Submitted by Miriam Lucas (miriam.lucas@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-31T19:26:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Samuel_Cabanha_2017.pdf: 5012480 bytes, checksum: c55abddfba3c30323bb891b7de55fff4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T19:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Samuel_Cabanha_2017.pdf: 5012480 bytes, checksum: c55abddfba3c30323bb891b7de55fff4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / This study deals with some elements of Portuguese immigration in Foz do Iguaçu from 1957 to 2016. It explores the memories and travels of experiences of two Portuguese immigrants in Foz do Iguaçu, in order to show how the memories surfaced in the interview narrated to the city and To your sample group. The methodology adopted was the qualitative research, following theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Oral History, and the data collection consisted of classic documentary research, and partial use of oral sources through interviews and printed sources (photographs, Newspaper articles, websites and a court case). Briefly, the theory framework revolves around discussions that involve concepts related to immigration, memory, and identity, showing how Portuguese memories that surfaced in the interviews and in the group's activities act as identity markers. As a result, the study reconstructs some details of the travel, the daily life, the material life of the deponents and the group of Portuguese immigrants in Foz do Iguaçu. In this way, it demonstrates how the identity of the group was influential so that they built for themselves a place of memory "The House of Portugal", and leaves some crumbs that tell a little of the comings and goings of the Portuguese community in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu. In this sense, research on the Portuguese community in Foz do Iguaçu impacts the studies on multiculturalism in the region, and serves as a fundation and opening for future studies. / Este estudo aborda alguns elementos da imigração portuguesa em Foz do Iguaçu no período de 1957 a 2016. Explora as memórias e as trajetórias de vivências de dois imigrantes portugueses em Foz do Iguaçu, de modo a evidenciar como as memórias afloradas nas entrevistas narram à cidade e o seu grupo de pertencimento. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, seguindo os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História Oral, sendo que o levantamento dos dados se consistiu na pesquisa documental clássica, e em parte, no uso de fontes orais através de entrevistas e de fontes impressas (fotografias, matérias de jornais, sites e de um processo judicial). De forma sucinta, o arcabouço teórico gira em torno de discussões que envolvem os conceitos ligados à imigração, à memória e à identidade, evidenciando como as memórias portuguesas afloradas nas entrevistas e nos afazeres do grupo atuam como marcadores identitários. Como resultado, o estudo (re)constrói alguns detalhes das trajetórias, do cotidiano, da vida material dos depoentes e do grupo de imigrantes portugueses em Foz do Iguaçu. Dessa forma, demonstra como a identificação do grupo se articulou de modo que edificaram para si um lugar de memória, “a Casa de Portugal”, e deixa algumas migalhas que contam um pouco do vai e vem da comunidade portuguesa no município. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa sobre a comunidade portuguesa em Foz do Iguaçu impacta os estudos sobre multiculturalidade na região, além de servir de pano de fundo e abertura para estudos futuros.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Pinheiro.pdf: 1657065 bytes, checksum: b4d0533d7b1e23239c3dce67f1f5f5c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / This work aims to discuss the memory of former political prisoners and tortured. In the analysis of authors like Michael Pollak and Maurice Halbwachs is notorius agree that the memory is a construction made in this livings from the past, and therefore a reconstruction of the past and not a faithful and reporting of the facts. Looking systematize the memory of former political prisoners, with emphasis on the practice of torture during the dictatorial repression in Brazil. After the effective date of Law 11,255 / 95 created a place of memory for this group register its history and thus promote a confrontation with the official version. The analysis of documents collected by the Special Committee on Compensation implanted under the Law reveals the data obtained by the bureaucracy that determined the surveillance, information collection, arrest, and had as instrumental institutionalization of torture committed by its agents in public buildings. In this scenario, it brings to light the facts and characters in a battle that happened in Brazil and its consequences. It was also possible to establish from the documents, a brief profile of political activists persecuted by repression, public buildings where the military regime undertook its logic, the torture techniques and who were responsible for the implementation of the National Security Policy. Finally, we come across another discourse of national memory, where the former political prisoners overcome the stigma of 'enemies of the fatherland' foisted by the official version and now considered to be 'heroes of the democratic resistance' / Este Trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a memória dos ex-presos políticos e torturados. Na análise de autores como Michel Pollak e Maurice Halbwachs é notória a concordância de que a memória é uma construção feita no presente a partir das vivências do passado, sendo, portanto, uma reconstrução do passado e não um relato fiel dos fatos ocorridos. Procurando sistematizar a memória dos ex-presos políticos, com ênfase na prática da tortura durante a repressão ditatorial no Brasil. A partir da vigência da Lei 11.255/95 criou-se um lugar de memória para que este grupo registrasse a sua história e assim promovesse uma confrontação com a versão oficial. A análise dos documentos reunidos pela Comissão Especial de Indenização implantada por força da Lei revela os dados obtidos pela burocracia que determinava a vigilância, a coleta de informações, a prisão, e que tinha como instrumental a institucionalização da tortura praticada por seus agentes em prédios públicos. Neste cenário, se traz à luz os fatos e personagens de uma batalha que se travou no Brasil e seus desdobramentos. Foi possível ainda estabelecer, a partir dos documentos, um breve perfil dos militantes políticos perseguidos pela repressão, os prédios públicos onde o Regime Militar empreendeu sua lógica, as técnicas de tortura e quem eram os responsáveis pela implantação da política de Segurança Nacional. Por fim, nos deparamos com outro discurso da memória nacional, onde os ex-presos políticos superam o estigma de 'inimigos da pátria' impingido pela versão oficial e passam a ser considerados 'heróis da resistência democrática'

O presente artigo aborda as mobilizações de professoras, materializado nas greves do magistério público estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, no período compreendido entre 1979 a 1990. Para isso foi escolhida a Escola Estadual General Flores da Cunha, em Porto Alegre, entre outros motivos pela sua destacada liderança nas greves do período estudado, nas mobilizações da categoria, tendo como horizonte a efetiva participação das professoras no movimento grevista. A partir desse lugar, a pesquisa elege como principal corpus documental narrativas de memória de professoras da escola em questão que aderiram total ou parcialmente às greves dos anos 1979 e 1990. A metodologia da pesquisa é a História Oral, que foi desenvolvida a partir de entrevistas. Importa dizer que a investigação procura contextualizar as narrativas de memória em suas interfaces com o momento político vivido no país, especialmente, no Rio Grande do Sul. Nesta perspectiva, a abordagem da investigação não perde de vista as transformações ocorridas no magistério público diante de políticas públicas vigentes, destacando o papel do Centro dos Professores do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - CPERS, que agregou o nome de sindicato a partir de 1989. No cruzamento de fontes, busca-se um maior entendimento acerca da temática da pesquisa ao ouvir as narrativas dessas mulheres-professoras, que atuando nas salas de aula, tiveram significativas e até decisiva participação nas greves do magistério A pesquisa se inscreve no campo da História da Educação e tem a História Cultural como vertente teórica. Pretende ouvir as experiências das professoras, a partir de suas memórias e vivências nos momentos de greve, seus silêncios, ou não ditos, procurando entrecruzar suas narrativas com os registros sindicais e notícias da imprensa local. A pesquisa busca conhecer as histórias dessas professoras que, não estando nas lideranças do movimento grevista, atuaram dentro das escolas, nas ruas e acampadas nas praças. Procura compreender seus sentimentos, seu olhar sobre o vivido e o sentido durante as greves. O estudo dialoga com a perspectiva de Michel Foucault sobre os homens infames, aqueles que durante séculos foram esquecidos por uma História que privilegiava as ações de uns, eleitos como merecedores de terem suas vidas narradas, destinando outros a um estado de marginalidade, de anonimato. Através das entrevistas, procuro trazer à tona este passado das greves em que foram sujeitos muitas mulheres-professoras. Esse ato de lembrar, afirma Lucilia de Almeida Neves, insere-se entre as possibilidades múltiplas de registro do passado, elaboração das representações e afirmação de identidades construídas na dinâmica da História. Não perdendo de vista a afirmação de Alistair Thomson, compomos nossas memórias para dar sentido à nossa vida passada e presente. Relembrar, revisitar as memórias atualizando o tempo passado, tornando-o vivo e cheio de significados no presente. / This is a study about the history of education in Rio Grande do Sul materialized in strikes of the state public teaching of Rio Grande do Sul, in the period 1979 to 1997. For this it was chosen the State School General Flores da Cunha, in Porto Alegre, among other reasons for his outstanding leadership in the strikes of the period studied, the mobilizations in the category, having as perspective the effective participation of teachers in the strike movement. From that place, research elected as main corpus documentary narratives school teachers memory in question adhering whole or in part to strikes the years 1979 and 1997. The research methodology is the oral history, which was developed from interviews. It said that the research aims to contextualize the memory narrative in its interface with the political moment lived in the country, especially in Rio Grande do Sul. In this perspective, the research approach to not lose sight of the transformations occurred in the public teaching before prevailing public policies, highlighting the role of the Centro dos Professores do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - CPERS, which added the union name from 1989. At the intersection of sources, we seek a greater understanding of the theme of research on hearing the stories of these women-teachers, who working in the classrooms had significant and even decisive role in the teaching strikes The research is inserted in the field of History of Education and Cultural History as the theoretical branch. The experiences of teachers were heard, from their memories and experiences in times of strike, his silences, or not said, looking for to connect their stories with union records and news from local media. The research seeks to know the stories of teachers who for not being as the strike movement leaders they acted within schools, on the streets and camped in the squares. It try to understand her feelings, her gaze on the lived and felt during the strikes. The study relates to the prospect of Michel Foucault about the infamous men, those who for centuries have been forgotten by history that favored the actions of some, elected as worthy of having their lives narrated, leading others to a state of marginalization, anonymity. Through interviews, I try to bring to light this past strikes on the as subject were many women-teachers. This act of remembering, says Lucilia de Almeida Neves, is inserted between the multiple possibilities past record, working out of representations and affirmation of identities constructed in the dynamics of History. Not losing sight of Alistair Thomson statement, we compose our memories to make sense of our past life and present. Remember, revisit the memories, updating the past, making it alive and full of meaning in the present.

This thesis argues that emotions and memories in a community are essential to shaping a common future. Furthermore, when performed on stage, these memories and emotions create a utopian experience that moves performers and audience members towards a brighter future. The foundation for this thesis is built upon the ideas of utopian performative theories combined with the Asian Ganzhi belief that every sixty years a new cycle of hope begins. This thesis also includes a practical work. I was invited to write and direct a cultural production for the 60th year anniversary celebration of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Taiwan. The practical experience of creating this production and the utopian theories and Ganzhi beliefs interacted throughout the process of creating the production and writing this thesis. These utopian and Ganzhi ideas influenced the production and the production tested the theories. Historical memories of one generation performed by and to the next generation is a way for a community to shape a brighter future together. The performance of the 60th year anniversary celebration was based on the re-creation, restoration and emotional connection of the members of the performing group to the personal historical memories of the previous generation. When the Taiwanese LDS members prepared, rehearsed and performed their cultural celebration in October of 2016, the production shaped a common, brighter future.

Le trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) est un trouble de type anxieux se déclenchant généralement suite à une expérience traumatisante. Des structures cérébrales telles que le cortex préfrontal, l’hippocampe ou encore l’amygdale, appartenant au réseau impliqué dans l’apprentissage et les mémoires émotionnelles, sont particulièrement altérées. Ce réseau étant extrêmement bien conservé au cours de l’évolution, la mise en place et le maintien des mémoires aversives peut être étudiés chez le rongeur par un paradigme pavlovien de peur conditionnée. Notre équipe a identifié une forte expression du transporteur vésiculaire du glutamate, VGLUT3 dans l’amygdale basolatérale (BLA). VGLUT3, comme les autres transporteurs vésiculaires du glutamate (VGLUTs), permet l’internalisation du glutamate dans les vésicules synaptiques. Il se distingue des autres VGLUTs par sa distribution et ses fonctions atypiques. Mes travaux de recherche nous ont permis d’identifier les populations neuronales exprimant VGLUT3 dans la BLA, et de définir son rôle dans les processus de mémoires aversives. La caractérisation anatomique a révélé que : 1/ VGLUT3 est uniquement présent dans une sous-population d’interneurones GABAergiques de la BLA, et 2/ VGLUT3 est exprimé dans les terminaisons cholinergiques et sérotoninergiques de la BLA, permettant d’identifier deux populations de neurones de projections possédant VGLUT3. L’étude du rôle fonctionnel de VGLUT3 a été réalisé par l’utilisation d’une approche génétique couplée à une approche virale pour invalider VGLUT3 dans les terminaisons GABAergiques, sérotoninergiques ou bien cholinergiques. Les souris présentant une inactivation constitutive de VGLUT3 montrent une généralisation au contexte et une extinction rapide. L’inactivation spécifique de VGLUT3 dans la BLA ou dans le cerveau antérieur basal – site d’origine des neurones de projections cholinergiques vers la BLA perturbent également les mémoires aversives, soulignant le rôle spécifique de VGLUT3 dans les réponses modulant la peur à travers sa présence dans l’amygdale basolatérale. Ces nouvelles données permettront de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement et le rôle de VGLUT3 dans les mémoires émotionnelles, et d’explorer son éventuelle implication dans des troubles de l’anxiété tel le TSPT. / Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety-like disorder usually triggered by a traumatic experience. Brain structures such as the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus or the amygdala belonging to the learning and emotional memories network, are particularly affected. As this network is extremely well conserved during evolution, acquisition and consolidation of aversive memories can be studied by a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm in rodents. Our team has identified a strong expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT3 in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). VGLUT3 allows, like all vesicular transporters, neurotransmitter internalization, here the glutamate in synaptic vesicles. VGLUT3 is atypical because of its distribution and its functions. The aim of my work is to identify the neuronal population expressing VGLUT3 in the amygdala as well as its role in processing aversive memories. The anatomical characterisation revealed: 1/ VGLUT3 mRNA in BLA GABAergic interneurons, 2/ VGLUT3 protein in cholinergic and serotoninergic terminals in the BLA, identifying two populations of projecting neurons expressing VGLUT3. To decipher the functional role of VGLUT3, we used viral and genetic approaches to ablate VGLUT3 either in GABAergic, serotoninergic or cholinergic terminals. Mice lacking VGLUT3 constitutively show contextual generalization and rapid extinction. Specific inactivation of VGLUT3 in BLA impairs aversive memories, shedding light on a specific role of VGLUT3 in modulating fear responses through its presence in BLA interneurons. These new data will be discussed in the context of PTSD and would open a new direction for the development of therapeutic treatment.

El objetivo principal de la presente tesis es exponer el conocimiento que tienen las empresas sobre las características y necesidades de los consumidores de la línea “regalos verdes” del sector de decoración y paisajismo en Lima metropolitana para desarrollar su cartera productos. Los regalos verdes forman parte de la oferta actual en el sub sector de decoración y están conformados por terrarios, kokedamas, recuerdos vivos, entre otros. Así mismo, se desprende de la investigación que estos llegaron al Perú como una tendencia de decoración que se relaciona con la realidad de los reducidos espacios para áreas verdes con los que se cuenta en la ciudad de Lima. Las interrogantes de la tesis surgen para exponer el nivel de conocimiento que tienen las empresas actuales sobre las características y necesidades de sus consumidores y conocer cómo esto contribuye al desarrollo de la cartera de productos de regalos verdes ofertada en Lima Metropolitana. Esta tesis es no experimental, con un diseño transeccional o también llamado transversal de tipo exploratorio, cuyo propósito es comenzar a conocer una variable o un conjunto de variables, una comunidad, un contexto, y analizarlo en un momento específico, dado que se trata de un problema de investigación nuevo o poco conocido. Por ello, nuestra investigación puede constituir un precedente en la información del sector de la decoración y paisajismo, más no una investigación de mercado, debido a que no abarca la perspectiva de la demanda. Para esta investigación se encuestó a los dueños, encargados o personal del área comercial con contacto directo con los clientes de 30 empresas de Lima Metropolitana. Finalmente, se plantean conclusiones y recomendaciones que derivan de la investigación. / Tesis

Although quite a few researchers have pointed to the significance of the childhood theme in Tsvetaeva’s work, no systematic analysis of her work has been done from this perspective. Nor have her childhood reminiscences been treated as a thematically consistent whole, but have rather been read as instances of the poet’s prose in general. The present study examines Marina Tsvetaeva’s memories of childhood in the context of her work and in the context of the cultural and political reality to which these reminiscences refer and in which they were written—i.e., Russia around the turn of the century and the Russian émigré world of 1930–1937. In the introductory investigation of the presence of the childhood theme in Tsvetaeva’s oeuvre, it is found that idealization of the naive, innocent state is a relatively constant feature and that the childhood memories can be read as a culmination of this set of motives. It is also stated that Tsvetaeva’s continuous striving in her poetry away from the world, out of time, is an integral part of the childhood thematics. This tendency is traced, in connection with the childhood theme, to the influence of writers of the late Russian Symbolist movement as well as to Boris Pasternak and Rainer Maria Rilke—all with roots in literary Romanticism. Childhood is moreover found to be something of a key theme that reveals fundamental differences in the relation to memory and language among the authors of Russian modernism. In Tsvetaeva' s case it is shown that her childhood memories contain the romantic essence of her aesthetics. The study also touches upon the symbolic and allegorical dimension of the texts—Tsvetaeva’s “otherspeak” in her prose. It is shown that the central scenes of these texts can be read as illustrations of an artistic and linguistic experience. In this regard the author’s narrative of childhood also appears to have been a suitable medium for articulating controversial aesthetic statements and taking a stand for an historical past and literary tradition that at the time seemed doomed to oblivion.

<p>During the peak of apartheid, the South African Defence Force (SADF) killed close to a thousand Namibian exiles at Cassinga in southern Angola. This happened on May 4 1978. In recent years, Namibia commemorates this day, nationwide, in remembrance of those killed and disappeared following the Cassinga attack. During each Cassinga anniversary, survivors are modelled into &quot / living testimonies&quot / of the Cassinga massacre. Customarily, at every occasion marking this event, a survivor is delegated to unpack, on behalf of other survivors, &quot / memories of Cassinga&quot / so that the inexperienced audience understands what happened on that day. Besides &quot / survivors‟ testimonies, edited video footage showing, among others, wrecks in the camp, wounded victims laying in hospital beds, an open mass grave with dead bodies, SADF paratroopers purportedly marching in Cassinga is also screened for the audience to witness agony of that day. Interestingly, the way such presentations are constructed draw challenging questions. For example, how can the visual and oral presentations of the Cassinga violence epitomize actual memories of the Cassinga massacre? How is it possible that such presentations can generate a sense of remembrance against forgetfulness of those who did not experience that traumatic event? When I interviewed a number of survivors (2007 - 2010), they saw no analogy between testimony (visual or oral) and memory. They argued that memory unlike testimony is personal (solid, inexplicable and indescribable). Memory is a true picture of experiencing the Cassinga massacre and enduring pain and suffering over the years. In considering survivors' challenge to the visually and orally obscured realities of the Cassinga massacre, this study will use a more lateral and alternative approach. This is a method of attempting to interrogate, among other issues of this study, the understanding of Cassinga beyond the inexperienced economies of this event production. The study also explores the different agencies, mainly political, that fuel and exacerbate the victims' unending pathos. These invasive miseries are anchored, according to survivors, in the disrupted expectations / or forsaken human dignity of survivors and families of the missing victims, especially following Namibia‟s independence in 1990.</p>

Despite the fact that the most viable L1 memories in processors are caches, on-chip local memories have been a great topic of consideration lately. Local memories are an interesting design option due to their many benefits: less area occupancy, reduced energy consumption and fast and constant access time. These benefits are especially interesting for the design of modern multicore processors since power and latency are important assets in computer architecture today. Also, local memories do not generate coherency traffic which is important for the scalability of the multicore systems. Unfortunately, local memories have not been well accepted in modern processors yet, mainly due to their poor programmability. Systems with on-chip local memories do not have hardware support for transparent data transfers between local and global memories, and thus ease of programming is one of the main impediments for the broad acceptance of those systems. This thesis addresses software and hardware optimizations regarding the programmability, and the usage of the on-chip local memories in the context of both single-core and multicore systems. Software optimizations are related to the software caching techniques. Software cache is a robust approach to provide the user with a transparent view of the memory architecture; but this software approach can suffer from poor performance. In this thesis, we start optimizing traditional software cache by proposing a hierarchical, hybrid software-cache architecture. Afterwards, we develop few optimizations in order to speedup our hybrid software cache as much as possible. As the result of the software optimizations we obtain that our hybrid software cache performs from 4 to 10 times faster than traditional software cache on a set of NAS parallel benchmarks. We do not stop with software caching. We cover some other aspects of the architectures with on-chip local memories, such as the quality of the generated code and its correspondence with the quality of the buffer management in local memories, in order to improve performance of these architectures. Therefore, we run our research till we reach the limit in software and start proposing optimizations on the hardware level. Two hardware proposals are presented in this thesis. One is about relaxing alignment constraints imposed in the architectures with on-chip local memories and the other proposal is about accelerating the management of local memories by providing hardware support for the majority of actions performed in our software cache. / Malgrat les memòries cau encara son el component basic pel disseny del subsistema de memòria, les memòries locals han esdevingut una alternativa degut a les seves característiques pel que fa a l’ocupació d’àrea, el seu consum energètic i el seu rendiment amb un temps d’accés ràpid i constant. Aquestes característiques son d’especial interès quan les properes arquitectures multi-nucli estan limitades pel consum de potencia i la latència del subsistema de memòria.Les memòries locals pateixen de limitacions respecte la complexitat en la seva programació, fet que dificulta la seva introducció en arquitectures multi-nucli, tot i els avantatges esmentats anteriorment. Aquesta tesi presenta un seguit de solucions basades en programari i maquinari específicament dissenyat per resoldre aquestes limitacions.Les optimitzacions del programari estan basades amb tècniques d'emmagatzematge de memòria cau suportades per llibreries especifiques. La memòria cau per programari és un sòlid mètode per proporcionar a l'usuari una visió transparent de l'arquitectura, però aquest enfocament pot patir d'un rendiment deficient. En aquesta tesi, es proposa una estructura jeràrquica i híbrida. Posteriorment, desenvolupem optimitzacions per tal d'accelerar l’execució del programari que suporta el disseny de la memòria cau. Com a resultat de les optimitzacions realitzades, obtenim que el nostre disseny híbrid es comporta de 4 a 10 vegades més ràpid que una implementació tradicional de memòria cau sobre un conjunt d’aplicacions de referencia, com son els “NAS parallel benchmarks”.El treball de tesi inclou altres aspectes de les arquitectures amb memòries locals, com ara la qualitat del codi generat i la seva correspondència amb la qualitat de la gestió de memòria intermèdia en les memòries locals, per tal de millorar el rendiment d'aquestes arquitectures. La tesi desenvolupa propostes basades estrictament en el disseny de nou maquinari per tal de millorar el rendiment de les memòries locals quan ja no es possible realitzar mes optimitzacions en el programari. En particular, la tesi presenta dues propostes de maquinari: una relaxa les restriccions imposades per les memòries locals respecte l’alineament de dades, l’altra introdueix maquinari específic per accelerar les operacions mes usuals sobre les memòries locals.

The explosive growth of battery operated devices has made low-power design a priority in recent years. Moreover, embedded SRAM units have become an important block in modern SoCs. The increasing number of transistor count in the SRAM units and the surging leakage current of the MOS transistors in the scaled technologies have made the SRAM unit a power hungry block from both dynamic and static perspectives. Owing to high bitline voltage swing during write operation, the write power consumption is dominated the dynamic power consumption. The static power consumption is mainly due to the leakage current associated with the SRAM cells distributed in the array. Moreover, as supply voltage decreases to tackle the power consumption, the data stability of the SRAM cells have become a major concern in recent years. <br /><br /> To reduce the write power consumption, several schemes such as row based sense amplifying cell (SAC) and hierarchical bitline sense amplification (HBLSA) have been proposed. However, these schemes impose architectural limitations on the design in terms of the number of words on a row. Beside, the effectiveness of these methods is limited to the dynamic power consumption. Conventionally, reduction of the cell supply voltage and exploiting the body effect has been suggested to reduce the cell leakage current. However, variation of the supply voltage of the cell associates with a higher dynamic power consumption and reduced cell data stability. Conventionally qualified by Static Noise Margin (SNM), the ability of the cell to retain the data is reduced under a lower supply voltage conditions. <br /><br /> In this thesis, we revisit the concept of data stability from the dynamic perspective. A new criteria for the data stability of the SRAM cell is defined. The new criteria suggests that the access time and non-access time (recovery time) of the cell can influence the data stability in a SRAM cell. The speed vs. stability trade-off opens new opportunities for aggressive power reduction for low-power applications. Experimental results of a test chip implemented in a 130 <em>nm</em> CMOS technology confirmed the concept and opened a ground for introduction of a new operational mode for the SRAM cells. <br /><br /> We introduced a new architecture; Segmented Virtual Grounding (SVGND) to reduce the dynamic and static power reduction in SRAM units at the same time. Thanks to the new concept for the data stability in SRAM cells, we introduced the new operational mode of Accessed Retention Mode (AR-Mode) to the SRAM cell. In this mode, the accessed SRAM cell can retain the data, however, it does not discharge the bitline. The new architecture outperforms the recently reported low-power schemes in terms of dynamic power consumption, thanks to the exclusive discharge of the bitline and the cell virtual ground. In addition, the architecture reduces the leakage current significantly since it uses the back body biasing in both load and drive transistors. <br /><br /> A 40Kb SRAM unit based on SVGND architecture is implemented in a 130 <em>nm</em> CMOS technology. Experimental results exhibit a remarkable static and dynamic power reduction compared to the conventional and previously reported low-power schemes as expect from the simulation results.