Cette recherche s'articule autour du rituel du mariage chez les Ait Soukhmanes. Il s'agit de voir comment évoluent la pratique et l'oralité dans une communauté en pleine mutation. Le cérémonial est présenté dans son contexte global, et ses constituants sont analysés et interprétés en fonction des micro et macrocontextes. Les chants rituels collectés en contexte de performance en deux périodes différentes ont fait l'objet d'une étude détaillée en référence aux approches ethnolinguistique et herméneutique. L'analyse thématique a permis d'identifier les actes de paroles exprimés, de relever et de développer les thèmes et les croyances transversaux. L'approche littéraire s'est focalisée sur les procédés stylistiques récurrents. A travers les représentations que ces chants véhiculent, le rapport entre le texte et le contexte global est établi, le portrait de la femme idéale brossé et le sens de l'honneur dégagé. Ensuite, ont été mis en exergue les différents facteurs qui influent sur la pratique rituelle. Le constat est que les croyances et les représentations sont plus résistantes que les pratiques qui s'adaptent au mode de vie tout en subissant des influences extérieures. Quant à la conscience identitaire, elle a été traitée dans le cadre de la globalisation où la culture, en particulier les expressions artistiques, sont un lieu de négociation, de résistance, d'affirmation ou d'aliénation. Mais les outils et les mesures prises pour la préservation et la dynamisation de l'oralité ne peuvent pas remplacer l'oralité primaire dans son rôle social et identitaire. La question est comment lui assurer les conditions de survie au sein du groupe. / This research approaches marriage ceremony among the Ait Soukhmanes by investigating how this practice and related oral literature evolve amid deep social and cultural modifications. The ceremony is presented in its global context and its constituents are analyzed and interpreted according to micro and macro contexts. The study focuses on the comparison of songs collected in their context of ritual performance in two different periods of time. The songs are analyzed with reference to the ethnolinguistic and hermeneutic approaches. The thematic analysis makes it possible to identify the link between act and spoken word in the performance as well as cross-cutting themes and beliefs. The literary approach has focused on the recurring stylistic processes of the songs. The relationship between the text and the overall context is established through the representations that these songs convey, such as the image of the ideal woman and the sense of honor. In the second part, the different factors influencing ritual practice and festive groups are highlighted. The conclusion is that beliefs and representations are more resistant than practices, these latter adapting to the way of life while undergoing external influences. The process of identity construction has been treated in the context of globalization where culture, especially artistic expressions, are a place of negotiation, resistance, affirmation and/or alienation. However, we see that the policies adopted to revitalize orality do not replace the primary orality which is preserved only when it is present in the community life. The open question remains how we can assure the conditions of the survival of oral literature.

Esta pesquisa tem como problema de investigação o sentido de vida na adolescência. E os objetivos a alcançar foram: discutir questões atuais relativas à adolescência; analisar questões centrais da Logoterapia, propostas por Viktor Frankl; e investigar empiricamente o sentido de vida na adolescência. Na pesquisa ex post facto realizada, foram submetidas à corroboração cinco conjecturas, relacionando adolescência, sexo, orientação confessional da escola e sentido de vida. Os participantes foram 230 alunos, cuja idade variou de 16 a 18 anos, sendo 91 do sexo masculino e 139 do sexo feminino, todos eles matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas do Ensino Médio da cidade de Petrópolis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram selecionadas duas escolas públicas, uma estadual e uma municipal, além de quatro escolas privadas, sendo duas leigas e duas confessionais, que atendem alunos de classe sócio-econômica diferenciada. Utilizamos o Logo-Teste, originalmente elaborado por Elizabeth Lukas, como instrumento de medida do sentido de vida dos participantes. Das cinco conjecturas testadas, duas foram corroboradas: a de que não há diferença significativa no sentido de vida entre adolescentes do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino e a de que não há diferença significativa no sentido de vida entre adolescentes de escolas públicas e particulares leigas. Além disso, observou-se que as médias obtidas por todos os grupos de participantes situam-se na faixa da estabilidade psíquica, sem riscos de ocorrência de neurose noógena ou depressão noógena. / This research aims at investigating the meaning of life in the adolescence. And the objectives to be achieved were: to discuss present questions relative to adolescence; to analyse core questions of Logotherapy, proposed by Viktor Frankl, and to investigate empirically the meaning of life in adolescence. In the research made ex post facto, five conjectures have been submitted to corroboration, relative to adolescence, sex, school confessional orientation, and the meaning of life. The participants were 230 students aged between 16 and 18, of those 91 males and 139 females, all of them attending public and private high schools in the city of Petropolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two public schools have been selected, one belonging to the state and the other to the municipality and also four private schools, two laic and two confessional private high schools which cater for students belonging to middle class and the upper middle class. We have used the Logo-test, originally devised by Elizabeth Lucas, as an instrument for measuring the meaning of life of the participants. Of the five conjectures that have been tested, two have been corroborated: the fact that there is no significant difference among male and female adolescents, and that there is no significant difference in the meaning of life among adolescents attending public schools and private laic schools. Furthermore it has been observed that the average marks obtained by all groups of participants belong to the rank of psychic stability, without any risk of noogenous neurosis or noogenous depression.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O objetivo desta tese consistiu em saber se os sentidos compartilhados e os significados construídos sobre o choro das crianças nas creches públicas do município de Juiz de Fora, durante as sessões reflexivas com as coordenadoras/diretoras, produzem espaços de reflexão teórica sobre as práticas capazes de criar uma prática de reflexão. Pelo tipo de problema formulado optei por trabalhar a perspectiva metodológica a partir do paradigma crítico de pesquisa, concretizado na modalidade de pesquisa crítica de colaboração, com enfoque sócio-histórico-cultural. Isto se justifica porque busco compreender o lugar do choro das crianças nas práticas das coordenadoras/diretoras, procurando identificar se a consciência das ações institucionalizadas pode produzir mudanças nas práticas no interior das creches. O corpus discurso da tese constitui-se de 10 sessões reflexivas, cujos dados produzidos foram organizados e analisados a partir da perspectiva teórico-metodológica dos Núcleos de Significação de Aguiar e Ozella (2006). O campo teórico está circunscrito no diálogo entre Vigotski, Bakhtin e Wallon. Isso porque estes autores contribuíram, sobremaneira, para a discussão sobre sentido, significado; linguagem e consciência, zona de desenvolvimento proximal, além do estudo da emoção, em especial, sobre a manifestação do choro da criança no contexto da creche. A arquitetura dos Núcleos de Significação revelou a necessidade de aprofundar questões relacionadas aos diversos olhares para o choro da criança; estratégias para lidar com o choro a partir da visão das coordenadoras/diretoras; o controle/descontrole/não controle do choro; a inter-relação do choro, da creche e da família e, finalmente, a reflexão teórico-prática como possibilidade de reverberação no cotidiano da creche. As análises confirmaram três premissas básicas: a) que a emoção constitui-se como o primeiro recurso de interação com o outro, que antecede a própria representação simbólica e por isso é valioso o aprofundamento deste assunto em cursos de formação; b) quando tornamos a cena vivida mais clara, essa clareza pode trazer elementos para outras possíveis intervenções, para outros possíveis diálogos sobre o choro da criança. A perspectiva de transformação pode acontecer exatamente no diálogo entre o cotidiano, a história e espaços de reflexão; c) que o fundamental, nos contextos de formação, é não focalizar apenas o conteúdo a ser transmitido sem possibilidade de reflexão sobre o próprio contexto a que se destina porque é pelo possível distanciamento e necessário estranhamento das práticas rotineiras, esporadicamente ou quase nunca questionadas, que a reflexão e a crítica se estabelecem. / The objective of this thesis is to find out whether shared feelings and constructed meanings for childrens crying in public nursery schools of the city of Juiz de Fora, during reflection sessions with coordinators/principals, produce theoretical reflection spaces on practices that may create a reflection practice. Based on the type of problem formulated, I chose to work the methodological perspective from a critical research paradigm achieved in the critical collaboration research modality with a social-historical-cultural focus. This is justified by the fact that I seek to understand the place childrens crying occupies in the practices of coordinators/principals, and try to identify if awareness of institutionalized actions can produce changes in a nursery schools internal practices. The thesis discourse corpus consists of 10 reflecting sessions; all resulting data was organized and reviewed from the Aguiar and Ozella (2006) Signification Nuclei theoretical-methodological perspective. The theoretical field is included in the dialogue among Vigotski, Bakhtin, and Wallon. This is because these authors have immensely contributed to the discussion on meaning, significance, language and conscience, the proximal development zone, as well as the study of emotion, especially on the manifestation of childrens crying in the context of a nursery school. The Signification Nuclei architecture revealed the necessity to go deeper into these questions relating to the different outlooks on childrens crying; strategies to deal with the crying from the view of coordinators/principals; the control/uncontrol/non-control of crying; the interrelation of crying, nursery school, and family, and finally the theoretical-practical reflection as a possibility to reverberate in a nursery schools everyday life. Analyses confirmed three basic premises: a) that emotion constitutes the first interaction resource with the other, which antecedes the symbolic representation itself and therefore it is of great value to go deeper into this subject in educational courses; b) that when we make the experienced scene clearer, this clearness can bring elements for other possible interventions, for other possible dialogues on childrens crying. The transformation perspective can happen exactly in the dialogue between everyday life, history and reflection spaces; c) that the fundamental aspect, in the context of education, is not to focus only on the context to be transmitted without the possibility of reflection on the target context itself, because it is through the potential withdrawal from and necessary strangeness of routine practices, sporadically or almost never questioned, that reflection and critique are established.

La lingüística formal solo es posible si realiza un programa de tres exclusiones: la exclusión de la referencia, de la diacronía y del Sujeto. El primero en abrazar este programa fue Saussure y, luego, las diferentes versiones del estructuralismo lo siguieron. Sin embargo, quiero sugerir aquí que una cuarta exclusión es indispensable para entender las teorías que emergen en los límites del estructuralismo (el hiper estructuralismo de Lacan/ Milner) como el programa biologizante del Minimalismo chomskiano y los intentos absolutizantes de Q. Meillassoux: la exclusión del significado. / Formal linguistics is posible only if a program of three exclusions is put into place: exclusion of reference, diachrony and the Subject. The first one to embrace this program was Saussure and then, the different versions of structuralism followed suite. However, I would like to suggest here that a fourth exclusion is needed in order to understand theories that emerge in the outer limits of structuralism (Lacan/Milner’s hyper-structuralism), Chomsky’s biologizing proyect and Q. Meillassoux’s absolutizing attempts: the exclusion of meaning.

abstract: The purpose of this research was to assess the condition of the human/building interface at sidewalk level by reframing our view of contemporary architecture using Google Street View images. In particular, the goal was to find a means by which aesthetic engagement in the urban cultural ecology could be measured. Photo-elicitation, semantic differential, and visual assessment methods were adapted and combined to develop a photo-semantic assessment survey instrument for this study aimed at evaluating respondent preference for building images. Architectural adjective usage amongst 14 graduate students was surveyed, and the resulting 175-word list was synthesized down to seven positive and seven negative adjectives. Eleven representative buildings were selected from the Phaidon Atlas of 21st Century World Architecture, and photographic Street Views were created. The photo-semantic assessment survey instrument was administered to 62 graduate students given their demographic is reasonably similar to the urban walker stakeholder in the outcome. Respondent preference for the building images was then ranked ordered and correlations were run against various image factors including facade complexity, transparency, and streetscape quality. Moderate to strong correlations between preference and several image factors were observed indicating that certain building design factors, particularly facade complexity, may play a predictable role. Several avenues for future research are suggested including the comparison of lab versus on-site respondents; the comparison of user types including targeted, passerby and tourist; the effect of skyline on user preference for Street Views; and the effect of participation in the building making process on short and long term respondent preference. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Architecture 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a connection between language and social identity in the perception of word meaning among second language learners in the same way as for native speakers, and if the sociolinguistic variable age is significant. This was done with an investigation of two generations of Swedish learners' perception of the meaning of the words 'respect', 'integrity' and 'communication'. The investigation showed that age is important to a certain extent regarding interpreting words and their meaning, but that it is not as important if the speaker has English as their mother tongue or as their second language.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A dissertaÃÃo trata do problema dos nomes prÃprios Ela se divide em duas partes Na primeira as teorias de Frege Russell Searle e Kripke sÃo examinadas de forma analÃtica e crÃtica Na segunda trato de forma sistemÃtica meu tema Procurei introduzir uma descriÃÃo definida que possui o mesmo comportamento semÃntico dos respectivos nomes prÃprios mas mantendo os aspectos fundamentais da teoria de Kripke acerca dos nomes prÃprios / My work is divided in two parts First I explain the theories (about proper names) of Frege Russell Searle and Kripke Second my approach is more systematical I wanted to introduce a definite description that it has the same behavior semantic of the proper name (co-extensional with the definite description) However I pretended to maintain the fundamental aspects of the theory of Kripke about the proper names

A lacuna existente na compreensão das repercussões do câncer de mama feminino para casais que vivenciaram esse processo motivou a realização deste estudo, que objetivou compreender os sentidos para o câncer de mama feminino entre casais que permaneceram unidos na vivência dessa enfermidade, por meio do referencial teórico do construcionismo social. Os dados foram coletados numa amostra de sete casais entrevistados separadamente, em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a utilização do diário de campo. A partir disso, foram identificadas três grandes temáticas referentes aos sentidos do câncer e da conjugalidade. Os sentidos do câncer foram agrupados no item vivência da doença, que contém os temas: confirmação da doença e fase do tratamento, esta subdividida nos seguintes sub-temas: a) ficando mais em casa; b) conversando omitindo a doença; c) transportando as esposas; d) cuidado fornecido por outras mulheres; e) realização do serviço doméstico: terceirizado; f) sexualidade: afastamento. E os sentidos da conjugalidade foram agrupados na temática ser marido e ser esposa. Essas temáticas emergiram dos discursos dos entrevistados ancorados na história do câncer e na moral do modelo de conjugalidade tradicional. O câncer foi associado a uma doença com sentidos de provação e morte, que despertou nos participantes sentimentos de revolta e ansiedade e a relação com Deus. Além disso, o compromisso assumido no casamento e a não revelação dos sentimentos mais íntimos experimentados por eles em relação ao câncer de mama, possibilitou a manutenção do laço conjugal em meio à experiência dolorosa da doença. Diante disso, sugere-se a relevância da assistência interdisciplinar com o intuito de desconstruir a negatividade associada ao câncer, bem como a reflexão sobre a relevância do discurso religioso como ferramenta do cuidado assistencial a essa população. / The existent gap in the comprehension of repercussions of the feminine breast cancer for couples that lived this process motivated the accomplishment of this study, which aimed to understand the meanings for the feminine breast cancer among couples that stayed united in living of this illness, through the social construction theory. The data were collected in a sample of seven couples interviewed separately, in semi-structured interviews with the use of field notes. From this, were identified three thematic related to the meanings of cancer and related to couples\' life. The meanings of cancer were gathered in disease living item that has these themes: disease confirmation and phase of treatment. The phase of treatment was subdivided in the following sub-themes: a) staying more at home; b) talking omitting the disease; c) transporting the wives; d) care supplied by other women; e) accomplishment of the domestic service: servant; f) sexuality: stand back. And the meanings of couples\' life were gathered at the thematic to be husband and to be wife. These thematic emerged of the interviewees\' speeches anchored in the history of cancer and in the moral of traditional couples\' life model. The cancer was associated it a disease with meanings of probation and death, that emerged in the participants feelings of revolt and anxiety in relation with God. Besides, the commitment assumed in the marriage and the non revelation of the most intimate feelings experienced by them in relation to breast cancer, it made possible the maintenance of the matrimonial bow amid the painful experience of the disease. Before this, it is suggested the importance of interdisciplinary assistance with the intention to construct different meanings than negativity of cancer, as well as the reflection of the importance of the religious discourse as a tool in the care of this population.

As informações que circulam nas mídias produzem significação ao se materializarem como narrativas, constituindo a rede midiática que se perfaz como troca simbólica, ou seja, em um mecanismo de oferta/demanda que se dá de forma indireta. A base da reflexão é o conceito de troca simbólica formulado por Lévi-Strauss, para quem os seres humanos instituem-se como seres culturais pois estabelecem relações mútuas ao comunicarem-se entre si por trocas que só podem ser apreendidas em um processo metafórico/simbólico, e não por relações diretas, de coisas em si mesmas. Trata-se aqui de repensar a questão da informação inserida no panorama midiático atual. Considera-se para isso tanto sua inerente configuração narrativa, quanto sua ordenação significante, tendo como referências teóricas as discussões advindas da área das ciências da linguagem, em especial as contribuições de Jacques Lacan, em psicanálise, e de Claude Lévi- Strauss, em antropologia, além da referência a Ferdinand de Saussure, considerado fundador da lingüística moderna. / The information that goes around in the media produces meaning as it comes together into narratives, composing a media net that constitutes itself as symbolic exchange, an offer/demand mechanism that happens in an indirect way. This reflection is based on the concept of symbolic exchange coined by Lévi-Strauss, according to whom human beings become cultural beings because they establish mutual relations by communicating with one another through exchanges that can only be conceived in a metaphorical/symbolical process, and not through direct relations. The point here is thinking over the matter of information inserted in the current media field, considering both its inherent narrative configuration and its significant ordination. This paper has as theoretical references the contributions from the area of language science, mainly the works of Jacques Lacan, in psychoanalysis, and Claude Lévi-Strauss, in anthropology, besides the reference to Ferdinand de Saussure, considered the creator of modern linguistics.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a maneira como a indústria automobilística brasileira tem abordado a sustentabilidade ambiental nos seus discursos publicitários. A iniciativa de lançar o olhar sobre tal dimensão da comunicação das marcas foi motivada, particularmente, pelos sentidos antagônicos projetados pelo bem automóvel na sociedade contemporânea. Por um lado, admirado como meio de transporte e mobilidade, e viabilizador de variadas expressões identitárias. E, por outro, criticado como ícone de um modo de vida baseado na cultura do excesso, que tem demandado a utilização insustentável de recursos naturais do planeta, tendo como um de seus resultados a produção de variados tipos de gases poluentes responsáveis pelo aquecimento global. O método adotado foi o da pesquisa bibliográfica combinada com a análise semiótica, de orientação peirceana, dos anúncios publicitários das marcas Fiat, Volkswagen, Chevrolet (GM) e Toyota veiculados na revista Veja no período de junho de 2008 a junho de 2011. Para maior alcance da observação, realizou-se a articulação do conhecimento adquirido por meio da leitura de vasto conteúdo científico sobre o mundo contemporâneo, o consumo, a publicidade e a sustentabilidade com a metodologia semiótica. O procedimento permitiu uma inserção aprofundada nos conteúdos dos anúncios das marcas da amostra para, dessa maneira, revelar as expressões sígnicas e os efeitos potenciais de sentido mais consistentemente projetados. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para um cenário ainda em formação em que as marcas se esforçam para projetar sentidos relacionados ao respeito ao meio ambiente em um tipo de tradução restrita do conceito de sustentabilidade. Como consequência a publicidade das marcas apresentou-se refém de abordagens repetidas, circunscritas em uma estreita faixa discursiva, na tentativa de atender tanto às cobranças por engajamento à luta pela preservação do planeta, quanto preservar os seus modelos de negócios. As observações do estudo propõem, adicionalmente, reflexões importantes sobre a assimilação da sustentabilidade ambiental que podem ser extrapoladas para outras dimensões da vida contemporânea / This research aims to study how the brazilian automotive industry has addressed environmental sustainability in its advertisements speech. The initiative to gaze upon such a dimension of brand communication was prompted, particularly, by the antagonistic sense projected by automobile goods in contemporary society. On the one hand, admired as a mean of transportation and mobility, and facilitator of various expressions of identity. And, on the other hand, criticized as an icon of a way of life based on the culture of excess, which has demanded the unsustainable use of natural resources of the planet, having, as one of its results, the production of various types of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. The Pierce oriented semiotic analysis methodology was adopted to study the advertisements of the brands Fiat, Volkswagen, Chevrolet (GM) and Toyota ran in Veja magazine from June 2008 to June 2011. To expand the range of observation, semiotic methodology was articulated with the knowledge gained through extensive reading of scientific content on the contemporary world, consumption, advertising and sustainability. The procedure allowed a deeper insertion on the content of the advertisements of the selected brands, thus revealing the expressions of signs and the potential effects of meaning more consistently casted. The research results point to a scenario in formation, where brands strive to project meanings related to respect for the environment in a restricted translation of the concept of sustainability. As a result, the advertising of the selected brands presented itself hostage of repeated approaches, circumscribed within a narrow discursive range, on the attempt to meet both the pressure to engage in the fight to preserve the planet and the wish to preserve their business models. The observations of the study suggest, in addition, important thoughts on the uptake of environmental sustainability that can be extrapolated to other dimensions of contemporary life.