Psykosociala arbetsmiljöer innefattar hur individer upplever psykiska och sociala miljöer inom arbetsplatser, vilket benämns som individers upplevda tillfredställelse eller kvalitet i arbetet. Studiesyftet var att erhålla kunskap om hur psykosociala arbetsmiljöer uppfattas påverka psykisk hälsa hos medarbetare. Åtta individer intervjuades, fyra kvinnor och fyra män med varierande yrken. En tematisk innehållsanalys användes där meningskoncentrering och tematisering utformades. Medarbetarna uppfattade sig påverkas av psykosociala arbetsmiljöer beroende hur arbetsförhållanden yttrades. Psykosociala arbetsmiljöer kan leda till stress, ångest, depressioner, arbetsskador, sjukskrivningar och förtidspension. Fem återkommande teman relaterade till medarbetares psykiska hälsa inom psykosociala arbetsmiljöer identifierades: ledarskap, utvecklingsmöjlighet, påverkningsmöjlighet, god kommunikation och teamwork. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön blir bättre och gynnar medarbetares psykiska hälsa med närvaro av faktorerna. Deltagarna upplevdes ha psykisk hälsa samt tillfredställelse under arbetspassen av varierande anledningar som, trivsel med arbetsuppgifter, bra relation mellan ledning och kollegor samt bra arbetsförhållanden. Studieändamålet anses viktigt då individer är aktiva i arbeten i hela världen

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är ett växande problem och ungefär 16% av världens befolkning beräknas idag lida av någon form utav psykisk ohälsa. Personer med psykisk ohälsa har ett ökat behov av hälso- och sjukvård och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens ansvar är att utöva vården med respekt för alla människors lika värde. Tidigare forskning visar att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal inom den somatiska vården har negativa attityder till denna patientgrupp då de upplever dem som skrämmande, oförutsägbara och tidskrävande. Syfte: Att beskriva vilka attityder patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplever i kontakt med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal inom den somatiska vården. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Databassökningar genomfördes i databaserna PsycINFO och Cinahl med sökord som motsvarade syftet. De inkluderade artiklarna var etiskt godkända och resultatet sorterades in i teman samt subteman.  Resultat: Patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplevde stigmatiserande attityder i form utav att de fick en markering i journalen samt att de endast sågs utifrån sin diagnos. Patienterna upplevde även diskriminerande attityder i form av att de blev misstrodda och inte tagna på allvar samt upplevelser av att ses som ett objekt istället för självständiga individer. Slutsats: Attityderna som patienterna med psykisk ohälsa upplevde påverkade dem så pass negativt att de i viss mån undvek att söka vård. Dessa attityder från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen uppfyller inte intentionerna för Diskrimineringslagen, Hälso- och sjukvårdslagen eller Patientlagen som anger att alla människor har rätt lika vård och alla människors lika värde ska respekteras. / Background: Mental illness is a growing problem and approximately 16% of the world's population is currently expected to suffer from some form of mental illness. People with mental illness have an increased need for health and medical care and the responsibility of the healthcare staff is to practise care with respect for all people's equal value. Previous research shows that healthcare professionals in the somatic care have negative attitudes to this patient group as they experience them as frightening, unpredictable and time-consuming. Purpose: To describe which attitudes patients with mental illness experience in contact with healthcare professionals in the somatic care. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review and is based on 15 scientific articles with qualitative and quantitative approach. Database searches were performed in the databases PsycINFO and Cinahl with keywords that corresponded to the purpose. The included articles were ethically approved and the result was sorted into themes and subthemes. Result: Patients with mental illness experienced stigmatizing attitudes in the form of having a mark in the journal and that they were only seen on the basis of their diagnosis. The patients also experienced discriminatory attitudes in the form of being distrusted and not taken seriously, and experiences of being objectified instead of independent individuals. Conclusion: The attitudes experienced by the patients with mental illness affected them so negatively that they to some extent avoided seeking care. These attitudes from the healthcare staff do not meet the intentions of the Discrimination Act, the Health and Medical Care Act or the Patient Act, which states that all people have the right equal care and all people's equal value shall be respected.

Psykisk ohälsa hos unga vuxna ökar och behovet av vårdinsatser blir större. Anhöriga ses numer som en resurs i dessa vårdinsatser. Trots detta visar tidigare forskning att samhällets insatser för att främja anhörigkontakterna delvis är undermålig. Kommunikation och samarbete mellan anhöriga och vårdpersonal är ett område som lyfts fram som ett av problemområdena. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och skapa en djupare förståelse om föräldraskap till barn med långvarig psykisk sjukdom. Detta genom att beskriva hur vårdpersonalen upplever mötet med föräldrar till barn med psykisk sjukdom.          Studien utfördes med intervjuer av fyra personer som arbetade inom olika vårdinrättningar som kom i kontakt med föräldrar till vuxna barn med psykisk sjukdom och analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten redovisades med tre teman: Vårdpersonalens perspektiv, Förälders perspektiv och Framtid. Resultatet visade på problematiken kring föräldrarnas misstro gentemot vårdinsatser men jämfört med tidigare forskning framkom att alla fyra intervjupersoner upplevde till största delen bra möten med dessa föräldrar. Återkommande faktorer som skulle kunna förbättra eventuella problem framkommer där tid, information och kunskaper är viktiga komponenter. Resultaten visade även betydelsen av bra arbetsmiljö och vikten av en professionell chef. / Abstract Mental illness amongst young adults is increasing and the need for care interventions becomes greater. Relatives are now seen as a resource in these care interventions. In spite of this, previous research shows that society's efforts to promote contacts with relatives are partly substandard. Communication and cooperation between relatives and healthcare professionals is an area highlighted as one of the problem areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate and create a deeper understanding about parenting to children with long-term mental illness. This is by describing how health professionals experience the meeting with parents of children with mental illness.           The study was conducted with interviews of four people working in different health care institutions that met parents of adult children with mental illness and were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results were reported with three themes: Healthcare professionals ' perspective, Parent's perspective and future. The result showed the problem of parental distrust in care, but was in relation to previous research relatively positive, that all four respondents experienced mostly good meetings with these parents. Recurring factors that could improve potential problems arise where time, information and knowledge are important components. The results also showed the importance of a good working environment and the importance of a professional manager.

Smartphones har blivit en naturlig del av vår vardag och smarta applikationer ger oss ständigt nya möjligheter. Samtidigt som det finns många positiva sidor med tekniken är det av vikt att undersöka vilka konsekvenser den teknologiska utvecklingen kan få på människor samt vad orsakerna bakom detta är. Smartphones har ökat i tillgänglighet och vi kan bli beroende av dess funktioner, men även beroende av möjligheterna de ger oss. Denna studie undersökte samband mellan personlighetsdrag, symtom på psykisk ohälsa och smartphoneberoende bland studenter (n = 103). Smartphoneberoende mättes utifrån skalan SAS-SV. Ett webbformulär publicerades på studentplattformar med frågor om smartphoneberoende, personlighet och psykisk ohälsa. Ett positivt samband mellan depression, ångest, stress och smartphoneberoende hittades. Bland personlighetsdrag hade neuroticism ett positivt samband med smartphoneberoende samt extraversion och samvetsgrannhet hade ett negativt. Regressionanalys visade att neuroticism positivt och samvetsgrannhet negativt kunde predicera smartphonebeorende. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån tidigare litteratur och vi föreslår att mer longitudinell forskning behövs för att fastslå eventuell kausalitet. / Smartphones have become a natural part of our everyday life and smart applications constantly give us new possibilities. While there are many positive aspects of the technology, it is important to examine what the consequences could be of the technological development. Smartphones have increased in availability and we have become addicted to the opportunities everyday technologies such as smartphones offer us. This study examined the relationships between personality traits, symptoms of mental illness and smartphone addiction among students (n = 103) using web-based assessments. Smartphone addiction was assessed with SAS-SV. We found positive associations between mental symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction. Neuroticism had a positive relationship with smartphone addiction but other Big Five personality traits such as extraversion and conscientiousness showed negative association with smartphone addiction. Regression analysis showed that neuroticism positively, but conscientiousness negatively predicted smartphone addiction in our sample. We discussed our results according to the previous literature and suggest that further longitudinal research is needed to determine possible causality between the measured factors.

The thesis is focused on social work with people with mental illness with emphasis on the ethical component. The aim was to ascertain how the social workers work with the given target group and how they´re influenced by ethics at their work. With help of expert sources, the meritorious part is theoretically focused on issues of mental illness with respect to the psychiatric care system in the Czech Republic, submits principles of social work with the corresponding target group and presents the ethical point of view including the most influential ethical trends. It also pays attention to a significant change - reform of psychiatric care that has been currently taking place. Its task is to update the psychiatric care and enhance the quality of life of people with mental illness. The discussion part confronts the theory with practice based on conversation with social workers. The conclusion confirms the conformity resulting from the discussion. The statements of social workers correspond to problems that are described in professional publications. One can assume from the thesis, life with mental illness is not easy. However, people suffering from mental illness have their dignity and should be an integral part of society. They shouldn´t be discriminated nor perceived only as a diagnosis.

A Estratégia Saúde da Família se apresenta como um modelo de assistência em saúde que pode viabilizar a Reforma Psiquiátrica ao propor o tratamento do doente mental em serviço comunitário a partir das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) presentes em territórios de abrangência pré-definidos. Várias ações governamentais propiciam a criação de uma rede de assistência em saúde mental: equipes de matriciamento para a atenção primária em saúde, serviços secundários como os CAPS (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial), leitos psiquiátricos em hospitais gerais. O presente estudo busca identificar as representações de doença mental elaboradas por profissionais de saúde que atuam numa USF. Este trabalho é descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, no qual foi utilizado o estudo de caso. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o Procedimento Apresentativo-Expressivo com Tema (PAET) a partir de entrevistas com dezenove sujeitos de variadas formações e atribuições: médico, enfermeiro, auxiliar de enfermagem, dentista, auxiliar de consultório dentário, agentes comunitários de saúde, auxiliar administrativo e auxiliar de serviços gerais. Para a análise do material obtido foi utilizada a Análise Temática. Das elaborações produzidas surgiram os temas: doença mental ligada ao cuidado em saúde; doença mental ligada a visão médico-centrada; doença mental ligada ao binômio exclusão/inclusão; e doença mental ligada ao meio ambiente. A análise evidencia que as representações elaboradas acerca da doença mental estão ligadas ao paradigma biologicista, com reprodução de preconceitos. Por outro lado, foi destacado o acolhimento como fator importante no processo da assistência. De acordo com os sujeitos ouvidos a família tem dificuldade de integrar-se ao tratamento, pois não vislumbra que é parte importante do projeto terapêutico. Por sua vez, o serviço de saúde não consegue perceber-se como parte da comunidade. Desta maneira, o trabalho aponta a necessidade da desconstrução da atitude manicomial ainda intrinsecamente presente nos profissionais de saúde, no sentido da mudança paradigmática pautada pela Reforma Psiquiátrica e que, em municípios que historicamente possuem hospital psiquiátrico, há maior dificuldade de acontecer. Nesta perspectiva, a assistência em saúde mental passa também pela formação profissional, numa tentativa da transformação dos conteúdos ideoafetivos apresentados pelo imaginário da equipe de saúde, pois a ela cabe o cuidado a pessoa acometida pela doença mental residente em seu território. / Family Health Strategy is a model of health assistance that can make Psychiatric Reform viable by treating the mental disordered patients in a communital service offered by Family Health Units (FHU), which are found in previously defined regions. Several government actions favor a network for mental health assistance: specialist orientation for primary health care; secondary services, such as PCCs (Psychosocial Care Centers); psychiatric beds in general hospitals. This study intends to identify the representations of mental illnesses draw by health professionals who work in a FHU. This is a descriptive and qualitative project, where a case study method was used. Data were collected by Thematic Presentative-Expressive Procedure (TPEP) in interviews with nineteen subjects with varied background: doctor, nurse, nurse assistant, dentist, dentist assistant, health communital agents, administrative assistant and general assistant. The data were analysed by Thematic Analysis. The themes obtained were: mental illness related to health care; mental illness related to medical-centered view; mental illness related to the binomial exclusion/inclusion; mental illness related to environment. The analysis emphasizes that the representations of mental illnesses are related to the biologicist paradigm, which reproduces prejudice. On the other hand, attachment was pointed as an important factor on the patient care process. According to the interviewees, family members hardly take part in the treatment because they do not see themselves as an important part of the therapeutic project. In the same manner, the health service cannot see itself as part of the community. Thus, this work points out the necessity of a deconstruction on the pro-asylum attitude that is still intrinsically present among the health professionals, following the paradigmatic change proposed by the Psychiatric Reform, which is mostly difficult to achieve in places historically known as homes of asylums. Under this perspective, mental health care is also affected by professional formation, in an attempt to transform ideoaffective contents presented by the health team imaginary, which is the team caring for the mental disorder patients who live within their attended region.

by Lui Sha-Lee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-149). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Ideological Implications of “Madness´ح in Western and Chinese Culture --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Madwoman as the Murderous Daughter: Kitty Fitzgerald's Marge and Tie Ning's The Cliff in the Afternoon --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter Four --- "Madwoman as the Murderous Wife: Elsa Lewin's I, Anna and Li Ang's The Butcher ´ةs Wife" --- p.83 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Conclusion --- p.121 / Notes --- p.134 / Works Cited --- p.143

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries / Department: Computer Science.

In order to aid in the understanding of the personality components that contribute to the symptoms of depression, the learning process of persons labeled as depressed was examined. Twenty female subjects who were either receiving or being evaluated for psychotherapy participated in this study. Based on MMPI and DACL scores, 10 depressed and 10 nondepressed subjects were placed in avoidance learning situations. An active avoidance situation required making the correct button press to avoid a sounding buzzer; the absence of the button-pressing response constituted a passive avoidance situation, There was no significant difference between the two groups in learning across avoidance conditions, Depressives were found 'to be less persistent in responding than were nondepressives. Results were explained as supporting a learned helplessness model of depression.