are normally quite legitimate and important reasons for action, a convincing argument for anti-paternalism must explain why they are invalid in cases of interference. A closer look at the reasons and actions in question provides no basis for such an explanation.</p><p><em>Essay III</em> considers a concrete case of benevolent interference – the withholding of information concerning uncertain threats to public health in the public’s best interest. Such a policy has been suggested in relation to the European Commission’s proposed new system for the<em> R</em>egistration, <em>E</em>valuation, and <em>A</em>uthorisation of <em>Ch</em>emicals (REACH). Information about uncertain threats to health from chemicals would allegedly spread anxiety and depression and thus do more harm than good. The avoidance of negative health effects is accepted as a legitimate and good reason for withholding of information, thus respecting the conclusion of essay II, that anti-paternalism should be rejected. Other reasons, however, tip the balance in favour of making the information available. These reasons include the net effects on knowledge, psychological effects, effects on private decisions and effects on political decisions.</p>

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