The purpose of this paper is to examine a philosophical basis for the biohacker movement. The paper discommends the dominating narrative of the movement, which portraits it as being exclusively motivated by scientific progress. In contrast, I argue that the biohacking phenomenon, besides scientific discoveries, has social, cultural and above all religious incentives. The hypothesis is that the concept of biohacking cannot be fully understood within the bounds of a modern scientific discourse.  The proposed narrative is put into practice via a comparison between the biohacking community and eighteenth-century mystic Emanuel Swedenborg. The comparison is established by this paper; Swedenborg is not recognized by biohackers at large. By associating Swedenborg with the phenomenon, I intend to present a tangible example that the questions raised by the biohackers outdates the scientific discoveries that is normally regarded as their primordial cause. By way of the parallel, the paper aims to highlight a structure of reasoning that would not be as protruding if the movement was to be examined on its own. The comparison centers around how Swedenborg and the biohacker community uses metaphors to depict new and presumably better ways of being human. Their usage of the figure puts the traditional Lakoffian understanding to question. With this paper I explore the possibility of the metaphor shaping not only their understanding of the world, but also their understanding of the human condition. By examining how the rhetorical device is used by both traditions respectively, I intend to bring to light how they dissolve the border between man and the concept of god.

This study examines the translation of an adventure travel guide from English to Swedish, focusing on the translation of conventional metaphors, original metaphors, metonymy and similes, with special attention to conceptual metaphors. The results show that most of the metaphors are reproduced in the target text, along with most of the metonymic segments and all similes. The findings suggest that the relatively high rate of metaphors and metonymy reproduced is due to a high degree of shared metaphorical concepts in source and target culture, whereas the decrease likely is due to an asymmetry in the preference of usage and degree of elaboration for these metaphors. The qualitative analysis shows that many conceptual metaphors fulfilled important functions in the source text, which confirms previous research that preserving the conceptual metaphors as much as possible in the translation process is essential in order to preserve all the functions of the source text. Analysis of metonymy and the personification of cities shows how the metonymic concept place for person is related to the central theme of personification and that this concept is likewise used to fulfill an important purpose of the source text, showing that metonymy is equally important to preserve in the translation process. The results of this study suggest that the choice of translation strategy in some cases is less dependent on category and more dependent on to what extent the cultural concepts that the metaphor/simile/metonymy is based on is similar/different, more/less elaborate or more/less preferred in source and target culture.

Focusing on a source text of music journalism, this study sets out to investigate the role of metaphors in translation techniques from English to Swedish. The study turns to the conceptual metaphor, as presented by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980), and considers a range of translation strategies prescribed by scholars such as Christina Schäffner (2004, 2012) and Grace Crerar-Bromelow (2007). Drawing upon these sources, the aim is to quantify, categorize, and translate the metaphors of the source text, premised on Lakoff and Johnson’s three conceptual categories of structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors. Focusing on their frequency, overlaps, and role in the source and target texts, the study traces what bearing these conceptual categories have on the translation practice. The results show that Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphors have great merit in the translation of metaphors by helping the translator capture nuances, double meanings, and idiomatic properties in both source and target texts and contexts.

Nous présentons dans cette thèse les bases d’un dialogue entre le modèle cognitif dit ‘incarné’ et le développement de styles et techniques d’interaction pour les interfaces graphiques en 3 dimensions. Ce modèle cognitif, structuré entre autres par Lakoff et Johnson, décrit les correspondances métaphoriques que nous construisons naturellement entre des idées abstraites et les modèles mentaux provenant de notre expérience perceptive. Dortier résume la cognition incarnée en disant que les idées ont des formes, des couleurs, suscitent des goûts et des dégoûts. Cette vision intégrée des systèmes perceptifs et cognitifs s’applique non seulement à la représentation mentale des objets ou des personnes, mais aussi aux idées abstraites quelles soient morales, philosophiques ou scientifiques.Ce modèle met en évidence le rôle de ces corrélations en tant que source de compréhension et d’action et a fait émerger le concept d’interfaces énactives. Aujourd’hui elles se présentent comme un regard commun sur les projets émergents d’interfaces homme-machine. Des projets, tels que les interfaces tangibles, les systèmes de capture de gestes et d’autres solutions logicielles et matérielles multimodales, se servent de notre aptitude à structurer métaphoriquement l’information produite par notre action sur le monde, pour créer des interfaces universellement appréhendables.Nous avons illustré l’application de ce modèle sur des projets d’interfaces graphiques pour la réalisation de tâches dans des contextes hétérogènes. Nous avons ciblé les dispositifs multimédia pour le grand public et les stratégies pour la réussite de ces interfaces en tant qu’outil pédagogique pour les musées, expositions et outils de travail collaboratifs. Notre première application est le projet de médiation graphique pour accéder à une base de données d'objets numérisés en 3D pour le Musée des Arts et Métiers. Dans ce projet les objets numérisés sont affichés selon une métaphore de fluides et particules dotés d’électromagnétisme. La navigation dans ce catalogue se veut claire et pervasive. Nous avons analysons la capacité des métaphores de construire des ponts cohérents entre les diverses plateformes d’accès au catalogue. Dans une seconde implémentation nous employons les métaphores liés à la notion visuelle de profondeur et de densité pour proposer une ligne du temps en 3 dimensions pour la visualisation de donnés temporelles pour EDF. Finalement nos synthétisons les relations entre les ensembles de métaphores pour les appliquer aux composantes d’interaction. La structure résultante se présente sous forme d’un Framework conceptuel d’agents et styles d’interaction qui peut servir en tant qu’outil de prototypage mais aussi comme catalyseur pour la conception d’interfaces innovantes. / Embodied cognition has emerged over the last decades as a new paradigm of the human reasoning system. Large numbers of researchers agree on the influences of perceptual and motor activity on our thinking and representational mechanisms. The importance of embodied mind theory is growing in the field of cognitive science. It is now the conceptual support for innovative projects in human computer interaction (HCI). The new paradigms of HCI are shifting towards the venue of natural, invisible and pervasive interfaces. Office tasks of the 80s and their related interfaces are now being replaced by multimodal commands (gesture, voice) and contextual or social inputs. From graphical user interfaces to tangible and multimodal devices, new sets of innovative interaction techniques are emerging and these can no longer rely on classic metaphors and visual analogies. To increase the meaning of new commands and representations of post-wimp interaction techniques and to build coherent and consistent metaphors between different platforms and embedded devices in our environment, researchers have turned their attention to the embodied vision of the cognitive system.We present in this thesis the embodied cognitive paradigm and how it has been adopted by the HCI community. We illustrate this model by analyzing several tasks carried out in heterogeneous environments. Thereafter, proposals are made on how museums, exhibitions and collaboration tools may use embodied metaphors as a design strategy to produce innovative multimedia devices. The first application was one of mediating access to a database of digitized 3D objects for the Museum of Arts and Crafts in Paris. In this project the digitized objects are displayed in a metaphor of fluids and particles managed by electromagnetic forces that guide the semantics of the user’s search. Browsing tasks in this catalog are intended to be clear and coherent between different platforms in order to respect the user’s levels of desired engagement. An analysis is made of the ability of metaphors to build bridges between the various platform interfaces. In the second application, metaphors related to the concept of visual depth and density was used to propose a 3D timeline so as to visualize temporal data. Finally, the framework synthesizes the embodied metaphorical mappings in a large set of components which will be applied as building blocks when prototyping interaction techniques. This structure takes the form of a conceptual Framework of interaction agents which might serve not only as a tool for prototyping interfaces but also as a catalyst for generating innovative ideas.

No description available.

For the purpose of this study, metaphor is defined as a comparison which is not literally true. Such a comparison may be explicitly stated, as in a simile, or it may merely be implied, as in synecdoche, metonymy, hyperbole, or personification. In each case the primary or tenor image, a person, place, object, or idea in the novel, is compared to a secondary or vehicle image, a person, place, object, or idea not literally the same as the tenor image. The body of data on which this investigation is based consists of over fourteen thousand metaphors taken from Melville's nine novels. Each of these metaphors has been classified on the basis of its vehicle image. There are eight general categories, and tables are provided which show the number of metaphors in each category in each novel and the frequency with which the metaphors in each category occur in each novel. Overall, his metaphors suggest that Melville's vision of life was more often pessimistic than optimistic. They also reveal his growth as a writer. In the later novels, metaphors generally are more original than those in the early novels and are more skillfully related to his major themes.

This study delves into the ways in which the displaced Palestinian characters in Susan Abulhawa’s Mornings in Jenin (2010) and Randa Abdel-Fattah’s Where the Streets Had a Name (2008) connect to their homeland through embodied metaphors, particularly through the personification of their native lands, which will be read with recourse to Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). By utilizing ecolinguistics as an analytical lens and applying CMT, this study illuminates how both literary works significantly underscore the urgency and cruciality of the human-nature interconnection and interdependence amid tragedy and dispossession. The authors’ use of metaphorical language to personify the land gives rise to the ontological conceptual metaphor NATURE IS A PERSON and other embodied metaphors, and these illustrate the profound interconnection between the characters and their ancestral lands. Subsequently, this study uncovers the ecological identities of the displaced characters, which ultimately leads them to attempt to establish physical and metaphorical connections with their ancestral villages. The physical connection is established through the concept of “eco-resistance”, which is crucial for their physical and psychological wellbeing, as well as the wellbeing of the land.

<p>In today’s interconnected world, public health crises like COVID-19 have a widespread impact, transcending national borders, causing economic upheaval, the loss of trillions of dollars from the gross domestic product (GDP), and significant disruptions to health systems, and forcing millions of individuals into poverty. While countries may differ in their responses to these crises, their shared objective is to mitigate the damage and ultimately bring an end to the outbreak. Public health experts play a crucial role in these efforts, utilizing rhetorical strategies to effectively communicate with the public about the pandemic. Notably, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Anthony Fauci in the United States and Dr. Wenhong Zhang in China emerged as revered figures, leading public health experts, and adept communicators in addressing the risks posed by the pandemic in their respective countries. This dissertation investigates the rhetorical practices of Dr. Zhang and Dr. Fauci in their communications about the pandemic to their respective publics. Employing a case study approach, contextualized comparative rhetoric as an inquiry method, and computer-assisted qualitative rhetorical analysis, this dissertation identifies the similarities and differences in the rhetorical strategies adopted by the two doctors. The findings reveal that both doctors utilize similar rhetorical tools, including ethos, kairos, narratives, and metaphors, to effectively communicate about the pandemic to the public. However, they also exhibit differences influenced by contextual factors such as political, social, and cultural contexts. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of rhetoric in public health experts’ communications about the pandemic in different countries during a global public health crisis.</p>

<p dir="ltr">The concept of homeschooling in the United States, though more mainstream today, remains an alternative way of educating our children. Researchers seeking to examine this method of education often focus on the outcomes for the children who receive their education through this mode of education. Seldom does the attention fall to the educator, the homeschool parent. The mother typically takes the active role in educating the children and she receives little attention as a person (Lois, 2016). This study examines the ways in which these mother/teachers navigate the academic and non-academic parts of their lives and what impact that has on their own and their family’s well-being. Because the number of families who choose this mode of education continues to rise, examining factors that affect their well-being is crucial (Ray, 2022). Nine online discussions with 26 homeschooling mothers set up as focus groups revealed strong connections to self-efficacy and agency. Group sizes ranged from two to four participants making some of the groups dyadic interviews rather than focus groups (Morgan, 1996). Agency and self-efficacy contributed to the sense of well-being for the mother and by extension to her family (Bandura 1977, 2006). The findings from this study suggest other homeschool mothers and past experiences played a role in their self-efficacy that contributed to their well-being leading to their self-efficacy expectation. Though previous literature suggests that homeschooling mothers connect strongly to the concept of <i>good mother</i>, the mothers in this study rejected many of the principles Hays (1996) suggests a <i>good mother</i> exhibits. The use of metaphors as a qualitative tool aided in the discovery of ways these mothers navigate their lives and how their management impacted their families. As an engaged qualitative inductive study, suggestions to existing homeschool groups and organizations that hope to support homeschooling families gave a connection back to communities outside of academia.</p>

Работа посвящена исследованию способов перевода метафор экономической сферы. Объектом исследования являются метафоры сферы экономики на языке оригинала и их переведенные версии, встречающиеся в сериалах «Миллиарды», «Индустрия» и «Наследники», предметом - способы аудиовизуального перевода метафор экономической сферы с английского языка на русский. Цель работы: исследование способов аудиовизуального перевода метафор экономической сферы с английского языка на русский на материале выбранных тематических сериалов. Проанализированы 123 пары метафор и их переводов, отобранных методом сплошной выборки из первых 4 серий каждого из сериалов общим хронометражем 1440 минут. В ходе исследования определено, что наиболее часто используемыми способами перевода метафор оказались перевод на основе одного и того же образа, передача путем замены образа в языке оригинала на другой образ в языке перевода и перевод посредством деметафоризации (способы перечислены по мере убывания частотности). Реже всего в материале исследования использовался дословный перевод метафор. Большое внимание уделено подробному анализу 20 пар метафор и их переводов с целью определения логики осуществления метафорических переносов в каждом конкретном случае, а также произведено отнесение каждой из этих метафор к разрядам по классификациям А. П. Чудинова и Дж. Лакоффа и М. Джонсона. Кроме того, исследованы метафорические модели, самой продуктивной из который оказалась метафорическая модель «Бизнес – это игра». / The study investigates the ways to translate metaphors of the economic sphere. The object of the research is the metaphors of the sphere of economics in the original language and their translated versions found in the TV shows "Billions", "Industry" and "Succession", the subject is the ways of audiovisual translation of metaphors of the economic sphere from English into Russian. The purpose of the research: to study the ways of audiovisual translation of metaphors of the economic sphere from English into Russian based on the material of selected thematic TV shows. 123 pairs of metaphors and their translations were analyzed, selected by a continuous sampling method from the first 4 episodes of each of the TV shows with a total running time of 1,440 minutes. In the course of the study, it was determined that the most frequently used ways of translating metaphors were translation based on the same image, translation by replacing an image in the original language with another image in the target language and translation by demetaphorization (the methods are listed as the frequency decreases). The literal translation of metaphors was used less often in the research material. Much attention is paid to the detailed analysis of 20 pairs of metaphors and their translations in order to determine the logic of metaphorical transfers in each specific case, and each of these metaphors is classified according to the classifications of A. P. Chudinov and J. Lakoff and M. Johnson. In addition, metaphorical models were studied, the most productive of which was the metaphorical model "Business is a game".