Hipertensão arterial (HA) ou pressão alta é uma doença com elevação crônica da pressão arterial (PA) e uma das maiores causas de óbitos no mundo. Há diferença sexual na HA. Receptores Toll-Like (TLRs) ativados induzem inflamação, situação presente na HA. Avaliamos o papel do DNA mitocondrial (DNAmit), que ativa TLR9 e é liberado por necrose celular, na reatividade de aortas de ratos hipertensos (SHR) machos e fêmeas. Estudamos a incubação do DNAmit na reatividade à acetilcolina, nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS), noradrenalina e fenilefrina (Fe), na expressão de TLR9, MyD88, ERK e eNOS e na concentração de IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 e EROs. O conteúdo de DNAmit no soro e a PA foram maiores em machos SHR versus outros grupos. Em aortas de machos SHR o DNAmit alterou a reatividade ao NPS e Fe, ↑ERK e o DNAmit+Fe potencializou a ERK e ↑IL-6, TNF-α e IL-10. Nas fêmeas SHR o DNAmit ↓ERK, TNF-α e o aumento de EROs induzido por Fe. Portanto, há diferença sexual na modulação da resposta vascular de SHR pelo DNAmit. Tratamento similar da HA para homens e mulheres deve ser reavaliado. / Arterial hypertension (AH) or high blood pressure is a disease with chronic blood pressure (BP) elevation and one of the major causes of death in world. There is sexual difference in AH. Activated Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) induce inflammation, a condition present in AH. We evaluated the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which activates TLR9 and is release by cellular necrosis, in aorta reactivity of male and female hypertensive rats (SHR). We studied mtDNA incubation in acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), noradrenaline and phenylephrine (Phe) reactivity, in TLR9, MyD88, ERK and eNOS expression and in IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and ROS concentration. Serum mtDNA content and BP were higher in males SHR versus other groups. In male SHR aorta the mtDNA modified the reactivity to SNP and Phe, ↑ERK and mtDNA+Phe potentiated ERK and ↑IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. In females SHR the mtDNA ↓ERK, TNF-α and the increase in ROS induced by Phe. Thus, there is sexual difference in mtDNA modulation of SHR vascular response. Similar AH treatment for men and women might be reevaluated.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Cristina Godoy Jasinski.pdf: 3849900 bytes, checksum: f8ecb7e08b0fac6fae8e4aec5fe4c1e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-12 / This study aimed to: develop methodological sequences for the collection and analysis of essential oils and phenolic compounds of B. uncinella, applicable to the study of other species of the genus Baccharis; determined by techniques of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves of male and female specimens of B. uncinella from different populations of the plant growing in nature; isolate and determine the chemical structure of phenolic compounds present in leaves using mainly chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In the Campos Gerais of Paraná, it was observed the occurrence of two supposed varieties of B. uncinella, Bu1 and Bu2, with markedly different sizes and quite different flowering times. For the first time the leaves were collected from male and female specimens of two populations of B. uncinella, proceed to the extraction and analysis of essential oils by GC-MS techniques. The essential oils of four samples had very similar compositions, as opposed to frequently published data indicating no difference between the compositions of oils of male and female specimens of the same species of Baccharis. The results obtained in this study are due to the care in collections of male and female specimens (in the same place and time), in the preparation of material (careful separation of the leaves), using the same conditions in the hydrodestillation and analysis by CG-EM . All four samples had low levels of monoterpenes and the following sesquiterpenes as the main components: caryophyllene (Bu1 10.03% and Bu1 7.64%; Bu2 6.06% and Bu2 7.96%); spathulenol (Bu1 28.99% and Bu1 29.68%; Bu2 24.30% and Bu2 16.94%), caryophyllene oxide (Bu1 12.98% and Bu2 14.24%; Bu2 9.75% and Bu2 23.52%). These results also confirmed the botanical identifications that were made based on the morphology of flowers, indicating the inexistence of the supposed sub-species. The water remaining after the hydrodestillation was extracted with CHCl3 and then with AcOEt, yielding four extracts containing mainly 3.5-dicaffeoylquinic and 3.4-dicaffeoylquinic acids, as demonstrated by analysis of their 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The leaves were also extracted in Sohxlet using three solvents in sequence: CHCl3, AcOEt and MeOH. Part of the methanol extract was purified by dissolving it in water, removing the precipitates formed by a cold rest and extracting it with AcOEt. The extract thus obtained with ethyl acetate was subjected to several vacuum chromatography steps leading to the isolation and identification of 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid by the analysis of its 1H and 13C NMR spectra. This route to the phenolic compounds was improved by obtaining extracts with ethyl acetate from aqueous solution at pH 8 and pH 3. The extract made in slightly alkaline conditions contained mainly flavonoids, while the one obtained at pH 3 contained derivatives of quinic acid. The AcOEt extract at pH 8 was fractionated on silica gel column under pressure leading to the isolation of three flavonoids identified by their UV, 1H and 13C NMR spectra (quercetin, luteolin and apigenin). The AcOEt extract at pH 4 was fractionated on a silica gel column leading to the isolation and identification of 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid by the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. / Este estudo teve como objetivos: desenvolver seqüências metodológicas para a obtenção e análise de óleos essenciais e compostos fenólicos de B. uncinella, aplicáveis ao estudo de outras espécies do gênero Baccharis; determinar por técnicas de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas, a composição química dos óleos essenciais das folhas de espécimes masculinos e femininos de B. uncinella procedentes de diferentes populações da planta crescendo in natura; isolar e determinar a estrutura química de compostos fenólicos presentes nas folhas utilizando, principalmente, métodos cromatográficos e espectrométricos. Nos Campos Gerais do Paraná, foi observada a ocorrência de duas supostas variedades de B. uncinella, Bu1 e Bu2, com portes acentuadamente diferentes e épocas de floração bem distintas. Pela primeira vez foram coletadas as folhas de espécimes masculinos e femininos de duas populações de B. uncinella, procedendo-se à extração e análise de seus óleos essenciais por técnicas de CG-EM. Os óleos essenciais das quatro amostras apresentaram composições muito semelhantes, em contraposição a dados frequentemente publicados, que indicam haver diferenças entre as composições de óleos de espécimes masculinos e femininos da mesma espécie de Baccharis. O resultado obtido na presente pesquisa se deve aos cuidados tomados nas coletas dos espécimes masculinos e femininos (mesmo local e horário), na preparação do material (separação minuciosa das folhas), no uso das mesmas condições nas hidrodestilações e nas análises por CG-EM. Todas as quatro amostras apresentaram baixos teores de monoterpenos e os seguintes sesquiterpenos como principais componentes: cariofileno (Bu1 10,03% e Bu1 7,64%; Bu2 6,06% e Bu2 7,96%); espatulenol (Bu1 28,99% e Bu1 29,68%; Bu2 24,30 %e Bu2 16,94%); cariofileno óxido (Bu1 12,98% e Bu2 14,24%; Bu2 9,75% e Bu2 23,52%). Estes resultados também confirmaram as identificações botânicas feitas com base na morfologia das flores, indicando a inexistência da suposta variedade. As águas restantes após as hidrodestilações foram extraídas com CHCl3 e em seguida com AcOEt, obtendo-se quatro extratos contendo principalmente os ácidos 3,5- dicafeoilquínico e 3,4-dicafeoilquínico, como demonstrado por análises dos seus espectros de RMN de 1H e 13C. As folhas foram também extraídas em Sohxlet por solventes em sequência:CHCl3, AcOEt e MeOH. Parte do extrato metanólico foi purificado dissolvendo-se em água, eliminando os precipitados formados por repouso a frio e extraindo-se com AcOEt. O extrato obtido desta forma com acetato de etila foi submetido a diversas cromatografias a vácuo, sendo isolado e identificado o ácido 3,5-dicafeoilquínico pela análise dos espectros de RMN de 1H e 13C. Esta rota para os compostos fenólicos foi melhorada através da obtenção de extratos com acetato de etila a partir da solução aquosa em pH 8 e em pH 3. O extrato feito em meio levemente alcalino continha principalmente flavonóides, enquanto que o que foi obtido em pH 3 continha os derivados do ácido quínico. O extrato AcOEt em pH 8 foi fracionado em coluna de silica gel sob pressão, levando ao isolamento e identificação de três flavonóides, identificados pelos seus espectros de UV, RMN 1H e 13C (quercetina, luteolina e apigenina). O extrato AcOEt em pH 4 foi fracionado em coluna de sílica gel, isolando-se e identificando-se o ácido 3,4-dicafeoilquínico pelo seus espectros de RMN de 1H e de 13C.

O trabalho debruçou-se sobre os romances Philomena Borges (1884), O Cortiço (1890), ambos do escritor naturalista Aluísio Azevedo e A Silveirinha (1914), de Júlia Lopes de Almeida. O estudo da obra deteve-se na representação feminina das personagens Philomena, Pombinha e Silveirinha, focalizando o percurso gerativo do sentido, com ênfase nos temas e figuras, sob a luz da semiótica francesa, de matriz greimasiana. Observando a cena enunciativa das obras, algumas escritoras brasileiras mencionadas na imprensa do século XIX/XX e, posteriormente, catalogadas pelo grupo de estudos sobre a Mulher na Literatura (GT-Anpoll) foram selecionadas para compor o corpus de análise. A construção da cena teve a finalidade de evocar reflexões em torno do papel da mulher na sociedade carioca/brasileira (escritoras e interventoras sociais) do mesmo período, bem como assinalar a caracterização feminina da mulher de papel (personagens). Infiltrando-se neste universo, a pesquisa deteve-se nas oposições existentes entre a formação do discurso masculino e do feminino, pairando sobre a polêmica existente entre homens e mulheres. Na mesma perspectiva, a pesquisa se estendeu para a focalização do ethos dos autores (de um escritor e uma escritora) por meio dos enunciadores de suas produções. / The present work concentrates on the novels \"Philomena Borges\" (1884), \"O cortiço\" (1890), both by the writer and naturalist Aluísio Azevedo and \"A Silveirinha\" (1914) by Julia Lopes de Almeida. The study of the current work focuses on the representation of the female characters of Philomena, Pombinha and Silveirinha, following the route of the generative sense, giving importance to themes and figures under the light of the French semiotics of greimasian matrix. Observing the scene of the enunciation works, some Brazilian writers mentioned in the press of the XIX / XX centuries, and later cataloged by the Study Group on Women in Literature (GT-ANPOLL) were selected to compose the corpus of analysis. The construction of the scene was designed to evoke reflections on the role of women in society Rio / Brazil (writers and social interventionists) in the same period and report the characterization of female \"womans role\" (characters). Infiltrating this universe, the research is stopped in the oppositions between the formation of male and female speech, hovering about the controversy between men and women. In the same perspective, the research extended to the focus of the ethos of the authors (a male and a female writers) through the enunciators and their productions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilzete Passos Magalhaes.pdf: 1085410 bytes, checksum: 544367ba9bd174ca6373ecbdf047c3e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-11 / Analytical Psychology believes that psychological aspects are also expressed through myths, folklore, fairy tales and historical-cultural processes. Seeking to grasp these phenomena, it promotes dialogues with various areas of knowledge. This research aims to understand The River Dolphin legend under the symbolic viewpoint and its significance to masculinity, femininity and gender relations in some groups of riverside communities in the Amazon Region. For this study, we adopted the qualitative method of analysis by means of a documentary research from which we selected narratives about this folklorical character in literature, music, film, and the testimonials of people from coastal communities compiled by scholars in History, Anthropology, Music and Analytical Psychology. The chosen material was submitted to the archetypal symbolic processing (PENNA, 2009) that proposes the understanding of the symbol meaning, and from this research stage onwards we identified three thematic groups for analysis: the symbolism of nature in The River Dolphin legend, the dynamics of the psyche in gender relations in riverine communities, and The River Dolphin and its reflection in the myths. The results of the study suggest the influence of geographical and cultural aspects in the riverine imagery, also indicating that The River Dolphin legend deals with themes that could lead to defensive separation of male and female in the constitution of genres and their relationship / A Psicologia Analítica considera que aspectos psíquicos se expressam também por meio de mitos, folclore, contos e processos histórico-culturais e, na busca da compreensão desses fenômenos, promove diálogos com diversas áreas do conhecimento. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a lenda O Boto sob o ponto de vista simbólico e o seu significado para a masculinidade, a feminilidade e a relação de gênero em alguns grupos de comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia. Para a realização deste estudo, adotamos o método de análise qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa documental em que selecionamos narrativas sobre o personagem do folclore O Boto presentes na literatura, na música, no cinema e nos depoimentos de pessoas de comunidades ribeirinhas compilados por estudiosos da História, Antropologia, Música e Psicologia Analítica. O material eleito foi submetido ao processamento simbólico arquetípico (PENNA, 2009) que propõe a compreensão do significado do símbolo e, a partir dessa etapa da pesquisa, foram identificados três grupos temáticos para análise: o simbolismo da natureza na lenda O Boto, a dinâmica da psique nas relações de gênero nas comunidades ribeirinhas, e O Boto e seu reflexo nos mitos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem a influência dos aspectos geográficos e culturais no imaginário ribeirinho e que a lenda do Boto aponta temas que podem levar à separação defensiva do masculino e feminino na constituição dos gêneros e em sua relação

本文旨在探討一位十八世紀中後期的英國女作家瑪麗?吳爾史東克拉芙特(Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797，以下簡稱為瑪麗)，她對當時英國社會各種有關兩性不平等的互動關係反應在政治、社會、教育、哲學各方面的所見所思，其系統性的論述，其與同時期女性思潮的交流互動，以及其兩性思想對當代人們的啟發性影響。 十八世紀的英國社會塑造出的女性行為標準，簡而言之，即為「端莊淑女」(the proper lady)，及由此一標準延伸出的各種行為規範，例如謙虛、忠貞、柔弱、順從、依賴。以往人們多從男性利益的角度來詮釋這些女性特質，而將之視為女性(應實踐)的美德；瑪麗卻從兩性平等對待、與人權的觀點切入，論證說明這些看似美好、實則帶有箝制性且不利於兩性的女性特質，正是阻礙女性開發理性、獲取知識、實踐美德的主因。而將這些人為的、不自然的女性特質加諸女性身上的父權體制與男性觀點，則是瑪麗所要質疑並挑戰的主要目標。 瑪麗借重男性思想家揭櫫的理性思想，重新詮釋「人權」理念，使理性的主體包含兩性，使行使權利的對象擴及為兩性。她從家庭中父權至上的權力運作，論述到政治社會中男性獨佔公民權利與權力的不平等機制，並進一步提出具體而建設性的實踐改革之道。她主張由教育著手，根本改變人們的心態、思維、觀點、行為；此種教育制度必須由政府公家辦理，以避免以往家庭教育、私立學校與住宿學校產生的弊病。她並以身作則，力圖打破舊有的女性形象，重塑一健全而有利於兩性的女性形象。她更從功利性的角度出發，以此說服兩性為達良善社會的理想，共同努力改進。她明確指出社會欲有所改善，則女性首須獲得權利，才可能成為一個理性的人 ，一個有能力盡義務、享權利的公民。 瑪麗的兩性思想建立於理性調節情感、情感推動理性的思想基礎上，以女性權利為改善兩性互動、改革社會的起點，以兩性互助互利為目標，以人人實踐美德、共臻良善社會為終點。其思想雖可大致包含於自由主義的女性主義思潮內，深入分析之，則其另具有烏托邦主義、及社會主義、激進主義的成份在內，可謂與其同時代女性思潮的先鋒，有其不可輕忽的貢獻。瑪麗的兩性思想對於兩個世紀後的當代人們，實仍具有許多啟發性與進一步詮釋與探究的價值。

Theories are tools with which we critically analyze society‟s structure and understand experiences that are not our own. When theories no longer describe the narratives that they claim, we must update them. This thesis proposes to do just that. The trans theories of J. Halberstam and Jay Prosser will be analyzed using ten autobiographies written by self-identified FTM transsexuals and transmen. Prosser and Halberstam are two well-known theorists in the field of trans theory. J. Halberstam approaches FTM transsexuality from the perspective of a lesbian feminist, who has an understanding of transgender butch individuals. Jay Prosser writes from the perspective of being a FTM transsexual himself. I chose publications by these theorists because they had sections that focused specifically on FTM narratives, and they both used at least two of the autobiographies I use and they were published the same year. Therefore, I found them to be two theoretical frameworks that could be compared on several different levels. The publication dates of the ten narratives range from the 1970s to the early 2000s. Applicability of the theories will be measured by comparing them to what the autobiographers say about their lives. The tool of analysis will be five focus areas that are represented, to some degree, in each narrative. They are: Trying to fit into female roll/body/world; Discovering one is Trans/Coming Out; Acquiring Hormones and Sexual Reassignment Surgery; Trying to Establish/Re-establish a Confident Identity; and Romantic/Sexual Relationships.. I will discuss how helpful each theory is in accordance with these narratives. The aim of this thesis is to assess how well each theorist addresses the issue of transsexual identity. The field of transsexual research is still new and developing, there are many interesting parts of these narratives that can be delved into further. I will conclude by proposing a new trans theoretical view point that would better help one to understand the process of female-to-male transition. What one should take away from this thesis is that despite differences in sex and gender formation, these people are, like the rest of the world, trying to create an identity that they not only feel comfortable with as a representation of themselves, but also one that they can be proud of.

Socialt stöd är ett etablerat begrepp som har undersökts främst i relation till stressreduktion och hälsa. I denna undersökning är syftet att få kännedom om skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i socialt stöd, samt undersöka om det sociala stödet generellt söks från män eller kvinnor. Deltagarna bestod av 113 studenter från en högskola i Mellansverige, varvid 76.6 % var kvinnor. Data inhämtades med Berlin Social Support Scale, samt genom egenutformade frågor beträffande vilket kön människor generellt vänder sig till vid sökande av socialt stöd. Envägs variansanalys för oberoende respektive beroende mätningar användes som analysmetod. Män och kvinnor upplevde samt sökte socialt stöd i lika stor utsträckning. Kvinnor upplevde däremot ett högre behov av stöd än män. Både män och kvinnor vände generellt sig till kvinnor vid sökande av socialt stöd. Slutsatsen som drogs var att kvinnor i högre grad tillskrivs egenskaper som korrelerar positivt med socialt stöd.

Title: : Analysis of squash match, comaparison between male and female players Objectives: This thesis shall compare different types of service, returns and third shots and their combinations between male and female players and estimate their usage and average success rate in professional squash matches. Methods: Indirect analysis - videoanalysis Results: Most used serve for both sex is backhande serve and three-wall serve, most used return is volley straight back and cross back, third shot was mostly directed to left side of the court. Better chances of winning had female players directing return straight back, men had better chaces directing return cross back. In profesional squash is minimum returns directing straight front, cross front and boast. Keywords: Squash, service, return, direction, tactics, typology of players, comparison, male, female, notational analysis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscaMSRL_TESE.pdf: 2808012 bytes, checksum: a7e097aeb64526d8b841387c288d8bf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-20 / Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte / In this research study, in which I discuss the discursive constitution of ethnic-racial identity of black male and female teachers, I understand that the process of identity formation of the subject covers both personal/family and social/professional areas. In it, I propose, in general terms, to analyze the discursive practices present in narratives of black male and female teachers when they look for their social insertion into different social contexts, identifying outbreaks of resistance that are present in their process of ethnicracial identities. The fundamental issue that permeates the survey investigates: how can black male and female teachers behave discursively in the construction of ethnicracial identities in multiple distinct contexts? The theoretical foundations that support this research work come from theoretical fields that complement each other; among them, French Discourse Analysis, Foucault s Theory and cultural studies. These, even with their singularities, are being interlaced by the conception that conceives language as social practice. Methodologically, I adopt an interpretative and qualitative paradigm to examine not only the linguistic repertoires that compose these teachers written narratives written but also the data that were generated by semi-structured interviews. The results show that the subjects, realizing contrary forces that interfere in their process of social inclusion, make use of acetic techniques to (re)signify the history of their lives / Nessa pesquisa em que discuto a constitui??o discursiva de identidades ?tnicorraciais de docentes negros e negras, parto da compreens?o de que o processo de forma??o identit?ria do sujeito abrange tanto a ?rea pessoal/familiar quanto ? social/profissional. Nela, proponho-me, a analisar as pr?ticas discursivas presentes em narrativas de quinze professores/as negros/as residentes nas cidades de Assu e Pend?ncias RN quando buscam sua inser??o em diversas inst?ncias sociais, identificando focos de resist?ncias que atravessam seu processo constitutivo de identidades ?tnicorraciais. A quest?o fundamental que perpassa a pesquisa investiga: Como ser? que professores/as negros/as se posicionam discursivamente na constru??o de identidades ?tnicorraciais nas diversas inst?ncias sociais? Os fundamentos que respaldam a pesquisa adv?m de campos te?ricos que se articulam, entre outros, a AD francesa, teoriza??es foucaultianas e os estudos culturais. Esses, mesmo com suas singularidades, est?o sendo entrela?ados pelo fio condutor que concebe a linguagem enquanto pr?tica social. Metodologicamente, adoto um paradigma qualitativo interpretativista para examinar n?o apenas os repert?rios lingu?sticos que comp?em narrativas escritas por docentes, mas tamb?m os dados gerados pelas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados indiciam que os sujeitos colaboradores, ao perceberem as for?as contr?rias que atravessam seu processo de inser??o social, se utilizam de t?cnicas ac?ticas para (re) significarem suas hist?rias de vida

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