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The problem area addressed in this thesis is extraction of a data design from existing data intensive program code. The purpose of this is to help a software maintainer to understand a software system more easily because a view of a software system at a high abstraction level can be obtained. Acquiring a data design from existing data intensive program code is an important part of reverse engineering in software maintenance. A large proportion of software systems currently needing maintenance is data intensive. The research results in this thesis can be directly used in a reverse engineering tool. A method has been developed for acquiring data designs from existing data intensive programs, COBOL programs in particular. Program transformation is used as the main tool. Abstraction techniques and the method of crossing levels of abstraction are also studied for acquiring data designs. A prototype system has been implemented based on the method developed. This involved implementing a number of program transformations for data abstraction, and thus contributing to the production of a tool. Several case studies, including one case study using a real program with 7000 Hues of source code, are presented. The experiment results show that the Entity-Relationship Attribute Diagrams derived from the prototype can represent the data designs of the original data intensive programs. The original contribution of the thesis is that the approach presented in this thesis can identify and extract data relationships from the existing code by combining analysis of data with analysis of code. The approach is believed to be able to provide better capabilities than other work in the field. The method has indicated that acquiring a data design from existing data intensive program code by program transformation with human assistance is an effective method in software maintenance. Future work is suggested at the end of the thesis including extending the method to build an industrial strength tool.

This thesis proposes a method for the re-modularisation of legacy COBOL. Legacy code often performs a number of functions that if split, would improve software maintainability. For instance, program comprehension would benefit from a reduction in the size of the code modules. The method aims to identify potential reuse candidates from the functions re-modularised, and to ensure clear interfaces are present between the new modules. Furthermore, functionality is often replicated across applications and so the re-modularisation process can also seek to reduce commonality and hence the overall amount of a company's code requiring maintenance. A 10 step method is devised which assembles a number of new and existing techniques into an approach suitable for use by staff not having significant reengineering experience. Three main approaches are used throughout the method; that is the analysis of the PERFORM structure, the analysis of the data, and the use of graphical representations. Both top-down and bottom-up strategies to program comprehension are incorporated within the method as are automatable, and user controlled processes to reuse candidate selection. Three industrial case studies are used to demonstrate and evaluate the method. The case studies range in size to gain an indication of the scalability of the method. The case studies are used to evaluate the method on a step by step basis; both strong points and deficiencies are identified, as well as potential solutions to the deficiencies. A review is also presented to assesses the three main approaches of the methods; the analysis of the PERFORM and data structures, and the use of graphical representations. The review uses the process of software evolution for its evaluation using successive versions of COBOL software. The method is retrospectively applied to the earliest version and the known changes identified from the following versions are used to evaluate the re-modularisations. Within the evaluation chapters a new link within the dominance tree is proposed as is an approach for dealing with multiple dominance trees. The results show that «ach approach provides an important contribution to the method as well as giving a useful insight (in the form of graphical representations) of the process of software evolution.

Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Lisa A. Melander / The number of women incarcerated within the American penal system has been increasing in recent years. Coinciding with this rise in the incarceration rate for women, there has been increasing concern regarding women parenting behind bars and how incarceration impacts a woman's identity as a mother. As such the purpose of this paper is to examine the connection between participation in contact maintenance programs at the Topeka, Kansas Correctional Facility and their resulting impact on identity work using a sample of 34 incarcerated mothers who participated in this contact maintenance program. Results revealed that through participation in contact maintenance programs incarcerated mothers begin to develop and sustain a more pro- social image of themselves as 'good mothers.' Foundational practices of parenting and the development and sustainment of the mother-child bond are reinforced to facilitate the development of a positive self-image and to lay the groundwork for successful parenting post- release.

Aim and Problem statement The study aimed to investigate views on physical health amongst patients in methadone maintenance program, which is a subject little explored. Previous studies suggest that methadone patients are at risk developing illnesses related to the metabolic syndrome and an unhealthy lifestyle. Methadone also has side effects such as weight gain and irregular levels of glucose. Method This qualitive study included seven interviews with patients in the methadone maintenance program in Uppsala. Qualitive content analyses were performed Findings Content anlyses gave the theme: The view on physical health is a stuggle after normality were ambivalence of lifestyle changes and alienation causes instability in helath. Five categories were found: Health, to be normal struggle after normality, the importance of methadone, views on physical, mental and socioeconomic health. Lack of control causes deteriorating health about consequences from drug abuse and ambivalence to lifestyle changes. Motivation to live contains factors for increased/decreased motivation. Daily life habits and routines investigate attitudes and knowledge. Support and help from the healthcare more individually adjusted care and expanded support was desired. Conclusions Greater emphasis on physical health may provide patients receiving methadone treatment with increased well-being. Methods focusing on patients own resources to reach their goals should be used.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-19T18:27:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilasouzapereira.pdf: 2470760 bytes, checksum: c42ae5c11f9c565dfa808470683eede2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:16:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilasouzapereira.pdf: 2470760 bytes, checksum: c42ae5c11f9c565dfa808470683eede2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:16:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilasouzapereira.pdf: 2470760 bytes, checksum: c42ae5c11f9c565dfa808470683eede2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A elaboração e aplicação de um programa adequado de manutenção de edifícios é capaz de minimizar o surgimento de manifestações patológicas e de outros problemas inerentes à edificação, bem como corrigi-los quando ocorrerem. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal elaborar um Programa de Manutenção aplicável às Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) da cidade de Juiz de Fora. Assim, foram realizados levantamentos in loco, bem como entrevistas não estruturadas para a identificação da problemática atual. Constatou-se a presença de anomalias de diferentes origens e a inadequada manutenção das edificações destinadas às UAPS. Finalmente, obteve-se um Programa de Manutenção abordando questões relativas a Manutenções Preventivas e Corretivas. Desta forma, espera-se colaborar com a melhor organização dos serviços de manutenção nas unidades de saúde, interferindo o mínimo nas atividades externas prestadas à população. / The development and implementation of an appropriate maintenance program of buildings can minimize the appearance of pathological manifestations and other problems inherent in building and correcting them when they occur. In this sense, this work aimed to develop a Maintenance Program applicable to Units of Primary Health Care (UAPS) from the city of Juiz de Fora. Thus, surveys were conducted on-site as well as unstructured interviews to identify the current problems. It was verified the presence of anomalies of different origins and inadequate maintenance of buildings to UAPS. Finally, we obtained a Maintenance Program addressing issues related to Preventive and Corrective Maintenance. Thus, it is expected to collaborate with the best organization of maintenance services at health facilities, with minimal disturbance in outside activities provided to the population.

Den här uppsatsen behandlar inskolningen till VVS-montör och huvudfrågan som ställts är hur VVS-montörerna upplever att de tagit till sig de praktiska färdigheter och de teoretiska kunskaper som behövs till att bli certifierad VVS-montör och när de uppfattar att de kände yrkesidentitet. Metoden som använts är kvalitativ och i huvudsak induktiv. Det empiriska materialet baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta nyligen certifierade VVS-montörer. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns ett starkt fokus på att förmedla yrkesidentitet på yrkesutbildningar och att ett praktiskt yrke handlar om att lära sig en kultur lika mycket som att lära sig det praktiska yrket och att mycket av det som lärs ut är så kallad tyst kunskap. Denna uppsats pekar på att teori och praktik följs åt under utbildningens gång. För vissa personer behöver teorin komma först för att de lättare ska kunna ta till sig det praktiska och tvärt om. Vidare visade det sig att det var väldigt lite teoretisk undervisning under lärlingstiden och lärlingarna arbetar nästan uteslutande med den teoretiska instuderingen på egen hand under den perioden. Resultatet är relevant för att kunna förbättra utbildningen för praktiska utbildningar. Bland annat genom att bli bättre på att växla mellan teori och praktik under grundutbildningen men också genom att lägga in mer teoriutbildning i fortbildningstiden / This thesis deals with the training towards becoming a plumber and the main question that has been asked is how the plumbers feel that they have acquired the practical skills and theoretical knowledge needed to become a certified plumber and when they feel they identify with their profession. The method used is qualitative and essentially inductive. The empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews with eight newly certified plumbers. Previous research has shown that there is a strong focus on imparting professional identity in vocational education and that a practical profession is about learning a culture as much as learning the practical profession and that much of what is taught is so-called tacit knowledge. This essay points out that theory and practice go together during the education. For some people, the theory needs to come first for them to absorb more easily the practical and vice versa. Furthermore, it turned out that there was very little theoretical teaching during the apprenticeship and the apprentices work almost exclusively with the theoretical study on their own during that period. The result is relevant to be able to improve the training for practical educations. Among other things, by becoming better at switching between theory and practice during undergraduate training, but also by adding more theory training to the continuing education period. / <p>Godkänd 2023-02-28</p>

Emissions from light-duty passenger vehicles represent a significant portion of total criteria pollutant emissions in the United States. Since the 1970s, emissions testing of these vehicles has been required in many major metropolitan areas, including Atlanta, GA, that were designated to be in non-attainment for one or more of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. While emissions inspections have successfully reduced emissions by identifying and repairing high emitting vehicles, they have been increasingly inefficient as emissions control systems have become more durable and fewer vehicles are in need of repair. Currently, only about 9% of Atlanta area vehicles fail emissions inspection, but every vehicle is inspected annually. This research addresses explores ways to create a more efficient emissions testing program while continuing to use existing testing infrastructure. To achieve this objective, on road vehicle emissions data were collected as a part of the Continuous Atlanta Fleet Evaluation program sponsored the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. These remote sensing data were combined with in-program vehicle inspection data from the Atlanta Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program to establish the degree to which on road vehicle remote sensing could be used to enhance program efficiency. Based on this analysis, a multi-parameter model was developed to predict the probability of a particular vehicle failing an emissions inspection. The parameters found to influence the probability of failure include: vehicle characteristics, ownership history, vehicle usage, previous emission test results, and remote sensing emissions readings. This model was the foundation for a proposed emissions testing program that would create variable timing for vehicle retesting with high and low failure probability vehicles being more and less frequently, respectively, than the current annual cycle. Implementation of this program is estimated to reduce fleet emissions of 17% for carbon monoxide, 11% for hydrocarbons, and 5% for nitrogen oxides in Atlanta. These reductions would be achieved very cost-effectively at an estimated marginal cost of $149, $7,576 and $2,436 per-ton-per-year for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides emissions reductions respectfully.

Syftet med arbetet är att belysa och förbättra maskinunderhållet inom Sweprod. Detta med fokus på eloxeringsprocessen samt att identifiera hur förebyggande underhåll på bästa sätt kan införas på Sweprod. Målet med studien är att ge organisationen en bild av hur det förebyggande underhållet ser ut och att ge dem förslag på vad det finns för förbättringsåtgärder och hur det kan implementeras. Organisationen har, som många andra verksamheter som arbetar inom tillverkning av produkter, många maskiner som kräver någon typ av underhåll. Ytbehandlingsprocessen som studien beskriver, kallas för eloxering och är en process som hanterar ytan på plåtar för att kunna färglägga dempå ett korrekt sätt. Oplanerade driftstopp på maskiner och förseningar i leveranser av produkter inom organisationen har gjort att underhållsprocessen hamnat i fokus. Organisationen reagerar oftare när något händer i form av korrigerande underhåll istället för att planera in förebyggande underhåll eller villkorbaserat underhåll för att minska sannolikheten att något händer. Det har gjort att organisationen vill se över rutinerna kring underhållet med fokus på det förebyggande underhållet. Studien lyfter främst fram olika underhållsstrukturer med inriktning på förebyggande underhåll. Studien hanterar även förslag på hur organisationer på ett effektivt sätt kan arbeta med att implementera eventuella förbättringsområden som identifieras med hjälp av kvalitetsverktyg. Intervjuer med medarbetare och ledning inom organisationen har varit en stor faktor för att identifiera orsaker till att underhållet anses vara bristfälligt. Det har resulterat i att identifiering av grundorsaker inom eloxeringsprocessen har hittats som visar att med relation till olika underhållsstrukturer finns förbättringsmöjligheter inom främst helhetsstrukturen. Det som ligger i fokus är främst underliggande struktur i from av Maintenance Management, Routine Maintenance Program, Reliability-Centered Maintenance, Total Productive Maintenance. Inom eloxeringsprocessen finns det också flera kontrollmätningar som inte används till det förebyggande underhållet. Hade processen strukturerats med hjälp av Maintenance Management hade ett villkorbaserat underhåll varit av nytta för processen. Studien som har utförts av författaren har stegvis gett en inblick i vilka orsaker som är bristfälliga inom organisationen. Det har också gett en mer detaljerad inblick i eloxeringsprocessen, där det även identifierades grundorsaker som visar att underhållsstrukturen är en faktor till att förebyggande underhållet anses vara bristfälligt. Studien har också med hjälp av tidigare forskning identifierat angreppsätt för hur strukturen bör se ut inom organisationen med koppling till undersökningen som gjorts. Förslag har också presenterats på hur organisationen på ett effektivt sätt skulle kunna implementera underhållsstrukturen till eloxeringsprocessen med hjälp av en implementeringsprocess.

The Atlanta Inspection and Maintenance program ultimately aims to reduce on-road vehicular emission, a major source of air pollution. The program enforces eligible vehicles to be inspected and repaired, if necessary, before the annual registration renewal. However, various factors can influence the program implementation with respect to the motorists, inspectors, and testing technology. This research explores some of these factors by using empirical data from the Continuous Atlanta Fleet Evaluation project, the inspection transaction records, the Atlanta Household Travel Survey, and the U.S. Census Bureau. The study discusses policy implications of findings from the three essays and offers related recommendations. The first essay examines whether the higher income of a vehicle owner decreases the odds of the vehicle failing the first inspection. Findings show that vehicles owned by low-income households are more likely to fail the first inspection of the annual test cycle. However, after controlling for the vehicle characteristics, the odds of failing the first inspection are similar across households. This suggests that the maintenance behaviors are approximately the same for high- and low-income households. The second essay explains the motorists' decisions in selecting their inspection stations using a random utility model. The study finds that motorists are likely to choose the inspection stations that are located near their houses, charge lower fees, and can serve a large number of customers. Motorists are less likely to choose the stations with a relatively high failure ratio especially in an area of low station density. Moreover, motorists do not travel an extra mile to the stations with lower failure ratio. Understanding choices of vehicle owners can shed some light on the performance of inspection stations. The third essay investigates the validity and reliability of the on-board diagnostic generation II (OBD II) test, a new testing technology required for 1966 and newer model year vehicles. The study compares the inspection results with the observed on-road emission using the remote sensing device (RSD) of the same vehicles. This research finds that the agreement between the RSD measurement and the OBD II test is lower for the relatively older or higher use vehicle fleets