The aim of this Master’s thesis is to examine seven public librarians’ attitudes towards manga as a new kind of literature in public libraries. Manga is an art form, originally from Japan, but in recent years manga has become very popular in the Western societies. The main issue of this thesis is how the librarians’ look at manga and what they think about manga. In this thesis I also discuss to what extension the public libraries in this study have manga in their collections, what the librarians think that public libraries today should offer their visitors and what is important to discuss when the librarians purchase books and other new media to the library. In order to answer these questions I conducted interviews with seven public librarians in children and youth departments in five public libraries in the north of Sweden. This study shows that the librarians are positive in their attitudes towards manga. Their opinion is that the public libraries could offer manga, but they think that quality is very important and they will be sure about the top-quality in the manga they offer. The librarians’ main opinion is that their lack of knowledge in manga is a problem. In this thesis I use Herbert J. Gans theory about taste cultures and taste publics and my conclusion is that there is a relation between the librarians’ knowledge and to which taste culture they belong. / Uppsatsnivå: D

No presente projeto, foi estudada a viabilidade do purê de manga (Mangifera indica Linn.), variedade 'Haden', para pronto consumo. Inicialmente foi feito o acompanhamento do processo de amadurecimento das mangas para determinar o estágio de maturação adequado para o processamento do purê. Foram feitas análises de firmeza, pH, acidez titulável expressa em porcentagem de ácido cítrico, sólidos solúveis e teor de pectina da polpa das frutas. Os resultados mostraram que a coloração da casca foi um bom indicador do estágio de maturação das mangas. Após acidificação, foram alicados no purê quatro tratamento térmicos diferentes: 25,5 minutos a 65°C; 16,0 minutos a 75°C; 4,0 minutos a 80°C e 2,5 minutos a 95°C. Purê tratado e não tratado termicamente foi mantido sob refrigeração durante 36 dias e análises de pH e acidez titulável, além da contagem de bolores e leveduras, foram realizadas no purê na freqüência de 7 dias. Apesar da análise estatística indicar diferenças significativas entre os valores de pH e acidez titulável em função do tempo de armazenamento e do tratamento térmico, o purê apresentou valores dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação para purê de manga destinado ao consumo como bebida (valor de pH entre 3,3 e 4,5 e acidez titulável mínima de 0,32% de ácido cítrico). Em relação à contagem de bolores e leveduras, o purê tratado termicamente mostrou-se estável, apresentado contagem zero dos microrganismos citados durante todo o período de armazenamento. Estudo do comportamento reológico do purê tratado e não tratado termicamente indicou o seu caráter não-newtoniano, de natureza pseudoplástica. Apesar dos tratamentos térmicos apresentarem valores de F bem distintos, as análises físico-químicas, a contagem de bolores e leveduras e o estudo reológico mostraram que não houve diferença entre os produtos finais. Isso indica que a estabilidade físico-química e microbiológica do purê pode ser alcançada com o tratamento térmico que apresentou o menor valor de F, no caso, o tratamento conduzido a 65ºC durante 25,5 minutos. Em um teste de aceitação do consumidor, o purê tratado nestas condições apresentou um alto indice de aceitação, o que reforça a viabilidade do produto pronto para consumo. / In this research project, the viability of 'Haden' mango puree (Mangifera indica Linn.) as a ready-to-serve product was studied. The ripening process of the fruti was studied to determine the adequate stage for the puree production. Firmness, pH, total acidity expressed as citric acid percentage, soluble solids and pectin content of the fruti pulps were analyzed. results showed that color of skin is a good parameter to indicate the mangoes ripening stage. Four different heat treatments were applied to the acidified puree: 25.5 minutes at 65°C; 16.0 minutes at 75°C; 4.0 minutes at 80°C and 2.5 minutes at 95°C. Non treated and treated puree were maintained under refrigeration for 36 days. pH, titrable acidity, molds and yeast analyses were carried out weekly. Although statistical analyses indicate significant difference among pH and acidity values in relation to storage time and heat treatment, the puree presented acceptable values by Brazilian legislation for mango puree consumed as beverage (pH between 3,3 and 4,5 and mininum total acidity of 0,32% of citric acid). Heat treated puree showed microbiological stability, presenting zero count of these microorganisms during the storage time. The study of rheological behavior of treated and non treated purees revealed non Newtonian character of shear thinning nature. Even though the heat treatments presented very distinct F values, the physical chemical analyses, the mold and yeast counts and the rheological behavior showed that there was difference among the final products. This indicates that the stability os the puree can be achieved applying the heat treatment with the smallest F value, that is 25.5 minutes at 65°C. Consumer acceptance test of puree treated in these conditions presented high level of acceptance, which reinforces the viability of this puree as a ready-to-serve product.

Orientador: Sarita Leonel / Banca: Marco Antonio Tecchio / Banca: Elma Machado Ataíde / Resumo: Devido à enorme diversidade de cultivares e híbridos, assim como diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, o estudo do comportamento das cultivares de mangueira nas distintas regiões produtoras é de grande importância. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a fenologia, a produção e a qualidade dos frutos de cultivares de mangueira em condições subtropicais do estado de São Paulo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP em São Manuel-SP. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Espada Vermelha, Keitt e Palmer. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, utilizando-se uma planta por parcela e 10 repetições. A fenologia foi avaliada considerando-se o número de dias para formação da panícula e das fases de desenvolvimento dos frutos, além da curva de crescimento dos mesmos e a exigência térmica. As avaliações referentes à produção foram: número de frutos produzidos por planta e por panícula; porcentagem de abortamento, produção, produtividade, eficiência produtiva e sazonalidade de produção. Quanto à análise física dos frutos, foram avaliados os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, o formato e a massa do fruto, o rendimento de polpa, casca e caroço, calibre e cor da casca e da polpa. Em relação às características químicas e bioquímicas, avaliou-se: acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, "Ratio", índice tecnológico, teor de ácido ascórbico, açucares redutor, não-redutor e total, carotenóides, atividade antioxidante, flavonóides e polifenóis. Com base nos resultados observou-se que as três cultivares avaliadas possuem duração dos estádios fenológicos distintas. A cultivar Keitt apresenta maior número de dias e maior exigência térmica para atingir a maturidade fisiológica dos frutos. As curvas de crescimento dos frutos de 'Espada Vermelha', Keitt' e ... / Abstract: Due to the enormous diversity of cultivars and hybrids, as well as different environmental conditions, the study of the performance of mango cultivars in different regions is of great importance. Given the above, this study aimed to assess the phenology, production and fruit quality of mango cultivars in subtropical conditions of the state of São Paulo. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of San Manuel Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP in São Manuel-SP. The Espada Vermelha, Keitt and Palmer were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with one plant per plot and 10 repetitions. Phenology was evaluated by considering the number of days and the panicle formation stage of fruit development, plus the growth of the same and the thermal demand curve. For the production was evaluated: number of fruits per plant and per panicle, percentage of abortion of fruits, production, productivity, production efficiency and seasonality of production. For the physical analysis of the fruits were evaluated: longitudinal and transverse diameters, the shape and weight of the fruit, the yield of pulp, peel and seed, size and color of the skin and pulp. Regarding the chemical and biochemical characteristics were assessed: titratable acidity, soluble solids, Ratio, technological index, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, flavonoids and polyphenols. Based on the results it was observed that the three cultivars have different duration of phenological stages. The cultivar Keitt had the greatest number of days and thermal requirement to reach physiological maturity of the fruit. The growth curves of the fruit of 'Espada Vermelha', 'Keitt' and 'Palmer' behave the same way as a function of days after anthesis, and follow sigmoidal model. The 'Palmer' is a cultivar with better performance, with the highest ... / Mestre

Orientador: Jose Fernando Durigan / Banca: Ben-Hur Mattiuz / Banca: Angelo Pedro Jacomino / Banca: Rogério Lopes Vieites / Banca: Gustavo Henrique de Almeida Teixeira / Resumo: Determinou-se os binômios temperatura x tempo de armazenamento, que podem ocasionar injúria pelo frio em mangas 'Tommy Atkins' e 'Palmer', com avaliação das alterações no seu metabolismo, o que permitiu que se testasse o uso de tratamento térmico e de radiação ultravioleta (UV-C) para minimizar ou eliminar esta injúria. Avaliou-se também a eficiência do uso de quitosana como alternativa à cera, comumente aplicada após o tratamento térmico. No 1º e 2º experimentos, frutos colhidos no estádio "de vez", foram armazenados a 2 ºC, 5 ºC e 12 ºC por 1, 2, 3 e 4 semanas. Ao final de cada período, foram transferidos para condição ambiente, por até 7 dias. No 3º e 4º experimentos, uma parte dos frutos foi tratada hidrotermicamente a 46,1 ºC por 90 min ou 55 ºC por 5 min e a outra, submetida à ação de radiação (UV-C) nas doses de 1,14 kJ m-2 e 2,28 kJ m-2, antes do armazenamento sob condição promotora de injúria por frio, a 5 ºC por 14 dias ('Tommy Atkins') e a 5 ºC por 4 dias ('Palmer'). No 5º e 6º experimentos, frutos tratados com radiação (UV-C) receberam filme de cera de carnaúba ou quitosana a 1% e 1,5%, antes de serem armazenados sob condição promotora de injúria, a 5 ºC por 14 dias ('Tommy Atkins') e a 5 ºC por 4 dias ('Palmer'), sendo após esse período, transferidos para a condição ambiente, onde foram mantidos por 7 dias para a 'Tommy Atkins' e por até 12 dias, para a 'Palmer'. Em todos os experimentos, os frutos foram avaliados semanalmente durante o armazenamento refrigerado, e a cada 2 dias depois de levados ao ambiente, quanto ao murchamento, coloração, podridões, massa fresca, firmeza, danos pelo frio, atividade respiratória, teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, açúcares solúveis e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: It was determined the binomials temperature vs. time, which can cause chilling injury in mangoes 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Palmer', with the evaluation of the changes in their metabolism, allowing to test the use of heat treatment and UV-C radiation to minimize or eliminate this injury. It also evaluated the effectiveness of the use of chitosan as an alternative to the carnauba wax, usually applied after the heat treatment. In the 1st and the 2nd experiments, fruits harvested at "medium ripe" were stored at 2 ºC, 5 ºC and 12 ºC for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. At the end of each period, they were transferred to the environmental condition up to 7 days. In the 3rd and the 4th experiments, a part of the fruits was treated hydrothermally at 46.1 ºC for 90 min or 55 ºC for 5 min and another part submitted to the action of UV-C radiation at doses of 1.14 kJ m-2 and 2.28 kJ m-2, before the storage under chilling injury condition, at 5 ºC for 14 days ('Tommy Atkins') and at 5 ºC for 4 days ('Palmer'). In the 5th and 6th experiments, fruits treated with UV-C radiation were coated with carnauba wax or chitosan at 1% and 1.5%, before being stored under chilling injury condition, at 5 ºC for 14 days ('Tommy Atkins') and at 5 ºC for 4 days ('Palmer'), and thereafter transferred to the environmental condition, where they were maintained up to 7 days ('Tommy Atkins') and up to 12 days ('Palmer'). In all experiments, the fruits were evaluated weekly during the cold storage, and every two days after they were taken to the environment, for the wilting, color, rottenness, mass loss, firmness, chilling injury, respiration rate, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble and reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and total polyphenols, total antioxidant activity and the enzymes of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar e comparar o comportamento químico e físico-químico da manga cv. Tommy Atkins submetida aos tratamentos hidrotérmico e a irradiação nas doses 0,4 kGy e 1,0 kGy, a fim de complementar os estudos feitos por SABATO et al (2009) no teste de transporte real de mangas irradiadas do Brasil para o Canadá. Esses estudos permitiram comparar o desempenho da irradiação com o tratamento térmico quanto à preservação das características da manga destinada à exportação. Para tanto as mangas foram divididas em grupos: controle; banho térmico (46°C por 90 min); dose 0,4 kGy e dose 1,0 kGy. Os frutos foram mantidos em câmara fria (11°C ± 2) por 14 dias, e, posteriormente, a temperatura ambiente (23°C ±2) até o fim de sua vida útil. Durante o período de armazenamento a baixa temperatura, as análise foram realizadas em intervalos de 7 dias; e a cada 3 dias, quando mantidos a temperatura ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que a dose de 1,0 kGy foi o único grupo que manteve os frutos com a coloração da casca no estágio 3 durante todo período do experimento, porém promoveu uma maior perda de textura e degradação nos teores de acidez total titulável nos frutos ainda verdes. Notou-se que somente o grupo controle apresentou teores mais altos de ácido cítrico e succínico no último dia de experimento. Não houve diferenças significativas nos valores de sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares totais e avaliação de massa fresca em relação aos tratamentos avaliados. A análise de observação visual indicou que o grupo do banho térmico foi o que obteve o maior número de descarte dos frutos por decomposição com, aproximadamente, 55%. Concluiu-se que a irradiação é mais efetiva para a preservação da qualidade de mangas cv. Tommy Atkins, diminuindo o surgimento de podridões ou murchamento em relação ao tratamento térmico. Entretanto, a preservação da qualidade extrínseca do fruto não é concomitantemente influenciada pelas suas características intrínsecas, uma vez que, internamente, os frutos continuam seu amadurecimento normal, independente da dose aplicada. / The purpose of the present study was to verify and compare the chemical and physical-chemical behaviour of mango cv. Tommy Atkins subjected to hydrothermal treatment and irradiation at doses 0.4 and 1.0 kGy, to complement the studies by SABATO et al (2009) in the real transport of irradiated mangoes from Brazil to Canada. These studies allowed to compare the performance of irradiation with heat treatment on the preservation of the characteristics of mango for export. For these reason fruits were divided into groups: control, heat bath (46 ° C for 90 min), at dose 0.4 kGy and at dose 1.0 kGy. The fruits were stored at low temperature (11 ° C ± 2) for 14 days, and then at room temperature (23 ° C ± 2) until the end of its useful life. During the period of cold storage the analysis were performed at intervals of 7 days and every 3 days when kept at room temperature. The results indicated that the dose of 1.0 kGy was the only group that kept the fruit with the skin color on stage 3 throughout the experimental period, but provided a greater loss of texture degradation and the levels of total acidity in the fruits with green skin. It was noted that only the control group showed higher levels of citric acid and succinic acid in the last day of the experiment. There were no significant differences in soluble solids, total sugars and evaluation of weight in relation to treatments. The analysis of visual observation indicated that the heat bath group was the one with the highest number of fruit drop by decomposition with approximately 55%. It was concluded that irradiation is more effective in preserving the quality of mangoes cv. Tommy Atkins, reducing the appearance of rot or shriveling in relation to heat treatment. However, the preservation of the skin of fruit is not concurrently influenced by its intrinsic nature, since, internally, the fruits continue their normal maturation, independent of the applied dose.

Manga, or Japanese comic books, are one of the newest popular media imports from Japan to garner a sizable following in the U.S. Shortly before the establishment of an American manga publishing industry and the investment in resources to publish manga legally, fans calling themselves scanslators or scanlators (scan + translators) began translating Japanese manga themselves and distributing it to other fans through the Internet. This dissertation focuses on the manga importation process from several different angles, comparing within each the struggles and similarities between the actions and motives of scanslators and publishers. Comparing and contrasting the practices and norms of scanslators with those of the American manga publishing industry, this case study will provide insight into the ways that fans of transnational texts are involved in a system of global media flows whose paths are determined by legal, cultural, economic, and political forces. This work focuses on three stages in the manga importation process: selection, translation, and distribution. This study is based on the textual analysis of trade journal articles and web sites, informed by interviews with scanslators and manga industry workers. I conducted interviews over a six-month period in 2008, focusing on two groups, the publishing company Tokyopop and the scanslation group "Paradise." I carried out follow-up interviews a year later. I supplemented these interviews with interviews from freelance manga translators. I demonstrate principles influencing the flow of other kinds of media across borders. Manga serves as a prime example of the rise and transformation of a genre in the book market, and more broadly as a form of media. This case also serves as a snapshot of a moment of change within the publishing industries as they move towards increased digitization.

This dissertation is a case study of the dissemination and circulation of Japanese popular cultures in the U.S., specifically focusing on the collective reception practices of individuals who identify as fans of Japanese animation, comic books, and video games. The key questions driving this project are: what difference does it make that young Americans are consuming popular cultures that are 1) international in origin and 2) specifically Japanese in origin? To answer these questions I carried out ethnographic research - such as subject interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation - to understand the significance of young adults' interest in Japanese animation and comic book works (usually referred to as "anime" and "manga," respectively). In response to my ethnographic investigation of U.S. fans' practices and experiences, I argue that many young Americans use their practices of consuming and circulating these international popular cultures to transform their immediate social landscapes, and therefore, their social and national identities as well. I also draw on methodologies from a variety of disciplines, pairing ethnographic fieldwork practices with audience reception and fandom studies, transnational media studies, and book studies approaches in order make connections between the social, cultural, performative, and national dimensions of Japanese popular culture fandom in the U.S. In addition to exploring subjects' relationship to the texts they consume, I also target the embodied spaces and processes by which Japanese popular culture is actually circulated and experienced by local U.S. audience groups. In doing so, I strive to follow the "digital life" Japanese popular culture has taken in its jump to English-language translation world-wide and the significant role fans have played in facilitating unofficial flows of Japanese popular culture through specific translation practices. I examine the scholarly and fandom struggle over ideological questions of the "authenticity" and "Americanization" of adaptations of Japanese media in the North American marketplace, as well as the struggle between fans and official adapters to assert forms of ownership over these representations. Such struggles involve these groups' often conflicting practices of adaptation, translation, and circulation of these cultures. This research adds an important dimension to current scholarship on cultural manifestations of globalization and so-called "Americanization" processes as I show how commodities from outside the U.S. are first received by U.S. audiences and then transformed through this audience's participatory engagement with the production and circulation of these works in the English language. As such, this research engages with key issues of cultural transmission, translation, practices of media localization, transnational flows, and identity formation and fandom.

This thesis analyses the concept of cosplay by critically engaging earlier theories that have claimed cosplay to be a form of escapism for fans of Japanese manga and animé. Theories have so far been concerned mainly with identifying cosplay as a type of theatre. By interviewing active cosplayers in focus groups, this thesis instead focuses on the ways in which cosplay functions as an arena for identity-creation. By looking at theories of identity, the thesis has analysed how identity is created, not by an individual, but in a reciprocal relationship with social groups. Cosplay is an element around which social groupings are built and through complex social structuring identity is created by attaching one self to the group. The group is structured by the amount of symbolic capital each member possesses, which is to say that knowledge about the stories within the group, and social relationships are determining the structure of the group. By looking at the structure of the group, we are able to gain insight into the question of cosplay as an object for identity-creation, and by looking at the interactions in the focus groups we are furthermore able to actively analyse the distribution of capital. This thesis thus asserts that cosplay does not function as a simple form of escapism that allows for cosplayer to escape their mundane lives, but that it is instead an important field for the creation of identity for the fans of manga and cosplay.

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka ungdomars reception av fenomenet manga/anime på ett etnografiskt arbetssätt, avgränsat med begreppet ungdomskultur. Fokus ligger på två mangayttringar som närmast berör ungdomar: shōjo för flickor och shōnen för pojkar. Resultatet redovisas i tre olika teman: Estetik/Stil, Makt/Könsroller och Berättelser/Myter,vilka tolkas med hjälp av ett raster på textuell, kontextuell och sociohistorisk nivå.Undersökningen är kvalitativ med sju ungdomar som informanter, och empirin består avfältanteckningar, fotodokumentation och intervjuer.Ungdomarnas fascination av mangaserier kan delvis förklaras med att de ritas i ett utstuderat ”filmiskt” maner, med snabba bildväxlingar och många olika bildvinklar, och delvis med att läsaren kan följa protagonistens utveckling under många år, parallellt med sin egen utveckling till ett vuxnare jag. Kulturyttringen uppmuntrar även till eget medskapande och egenamatörmanga-produktion, vilket medför att många ungdomar publicerar sitt eget material,både i pappersform och på internet. Detta gör fenomenet förhållandevis ohierarkiskt.Manga/anime-traditionen är ofta ironisk och lekfull, motiven i den tidiga sekventiellabildkonsten i Japan hämtades från nöjes- och teatervärlden, men under den flamsiga ytan döljsofta allvarliga resonemang. Berättartraditionen kan uppfattas utifrån tre olika modus: vardagligt, humoristiskt och poetiskt. Ungdomarna kan i postmodernistisk anda ta del av det främmande och egendomliga, men kan också; när de själva vill, stänga av och avskärma sigifrån det.Estetiken betecknas av eklekticism, brottstycken, lekfull inställning till form och konventionoch raserandet av hierarkiska traditionerna. Könsroller utmanas med crossdressing, och demanliga protagonisterna ritas ofta med påfallande feminina anletsdrag. Uppsatsen beskriverdetta med bakgrund av queerteoriska tankegångar, där en given norm ifrågasätts. Läsandet avserietidningar har nästan alltid betraktats nedlåtande, med någon form av moralpanik i sitt kölvatten. Detta kan betraktas som en reaktion mot en pågående modernisering. Resultatet av uppsatsen visar inte på någon större förändring i det traditionella könsrollstänkandet, men en viss omformulering pågår.

In the history of Japanese society spread of the Three Kingdoms story, mainly the integration of China's " Records of Three Kingdoms" and " Romance of the Three Kingdoms" the two different meanings of the text.Prior to the Meiji Restoration in Japan, the "Records of Three Kingdoms" is the record of the past history of China Ministry of history books, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the "Three Kingdoms" and popular version, to explain the "Three Kingdoms" in content.Both in terms of Chinese society may be different meaning of the text, but Japanese society is concerned, the difference may be only a difference in narrative to convey the message and meaning are the same, is the story of the history of recorded foreign text.The purpose of this study is to explore Japanese society in a different era, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", after the translation or interpretation, they demonstrate the significance of changes in China's image. Edo period of Japanese society has entered the peace, the general public began to have the ability to make contact with the consumer culture of the goods, "Three Kingdoms" in the space environment, such as the Japanese study Chinese history and culture of reference. When the Meiji Restoration, Japan was the impact of Western culture, a change in the past the Chinese learning attitude. "Three Kingdoms" has become the object of Japanese society, one study of Chinese. After World War I's high economic growth in Japan, the Japanese appear to read popular, and the commercialization of culture phenomenon. Mr Eiichi Yoshikawa Lynch's "Three Kingdoms" that reflects Japanese society, the rise of popular culture and Japanese society as a whole into the era of mass consumption. At this time the "Three Kingdoms" is regarded as China's history textbooks from the thinking, culture change has become a popular consumer goods. Japanese popular culture after World War II, the content, although generally extend the pre-war American popular culture with this combination of traditional Japanese social and moral of the model, and then updated by the development of the media, while for a number of performance, that is, Japanese comics one of them. 1970s, Yokoyama "Three Kingdoms" a Japanese comic book which, on behalf of a Chinese theme of the works. Further developed with China's image and culture related creation.