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Thesis (M. Tech. (Business Administration)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014 / This exploratory study seeks to contribute to the theoretical and empirical understanding of the transition of small businesses from the informal to the formal sector. It builds on the role of the informal sector as “engines” for economic and socio-cultural development. Using selected businesses in the Mangaung area of the Free State province as case studies, this study investigates the motives for transition of informal businesses to the formal sector in South Africa, challenges encountered in the process of formalisation and the coping strategies relied upon to deal with challenges encountered in the process of formalisation. Key indicators were identified from the literature and were further developed for investigation. A qualitative approach was used for the collection of data from selected transited businesses in the Bloemfontein area using semi-structured interviews. Findings from the study suggest that the decision by small business owners to formalise is motivated by their desire to grow and expand their businesses; access to proper banking services; and to access government contracts and tenders. The results also reveal that the quest for growth is however hindered by long queues endured by business applicants during the process of formalisation; lack of adequate and relevant information on the process of formalisation; coupled with the lack of government support for informal businesses’ transitioning to the formal sector. Findings further revealed that adequate information on the process of formalisation and self-trust are key coping mechanisms needed by small business owners to successfully progress/ transit to the formal sector. Based on these findings, the study recommends that government both provincial and national play a more proactive role in regulating the informal economy by creating an environment conducive for their growth and development, and facilitating their transition to the formal sector. Informal small business owners also must be provided with information on the process of formalisation and of the existing government structures put in place to support businesses in their transition phase.

The dissertation discusses the impact of change management during the implementation of an IT system. The theoretical part of the dissertation is aimed at gaining information about human performance, and the implications during the implementation of the system, and also post-implementation. Literature suggests that the human factor is the key to the successful implementation of system projects. The study, which is qualitative in nature, makes use of face-to-face interviews for the collection of evidence, as well as questionnaires as add-on tools to support the underlying constructs and research questions posed within the study. The use of data obtained from the research interviews, as well as survey data, has provided the research study with the necessary validity, reliabilityand trustworthy data to support the research results, findings – and to be able to make some recommendations. The reason for the failure of system implementation projects is often due to poor implementation during the project. It is important to place the importance of people on a par with technology and processes. A holistic approach would be the most likely to result in the acceptance – and the efficient and effective use of the implemented system. Communication, training and management participation are common means of addressingany fears of change, and to build trust. This information should be utilised by project teams during implementation projects, as it should help to provide the necessary framework to ensure the success of the change initiatives. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Management)

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Good governance, improved service delivery and sound fiscal rnanagernent are sorne of the key initiatives of the National Government to create a better life for all South Africans as stated in the preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa,1996 (Act 108 of 1996). Municipalities, in particular, have a specific reference framework in this regard. In each of these initiatives there is a certain amount of inherent risks which may hamper the Government's overall service delivery programmes. In terms of the Municipal Finance Management Act, 2003 (Act 56 of 2003) for Local Government, councillors and municipal managers are, inter alia, responsible to ensure good corporate governance, ensure effective, efficient and transparent systems of financial - and risk management, internal control as well as the managing and safeguarding of assets and to ensure sustainable service delivery to communities. Rendering services of a high standard, economically and utilising resources efficiently remains a challenge for South Africa as a whole and in particular for local government. The absence of a corporate mechanism or model for the City of Cape Town makes it difficult to ensure that risks are addressed in an integrated manner. The development of a risk management model supporting corporate governance for the City of Cape Town will endeavour to reduce and/or minimise its risks. The question that arises and which this research study seeks to provide an answer to is "How can the City of Cape Town deal with risks relating to corporate governance in order to fulfil its constitutional and legislative obligations to its community in a sustainable manner?" The findings of applicable risk management models and/or approaches implemented at organisations representing semi-private and private sectors were analysed for consideration during the development of a proposed risk management model for the City of Cape Town. Legislative requirements and specific developments on risk management in the public sector have been researched in an attempt to determine what local government is expected to do in addressing their risks. When addressing the issue of corporate governance, Chief Executive Officers should reassess their organisations' corporate culture and set the "tone from the top". In the City of Cape Town's case the City Manager has a critical role in balancing the need to address competitive forces and the need to consistently do the right things. Top Management should constantly evaluate the completeness and appropriateness of corporate governance policies and practices as well as critical processes, internal controls and other risk management practices. Furthermore, the quality and competence of all staff need to be examined to determine if they understand government's challenges with regard to corporate governance. The development of a risk management model for the City of Cape Town will enable the organisation to pro-actively address its risks in this regard to fulfil its constitutional and applicable legislative requirements. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Goeie regering, verbeterde dienslewering en gesonde finansiele bestuur is van die vername inisiatiewe van die Nasionale Regering om 'n beter lewe vir aile Suid-Afrikaners te skep soos vervat in die aanhef van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996 (Wet 108 van 1996). In hierdie verband het munisipaliteite, in besonder, 'n spesifieke verwysingsraamwerk. In elk van hierdie inisialiewe is daar 'n sekere mate van inherente risiko's teenwoordig wat die Regering se algehele diensleweringsprogramme kan korlwiek. In terme van die Wet op Munisipale Finansiele Bestuur, 2003 (Wet 56 van 2003) vir Plaaslike Regering is, onder andere, raadslede en munisipale bestuurders, veranlwoordelik om goeie korporatiewe bestuur te verseker, doeltreffende, voordelige en deursigtige stelsels vir finansiele - en risikobestuur, interne beheer asook die bestuur en beskerming van bates te verseker en om volhoubare dienslewering aan gemeenskappe te verseker. Die lewering van dienste van 'n hoe standard, ekonomies en die voordeligste gebruik van hulpbronne is 'n uitdaging vir Suid-Afrika in bree en spesifiek oak vir plaaslike regering. Die afwesigheid van 'n korporatiewe meganisme of model maak dit moeilik vir die Stad Kaapstad om te verseker dat risiko's op 'n integrale wyse aangespreek word. Die onlwikkeling van 'n risikobestuursmodel ter ondersteuning van korporatiewe bestuur vir die Stad Kaapstad sal poog om risiko's te verminder en/te beperk. Die vraag wat ontstaan en wat deur hierdie navorsingstudie beanlwoord moet word is "Hoe kan die Stad Kaapstad risiko's ten opsigte van korporaliewe bestuur aanspreek ten einde te voldoen aan die konstitutionele en wetlike verpligtinge aan sy gemeenskap op 'n volhoubare wyse?" Die bevindinge van toepaslike risikobestuursmodelle en/of benaderings wat deur semi-privaat en private ondernemings ge"implementeer word, is ontleed vir oorweging gedurende die onlwikkeling van 'n voorgestelde risikobestuursmodel vir die Stad Kaapstad. Wetlike vereistes en spesifieke onlwikkelinge rondom risikobestuur in die openbare sektor is nagevors in 'n poging om vas te stel wat van plaaslike regerings verwag word lydens die aanspreek van hul risiko's. Wanneer die kwessie van korporatiewe bestuur aangespreek word, behoorl Hoof Uitvoerende Beamptes hul organisasies se korporatiewe kultuur te herevalueer asook die voorbeeld in hierdie opsig te stel. In verband met die Stad Kaapstad het die Stadsbestuurder 'n kritieke rol te speel om 'n balans te handhaaf tussen die behoefte van kompeterende magte en die behoefte om konstant die regte dinge te doen. Topbestuur behoorl die deeglikheid en toepaslikheid van korporatiewe bestuursbeleid en praklyke asook kritieke prosesse, interne beheer en ander risikobestuurspraklyke gereeld te evalueer. Voorls behoorl die gehalte en bevoegdheid van aile personeel nagesien te word om te bepaal of hulle die regering se uitdadings ten opsigte van korporatiewe bestuurs verstaan. Die onlwikkeling van 'n risikomodel vir die Stad Kaapstad sal die organisasie instaat stel om pro-aktief sy risiko's aan te spreek en sodoende aan sy konstitutionele en toepaslike wetlike vereistes te voldoen.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A commitment to the market economy was easily extended to a widespread belief that money is the best motivator for work performance although there is no hard evidence to support that belief as a universal proposition (Armstrong & Murlis, 1994:263). Armstrong & Murlis (1994:263) contend that even if the effectiveness of money as a motivator can be questioned, most organisations strongly feel that it is fair to reward employees according to their contribution. The drive against incremental pay systems has taken place because management do not see why people should be paid for simply being there. Many people explicitly associate incremental pay systems with unmotivated performance. The argument being that if people are paid more flexibly according to their performance, they are more likely to be motivated than if they are sitting around waiting for the next automatic salary increment. Performance-related pay (PRP) schemes became more popular in many organisations in the 1980s as an answer to motivating employees and developing performance-oriented cultures. According to Flannery, Hofrichter & Platter (1996:83), organisations have been slowly coming to the realisation that compensation programmes have in many cases become a barrier to the growth and success of the organisations. Consequently, many employers devised new compensation systems that would likely support their emphasis on values such as quality, customer service, teamwork and productivity. Research shows that PRP systems can work for the organisation, but the first wave of enthusiasm revealed some weaknesses in their application. In this study project, the origins and underlying forces around PRP are discussed. The nature of PRP in the Lesotho Civil Service is addressed. PRP as part of the performance management system (PMS) in the Lesotho Public Service is introduced as a substitute for the current 'automatic' incremental pay system. Lastly, a model for introducing PRP in the Lesotho Civil Service is designed as a step-by-step guide for the people who are working on the PRP scheme. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Verbintenis tot die markekonomie het maklik aanleiding gegee tot 'n wydverspreide geloof dat geld die beste motiveerder is vir werkprestasie, hoewel daar geen vasstaande bewys is vir ondersteuning van die geloof as 'n universele proposisie nie (Armstrong & Murlis, 1994:263). Armstrong & Murlis (1994:263) beweer dat selfs al kan die effektiwiteit van geld as 'n motiveerder bevraagteken word, die meeste organisasies sterk voel oor die regverdigheid daarvan dat personeel volgens bydrae vergoed word. Die beweegrede vir afsien van die inkrementele vergoedingstelsel is te vinde in die bestuur se siening dat personeel nie noodwendig vir blote teenwoordigheid vergoed hoef te word nie. Baie mense assosieer die inkrementele vergoedingstelsel direk met ongemotiveerde werkverrigting en die argument word dan ook gehuldig dat as personeel met groter buigsaamheid volgens prestasie vergoed word, hulle waarskynlik meer gemotiveerd sal wees as wanneer hulle maar net wag vir die volgende outomatiese salarisverhoging. Prestasie-verwante vergoedingstelsels is gedurende die 1980's toenemend deur organisasies ingevoer as 'n meganisme vir die motivering van personeel en die vestiging van prestasie-georiënteerde kulture. Volgens Flannery, Hofrichter & Platter (1996:83), het organisasies stadigaan begin besef dat vergoedingsprogramme in baie gevalle belemmerend was vir hul groei en sukses. Gevolglik het baie werkgewers nuwe vergoedingstelsels ontwerp met waarskynlike steun vir hul beklemtoning van waardes soos kwaliteit, kliëntediens, spanwerk en produktiwiteit. Navorsing het getoon dat prestasie-verwante vergoedingstelsels gewenste resultate in 'n organisasie kan lewer, maar die aanvanklike geesdrif is gedemp deur swakhede wat in die toepassing daarvan na vore gekom het. In hierdie studie word die oorsprong van en onderliggende stukrag agter prestasieverwante vergoeding bespreek. Die aard van prestasie-verwante vergoeding in die Lesotho Staatsdiens word aangespreek asook hoe dit as deel van die prestasiebestuurstelsel in die Staatsdiens ingevoer kan word as plaasvervanger vir die bestaande outomatiese inkrementele vergoedingstelsel. Ten slotte word daar 'n modelontwerp vir die instelling van prestasie-verwante vergoeding in die Lesotho Staatsdiens as 'n stap-vir-stap gids vir diegene gemoeid daarmee.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mine water, that is all forms of water associated with and affected by mining operations is probably the largest area of concern in the environmental geology of mining. This study looks at the inter-relationship between mine water geochemistry and mine water management. The objectives of this study are: 1. To examine major geochemical processes influencing mine water; 2. To apply new national water and environmental legislation to the mining industry and discover how mine water management will be regulated; 3. To examine the approach of Integrated Catchment Management, and discover how this approach can be applied to the mining industry; 4. To conduct two case studies, where environmental geochemistry, general geochemistry and multivariate analyses are used as tools to investigate groundwater contamination problems in mining areas, and therefore suggest mine water management interventions; and 5. To, considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, develop a newly-patented chemical treatment method for possible application in the mining industry. The changing legal framework - principally the implementation of the National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998) and the National Environmental Management Act (Act No 107 of 1998) - is leading to the responsibilities of a mine becoming substantially clearer, and responsibilities which in the past could have been ignored until public outcry will now be difficult to escape. Two case studies are investigated. In both cases, general geochemistry and hydrogeochemistry, coupled with factor analysis are used to determine the major signatures in groundwater chemistry and the major sources of contamination. On the basis of this, management interventions are suggested. In the first case study, Sishen Iron Ore Mine of the Northern Cape, three signatures are identified in the groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature, and a contamination signature from the mine and one from agriculture. The extent of nitrate and diesel contamination is shown to be related to agriculture, the use of explosives and to mine workshops and depots. Surface water controls may help reduce these problems. In the second case study, West Driefontein Gold Mine of the Far West Rand, two signatures are identified in the groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature and a signature relating to contamination from the mine. Cluster analysis is used to suggest three groundwater zones, the chemistry of one being fairly clean dolomitic aquifer, the chemistry of the second affected by the mine and the chemistry of the third affected by granites. Contamination is shown to be related to mining operations, especially the slimes dams, and agriculture. Rehabilitation of dams and dumps, as well as surface water controls may help reduce these problems. Considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, a newly-patented chemical treatment method is examined and tested for possible application in the mining industry. It is shown to be extremely effective for the removal of calcium from water, but less effective for the removal of iron and manganese. More broadly, this study shows the inter-dependence between mine water geochemistry and mine water management, and the need to be multi-disciplinary in approach. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mynwater, dit is aile soorte water wat geaffekteer en geassosieer word met mynbou bedrywighede, is moontlik die grootste rede tot kommer in omgewingsgeologie van mynbou. Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die verhouding tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater bestuur. Die doelwitte van die studie is soos volg: 1. Om die hoof geochemiese prosesse te ondersoek wat mynwater beinvloed: 2. Om die nuwe nasionale water- en omgewingswette toe te pas op die mynboubedryf en te ondersoek hoe die bestuur van mynwater gereguleer sal word; 3. Om die benadering van Gerntegreerde Opvangs Bestuur ("Integrated Catchment Managemement") te ondersoek, en te ondersoek hoe hierdie benadering op die mynbou industrie toegepas kan word' 4. Om twee gevallestudies te doen, waar omgewingsgeochemie, algemene geochemie en multivariant analise gebruik word as middels om grondwater besoedeling in mynbougebiede te ondersoek, en daarvolgens om mynwater bestuurswysigings voor te stel; en 5. Om, nemende in ag die mynwater probleme wat ontdek is in die gevallestudies, 'n nuutgepatenteerde chemiese behandelingsmetode, vir moontlike toepassing in die mynbou industrie, te ontwikkel. Die veranderende regtelike raamwerk - hoofsaaklik die implementering van die Nasionale Waterwet (Wet No. 36 van 1998) en die Nasionale Omgewingsbestuur Wet (Wet No.1 07 van 1998) - lei daartoe dat 'n myn verantwoordelik moet wees om opmerklik skoner te word, verantwoordelikhede wat in die verlede maklik gergnoreer kon word maar wat nou te moeilik is om te ignoreer as gevolg van publieke uitroepe. Twee gevalle is ondersoek. In be ide studies word algemene geochemie en hidrogechemie, saam met faktoranalise, gebruik om die hoof kenmerke te bepaal in grondwaterchemie en die hoof bronne van besoedeling. Deur dit as basis te gebruik word bestuurswysigings voorgestel. In die eerste gevallestudie, Sishen Ystererts Myn in die Noordkaap, is drie kenmerkende samestellings qeidentitiseer in die grondwater: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling, en een elk van 'n myn en landbou gekontamineerde samestelling. Die omvang van nitraat en diesel kontaminasie word aangedui as geassosieerd met landbou, die gebruik van plofstowwe, mynwerkswinkels en depots. Oppervlak waterbeheer mag help om hierdie probleme te beheer. In die tweede gevallestudie, Wes Driefontein Goudmyn in die Ver Wesrand, is twee kenmerkende samestellings in die grondwater gerdentifiseer: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling en 'n samestelling geassosieer met kontaminasie van die myn. "Cluster" analise is gebruik om drie grondwatersones te identifiseer, die eerste een se chemie stem redelik ooreen met 'n skoon akwifer, die tweede een se chemie is bernvloed deur die myn en die derde se chernie is deur granite bemvloed. Kontaminasie word aangedui as geassosieer met mynboubedrywighede, veral die slikdamme, en landbou. Rehabilitasie van damme en afvalhope, asook oppervlak waterbeheer mag help om die probleem te verminder. Deur die mynwater probleme wat in die gevallestudies ontdek is in ag te neem, word 'n nuutgepatenteerde chemiese behandeling ondersoek en getoets vir moontlike toepassing in die mynboubedryf. Dit word aangewys as uiters effektief vir die verwydering van kalsium, maar minder effektief in die verwydering van yster en mangaan. In die algemeen, wys hierdie studie inter-afhanklikheid tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater bestuur, en 'n behoefte aan 'n rnultidissiplinere benadering.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration