O crescimento dos sistemas de áreas protegidas nas últimas décadas é considerado um dos maiores esforços da humanidade para conter a atual crise da biodiversidade. No entanto, a cobertura da superfície global por áreas protegidas é um indicador simplificado, sendo necessário ir mais além e avaliar se os sistemas de áreas protegidas representam os diferentes componentes da biodiversidade e processos ecológicos e se estão sendo geridos de forma efetiva para garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade no longo prazo. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise da efetividade de gestão e representatividade biológica do sistema de unidades de conservação (UCs) no Estado do Tocantins, avaliando como os diferentes níveis de gestão de áreas protegidas podem interferir nos processos de planejamento sistemático da conservação. Os resultados indicaram a existência de lacunas significativas na implementação das áreas protegidas existentes, apesar do desempenho relativamente bom em alguns elementos. As quatro ameaças mais importantes para o sistema de UCs avaliado foram: infraestrutura, queimadas descontroladas, caça e pecuária. A análise da distribuição de 109 espécies de vertebrados e plantas indicou a presença de padrões biogeográficos claros na biota do Tocantins, que coincidem com padrões relatados por outros autores para alguns grupos taxônomicos. No entanto, lacunas significativas foram observadas tanto na proteção das espécies, quanto na representação dos elementos bióticos identificados. Para testar os impactos dos baixos valores de efetividade e altos valores de ameaças das UCs no planejamento do sistema, reduzimos o estado de conservação das áreas protegidas em 25% e 50%. Isso resultou em acréscimos de 250.000 ha e 590.000 ha, respectivamente, no sistema de áreas protegidas, necessário ao cumprimento das metas de conservação. A representatividade dos sistemas de áreas protegidas depende da persistência da biodiversidade dentro dessas áreas, que é reconhecidamente comprometida por níveis elevados de ameaça associados à efetividade de gestão incipiente. Portanto, sugerimos que o estado de conservação da biodiversidade dentro das áreas protegidas seja incorporado a exercícios de planejamento sistemático de conservação. A definição de prioridades para a criação de novas áreas protegidas deve fazer parte de um planejamento integrado, que aborde também a consolidação de áreas protegidas existentes e estratégias mais amplas para mitigar os efeitos dos fatores principais da perda de biodiversidade fora das reservas. / The growth of protected areas (PAs) in the last decades is considered one of the humanity\'s best efforts to refrain the current crisis of biodiversity. However, the global PA coverage is a simplified indicator; it is necessary to go further and assess whether PA systems represent the different components of biodiversity and ecological processes and are being managed effectively to ensure the maintenance of their values in the long term. The main goal of this study was to analyze the management effectiveness and representation of PA system in Tocantins State, assessing how the different levels of PA management may impact the systematic conservation planning process. Results indicated the existence of significant gaps in the implementation of Tocantins PAs, despite the relatively good performance found in some elements. The four most important threats to the PAs evaluated were: infrastructure, uncontrolled fires, hunting and cattle ranching. Analysis of the distribution of 109 vertebrates and plants indicated that selected species represent biogeographical patterns of Tocantins biota and that there are significant gaps in the protection of the species and biotic elements in the current PA system. In order to test for the effects of detected low management effectiveness and high levels of threat, we reduced the conservation status of protected areas by 25% and 50%. This resulted in an increase in the conservation area network needed to achieve targets of around 250,000 ha and 590,000 ha, respectively. Our results strongly indicate that the representation of PA systems depends on the persistency of biodiversity inside PAs, which are known to be impacted by high levels of threat associated to poor management effectiveness. Therefore, we advocate that biodiversity status within PAs should be incorporated in systematic conservation planning exercises. The definition of priority areas for the establishment of new reserves should be part of an integrated planning process that addresses both the consolidation of existing protected areas and broader strategies to mitigate the effects of major drivers of biodiversity loss outside reserves.

Na Amazônia, o avanço da perda de biodiversidade por diversas formas de pressão antrópica cresce a cada ano, com destaque para os crescentes índices de desmatamento. As unidades de conservação têm um papel fundamental na proteção dos recursos naturais e culturais e a criação de novas áreas protegidas representa uma das estratégias utilizadas pelos países com o mesmo tipo de problema. Nos próximos anos, o governo do Estado do Pará pretende elevar em 24,07% o número de unidades de conservação em seu território. Entretanto, a conservação da biodiversidade não é garantida apenas com a existência de unidades de conservação, é preciso implementálas e manejá-las adequadamente para que alcancem seus objetivos, avaliando de forma sistemática a qualidade de manejo das mesmas. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de manejo de duas unidades de conservação de proteção integral no Pará, o Parque Estadual da Serra das Andorinhas/Martírios - PESAM, localizado no sul do Estado, com 25.000 hectares e o Parque Ambiental de Belém - PAB, localizado na região metropolitana de Belém, com 1.200 hectares. A efetividade de manejo foi avaliada por meio da qualificação de indicadores pré-estabelecidos e aplicados em áreas protegidas em vários países. Os resultados apontaram que os dois Parques alcançaram a média de 30,82% da situação ótima para os indicadores demonstrando uma qualidade de manejo insatisfatória. A maioria dos indicadores se concentrou nos níveis de manejo pouco satisfatórios e insatisfatórios. A partir da análise dos 11 grupos de indicadores, concluiu-se que os Parques não reúnem as condições mínimas necessárias para seu manejo básico. Assim, não existem garantias para sua permanência em longo prazo e os objetivos que nortearam a criação dos mesmos não podem ser alcançados sob essas circunstâncias. / At Amazônia, the loss of biodiversity advance grows from diverse forms of human pressure each year, with prominence of the increasing deforestation indices. The protected areas have an important role in biodiversity protection. In the next years, Pará State intends to raise in 24,07% the number of protected areas in its territory. However, the biodiversity conservation is not guaranteed only with the existence of protected areas, but it is also necessary to implement and to manage them in a proper way that makes them reach their conservation objectives, evaluating in a systematic way the management quality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the management effectiveness of two areas of integral protection in Pará, at Parque Estadual da Serra das Andorinhas/Martírios, in the south part of the State, with 25.000 hectares and the Parque Ambiental de Belém, located in the metropolitan region of Belém, with 1.200 hectares. The management effectivity was evaluated through the qualification of preestablished indicators applied in many Latin America countries. The results pointed out that the two Parks had reached the average 30,82% from the excellent situation of management, which indicated an unsatisfactory quality of management. Most indicators were identified as satisfactory and little unsatisfactory levels of management. It was concluded that the two Parks do not congregate the minimum necessary conditions for its basic management. So there is no guarantees for the permanence (of the area as a protected area) for long periods and the goals that guided the creation of these areas cannot be reached under such circumstances.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-08T13:06:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ana Carolina Marques de Oliveira.pdf: 2679291 bytes, checksum: 45f07178e07bd1ba891d59c35b4f71a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ana Carolina Marques de Oliveira.pdf: 2679291 bytes, checksum: 45f07178e07bd1ba891d59c35b4f71a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / In a scenery of lack of financial and human resources for the protected areas management, and great anthropic pressure in the territory around them, the mosaics of protected areas rise as a strategies to enforce their implementation and improve their management. By involving protected areas from different spheres of government, private protected areas, and representatives of civil society, mosaics are an integrated management figure of the territory that requires great effort of articulation and present a singular complexity for a management which is indeed participatory. The mosaics are managed by councils composed of representatives of government and civil society, with the conduction by a coordination and executive secretariat. Often, the lack of financial and human resources dedicated to its management makes the work of mosaics of protected areas intermittent. This leads to its destructuring and reduces its capacity of action and articulation for environmental management of the territory. Furthermore, as an instrument of public policy, it is important that the effectiveness of the mosaics be periodically evaluated and improved. This study aims to evaluate this management effectiveness and verify the common potentials and challenges in the management of Mosaics of Protected Areas. This evaluation was made by applying the Gidsick?s protocol (2013), adapted by Hermmann e Costa (2015). The results showed that the Central Fluminense and Mico-le?o-dourado mosaics show medium effectiveness, the Carioca and Bocaina mosaics show low effectiveness and the Mantiqueira mosaic shows no effectiveness on its management. Besides that, all of them show to be effective on their governance, but with serious difficulties in the management scope, which affects the capacity of execution and effectiveness of the sociodiversity and biodiversity aspects. Comparisons were made between the mosaics studied to support the elaboration of proposals for their improvement, using cluster analysis and a qualitative matrix of effectiveness. The proposals developed should be discussed and accepted by the mosaic councils and adapted by them so that they can be implemented. The strengthening of mosaics will only be achieved through actions involving a real partnership between government and civil society, with a division of responsibilities and activities so that this conservation tool can function efficiently. However, it is essential that the government and civil society take joint responsibility for this conservation instrument to function efficiently. / Em um cen?rio de car?ncia de recursos financeiros e humanos para a gest?o de unidades de conserva??o, e de grande press?o antr?pica nos territ?rios que as envolvem, os Mosaicos de ?reas Protegidas surgem como uma das estrat?gias para fortalecer a implementa??o e aprimorar a gest?o das mesmas. Por envolver Unidades de Conserva??o de diferentes esferas de governo, ?reas particulares e representantes da sociedade civil, os mosaicos s?o uma figura de gest?o integrada do territ?rio que exige grande esfor?o de articula??o e apresentam uma complexidade singular para a gest?o participativa de fato. Os mosaicos s?o geridos por colegiado composto por representantes do governo e da sociedade civil, com a condu??o por uma coordena??o e secretaria executiva. Muitas vezes, a falta de recursos financeiros e humanos dedicados ? sua gest?o faz com que o trabalho dos mosaicos de ?reas protegidas se mostre intermitente. Isto leva ? sua desestrutura??o e reduz sua capacidade de atua??o e articula??o para gest?o ambiental do territ?rio. Al?m disso, como instrumento de pol?tica p?blica, ? importante que a efetividade dos mosaicos seja periodicamente avaliada e melhorada. Este estudo visa avaliar a efetividade de gest?o e verificar as potencialidades e os desafios comuns na gest?o dos Mosaicos de ?reas Protegidas no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta avalia??o foi realizada com base no Protocolo de Gidsicki (2013), adaptado por Hermmann e Costa (2015). Os resultados mostraram que os mosaicos Central Fluminense e Mico Le?o Dourado apresentam efetividade m?dia, Carioca e Bocaina efetividade baixa, e Mantiqueira n?o apresenta efetividade. Apesar disso, todos se mostram efetivos no aspecto de governan?a, mas com dificuldades no ?mbito gest?o, o que afeta a capacidade de execu??o e a efetividade nos ?mbitos sociodiversidade e biodiversidade. Foram tra?adas compara??es entre os mosaicos estudados para embasar a elabora??o de propostas para o seu fortalecimento, utilizando an?lise de agrupamento e matriz qualitativa de efetividade. As propostas desenvolvidas devem ser discutidas e aceitas pelos conselhos de mosaico e adaptadas por eles para que possam ser implementadas. O fortalecimento dos mosaicos s? ser? alcan?ado por meio de a??es que envolvam uma parceria real entre governo e sociedade civil, com divis?o de responsabilidades e atividades para que este instrumento de conserva??o possa funcionar de maneira eficiente.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota ir įvertinta saugomų teritorijų ir miškų ūkio sistemų dermė valdant nacionalinių parkų valstybinius miškus, įvardintos kylančios problemos bei pateikti pasiūlymai dėl jų sprendimo būdų. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu tiriama Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių miškingų saugomų teritorijų ir miškų ūkio sektoriaus esančio saugomose teritorijose teisinė, administracinė dermė, analizuojami buvę, esami miškų valdymo modeliai ir praktika. Antrojoje darbo dalyje pateikiamas pirmą kartą Lietuvoje praktiškai taikytas IUCN-WCPA saugomų teritorijų tvarkymo efektyvumo vertinimo įrankis (metodika) vertinat miškų tvarkymo efektyvumą bei atlikto tyrimo apimtis. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje pateikiamos Dzūkijos, Kuršių nerijos nacionalinių ir Trakų istorinio nacionalinio parko miškams kylančios grėsmės, miškų šiuose parkuose tvarkymo efektyvumo vertinimas procentine išraiška bei silpnieji ir stiprieji valdymo elementai. Lietuvos saugomų teritorijų ir miškų ūkio veiklos analizė atlikta SSGG principu, pateikti konkretūs pasiūlymai sprendžiant saugomų teritorijų ir miškininkystės klausimus atsižvelgiant į tvarios miškininkystės principus. / This MA thesis is the analysis and evaluation of the governmental synergy between the protected areas and the forestry in the management of the national parks. The main problems and the possible solutions are discussed. The first section of the thesis is the theoretical analysis of legal and administrational synergy in the protected forest areas and forestry in Lithuania and abroad, the analysis of past and current administrative models and their practice is made. The second section includes the analysis of the IUCN-WCPA protected areas management effectiveness tracking tool that is applied in Lithuania for the first time. The third section is the discussion of the arising environmental threats to the forests in the national parks of Dzukija, Kursiu nerija, and Trakai historical national park, the effectiveness of the management is provided in percentage as well as the week and strong key points are discussed. The analysis of the Lithuanian protected areas and forestry is made based on SSGG theory, suggestions made for solving the issues of the protected areas and forestry are based on the stable forestry principles.

Les Aires Marines Protégées (AMPs) sont reconnues comme des outils efficaces de conservation et de gestion des ressources. L'efficacité des AMPs, définie comme le degré d'accomplissement de leurs objectifs, est très variable. Certaines caractéristiques des AMPs (âge) expliquent une partie de cette variabilité, mais une autre partie reste encore inexpliquée. En appliquant la Science de l’Organisation (OS, discipline qui étudie l’organisation) aux AMPs, d'autres facteurs qui affectent l'efficacité de la gestion pourraient être détectés. Les objectifs de ce manuscrit sont : 1) évaluer l'efficacité des AMPs méditerranéennes, 2) explorer l'application des OS aux AMPs, 3) utiliser la OS pour l'évaluation des caractéristiques de l'organisation des AMPs, la performance (qui est le niveau d'effort exercé pour atteindre les objectifs) et l'efficacité. Les données écologiques et organisationnelles des AMPs méditerranéennes ont été collectées dans la littérature scientifique et grise, et par des questionnaires. Les résultats montrent que les AMPs méditerranéennes sont efficaces, malgré que la variabilité de nos résultats n’ait été que partiellement expliquée. Notre approche utilisant la OS pour les AMPs n’a pas été appliquée auparavant. Notre tentative d'incorporer la OS dans le contexte des AMPs est ainsi originale. Les résultats montrent une hétérogénéité organisationnelle des AMPs méditerranéennes. Dans les AMPs étudiées, la performance était faible, avec des relations entre des variables organisationnelles et l'efficacité des AMPs. Cette recherche constitue une avancée pour améliorer l'efficacité des AMPs, qui aura de multiples répercussions écologiques, sociales et politiques. / Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are recognized as tools for conservation and resource management purposes. MPA management effectiveness, i.e. the degree of achievement of MPA goals, is highly variable. Some MPA features (e.g. age) partially explain such variability, but part of it still remains unexplained. Other factors affecting MPA management effectiveness could be detected by applying the Organization Science (OS, discipline that studies the organizations) to MPAs. The objectives of this manuscript are to 1) assess the management effectiveness of Mediterranean MPAs, 2) explore the application of OS in MPA context, 3) use the OS framework for the assessment of MPA organizational features, management performance (i.e. the level of effort exerted to achieve MPA goals) and effectiveness. Ecological and organizational data on Mediterranean MPAs were collected through questionnaires, and from peer-reviewed and grey literature. Results show that Mediterranean MPAs are effective, but the overall variability of our outcomes was only partially explained. No previous studies applied the OS framework to MPAs. Our attempt to incorporate the OS framework in the MPA context is, therefore, novel. Results show a significant heterogeneity of Mediterranean MPAs from an organizational point of view. The studied MPAs displayed a generally low management performance, with relationships between some organizational variables and the MPA management effectiveness. The present research is an important step forward to improve MPA management effectiveness, which has multiple ecological, social and political implications.

Given the state of accelerating change in technology, globalization, and society, long-term planning has become challenging, thus improving organizational resilience to environmental change has become more important. The management problem addressed the need for strategies to improve organization resilience in the face of environmental change. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of managers to use a firm's human, financial, and technological resources to improve organizational resilience. The lived experiences of organizational leaders in addressing organizational resilience was the central research question. The conceptual framework was built on the World Economic Forum's National Resilience Beta Framework and Kotter's 8-stage process. Data collection involved interviews with 21 managers from American multinational enterprises. Collected data were sorted by use of open and axial coding techniques. The findings of this study underscored the need for leaders to make management capability a priority toward building resilient firms. Management strategies including management intent, data driven decision making, enlightened leadership, and continued building of relationships with stakeholders improved organizational resilience. In reshaping managerial effectiveness and capability, the study's findings may contribute to social change by encouraging collaboration among leaders and stakeholders to effect strategies for organizational and environmental resilience.

本研究旨在探討國民小學教師創新班級經營與班級經營效能之間的關係。主要研究目的有五：（一）瞭解國民小學教師創新班級經營及班級經營效能之內涵與現況。（二）瞭解國民小學教師不同背景變項於創新班級經營上之差異情形。（三）瞭解創新班級經營之得分低、中、高三組教師於班級經營效能得分之差異情形。（四）瞭解國民小學教師創新班級經營與班級經營效能之相關情形。（五）瞭解國民小學教師創新班級經營對班級經營效能之預測情形。 本研究採問卷調查法，以宜蘭縣、基隆市、臺北市、臺北縣及桃園縣等北區五縣市之公立國民小學教師為研究對象，使用「國民小學教師創新班級經營量表」及「國民小學教師班級經營效能量表」為研究工具，共計發出問卷1200份，回收875份，有效問卷865份，問卷可用率為72.08%。所蒐集資料以描述統計、ｔ考驗、單因子單變量及多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、典型相關及多元逐步迴歸等方法進行統計分析。本研究主要發現如下： 一、目前國民小學教師創新班級經營表現良好，以「重新思考」表現最佳，而「重新指派」表現相對較弱。 二、目前國民小學教師班級經營效能良好，以「教師教學效能」最佳，而「教室領導技巧」相對較弱。 三、教師人口變項與學校環境變項中，性別、年齡、服務年資、任教年級、學校所在地及學校規模在創新班級經營上有差異性存在；然而，最高學歷在創新班級經營上並未呈現差異性。 四、不同創新班級經營程度之國民小學教師於班級經營效能上具有差異性。 五、國民小學教師之創新班級經營與班級經營效能之間具有中度的正向關聯。 六、國民小學教師之創新班級經營與班級經營效能之間具有顯著的典型相關。 七、國民小學教師之創新班級經營對班級經營效能具有正向的預測作用；其中， 教師「重新定量」作為乃影響其班級經營效能之關鍵因素。 最後，根據上述研究結果提出具體建議，供教育行政機關、國民小學、國民小學教師，以及後續研究參考。 / This study focused on the relationship between teacher’s innovation classroom management and classroom management effectiveness in the elementary school. The main purposes of this study include: 1. Investigating the concept and current circumstance of teacher’s innovation classroom management and classroom management effectiveness. 2. Investigating the differences within teacher’s innovation classroom management of various teacher’s demographic variables and school environment variables. 3. Investigating the differences within classroom management effectiveness of low, middle and high teacher’s innovation classroom management degree. 4. Investigating the correlation between teacher’s innovation classroom management and classroom management effectiveness. 5. Investigating the prediction of teacher’s innovation classroom management on classroom management effectiveness. The study was adopted by questionnaire survey method. The subjects were teachers from public elementary schools in Yi-Lang county, Kee-Lung city, Taipei city, Taipei county, and Tao-Yuang county. The researcher used“The innovation classroom management scale”and “The classroom management effectiveness scale” as instruments. The researcher distributed 1200 questionnaires, retrieved 875 ones, and obtained 865 valid ones. Therefore, the available rate of questionnaires was 72.08%. Acquired data were analyzed by statistical methods including descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, one-way MANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, canonical correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The main findings were found as follows: 1. The current circumstance of teacher’s innovation classroom management in the elementary school was good. It performed best at “rethink”, but by contrast poorly at “reassign”. 2. The current circumstance of teacher’s classroom management effectiveness in the elementary school was good. It performed best at “teaching effectiveness”, but by contrast poorly at “leadership skills”. 3. There existed significant differences among gender, age, seniority, teaching grade, school location, and school size for teacher’s innovation classroom management, but did not exist significant differences within academic background. 4. There existed significant differences among low, middle, and high-level teacher’s innovation classroom management for teacher’s classroom management effectiveness. 5. There was moderate positive correlation between teacher’s innovation classroom management and classroom management effectiveness. 6. There was a significant canonical correlation between teacher’s innovation classroom management and classroom management effectiveness. 7. Teacher’s innovation classroom management could positively predict classroom management effectiveness. Furthermore, the best predictor for classroom management effectiveness was “reduce”. Eventually, some constructive suggestions based on the results were proposed for the educational administration agencies, teacher education institutions, elementary schools, elementary school teachers, and further research.

本研究旨在探究國民中學教師所知覺的校長知識領導、學校組織學習與學校創新經營效能之關係，根據研究結果提出建議，以做為教育行政機關、國民中學校長，以及未來相關研究之參考。 本研究以桃竹苗四縣市國民中學之教師為對象，採問卷調查法，以「國民中學校長知識領導、組織學習與學校創新經營效能問卷」進行抽樣調查，抽取 450 位教師為樣本，回收 398 份，回收率為 88.4%，以描述統計、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法加以分析。獲得以下結論： ㄧ、桃竹苗四縣市國民中學整體校長知識領導現況屬良好程度，各層面以 「充實專業領導知能」最好，以「激勵學校成員學習」最差。 二、教師任教年資及教師最高學歷之變項之對於校長知識領導的知覺具有 顯著差異；教師性別、教師職別等變項無顯著差異。 三、不同學校地區、學校規模、學校歷史、校長年齡、校長在該校服務年 資、擔任校長總年資及校長學歷等學校背景變項之教師對於校長知識 領導的知覺具有顯著差異；不同校長性別變項無顯著差異。 四、桃竹苗四縣市國民中學整體組織學習現況屬良好程度，各層面以「資 訊運用」最好，以「團隊學習」最差。 五、不同教師最高學歷背景變項之教師對於學校組織學習的知覺具有顯著 差異；不同教師性別、教師職別變項無顯著差異。 六、不同學校規模、學校歷史、校長性別、校長年齡及校長學歷背景變項 對於組織學習的知覺無顯著差異；校長在該校服務年資、擔任校長總 年資等背景變項有顯著差異。 七、桃竹苗四縣市國民中學整體學校創新經營效能現況屬良好程度，各層 面以「學生表現創新效能」最好，以「行政服務創新效能」層面程度 最後。 八、不同教師任教年資、教師最高學歷變項之教師對於學校創新經營效能 的知覺具有顯著差異；不同教師性別、教師職別等變項無顯著差異。 九、不同學校地區、學校規模、校長性別、校長年齡、校長在該校服務年 資、擔任校長總年資，以及校長最高學歷等背景變項有顯著差異；不 同學校歷史背景變項之教師對於學校創新經營效能的知覺無顯著差異。 十、校長知識領導與學校創新經營效能之間具有正相關；組織學習與學校 創新經營效能之間具有正相關。 十ㄧ、校長知識領導各層面以「激勵學校成員學習」、「建立合作信任關 係」、「展現知識創新行動」對學校創新經營效能具有預測力，總解釋 變異量為 34.6%。 十二、組織學習「系統思考」、「團隊學習」、「資訊運用」及「溝通交流」 四層面對整體學校創新經營效能均具有預測力，總解釋變異量為 77.7%。 十三、校長知識領導與組織學習對學校創新經營效能之聯合預測， 共有「系統思考」、「團隊學習」、「資訊運用」、「溝通交流」、「激勵 學校成員學習」及「建立合作信任關係」六個層面對整體學校創新 經營效能具有預測力，總解釋變異量為79.5%。 最後，根據研究結果提出下列幾點建議： ㄧ、對教育行政機關的建議 (一)規劃知識領導相關課程及訓練，加強校長知識領導能力。 (二)領導知識領導特質之校長。 (三)實質鼓勵教師兼任行政工作。 (四)辦理降低班級學生人數政策，有效紓解都會區學校壓力。 (五)提供校長更多進修與研習機會，持續增進校長領導知能 二、對國中校長的建議 (ㄧ)建立組織學習的觀念及推動共識。 (二)營造良好的學習型學校環境。 (三)激勵新進、年輕、新血輪加入行政行列：培養學習型領導人才，建立新 的領導力。 (四)發展學校特色。 三、進一步研究建議 (ㄧ)研究對象可納入不同層級。 (二)納入其他研究變項。 (三)在研究內容方面。 / The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship among principals’ knowledge leadership, teachers’ organizational learning, and school innovative management effectiveness which teachers perceive, and to propose suggestions based on the results, for the reference of educational administration authorities, junior high school principals, and relevant future studies. In this study, faculty of junior high schools in Taoyuan,、Hsinchu and Miaoli Area is picked as subjects and questionnaire survey is adopted. The researcher formulates “junior high school principals’ knowledge leadership, teachers’ organizational learning, and school innovative management effectiveness questionnaire,” and randomly selects 450 teachers as samples. In a rate of 88.4%, 398 replies are returned and then analyzed in methods of descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, product-moment correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. The following conclusions are obtained: 1.The present situation of principals’ change leadership is up to fine level. Among all the aspects, “enriching the professional competency” ranks to top,while”encouraging school members for learning” ranks otherwise. 2.Teachers ‘ age and higher degree perceive principals’ knowledge leadership significantly differently; while teachers of other variables such as gender, age, and service seniority show no significant difference. 3.Different school district ,、school size 、school history 、principal’ age local seniority, total seniority and education background perceive principals’ knowledge leadership significantly differently; while teachers of other variables such as gender shows no significant difference. 4.The present situation of teachers’ organizational learning is up to fine level. Among all the aspects, “information usage” ranks to the top, while “team learning” ranks otherwise. 5.Teachers of different demographic variables such as education level perceive teachers’ organizational learning significantly differently; while the variable of gender and duties shows no significant difference. 6.Teachers of different demographic variables such as school size and principals’ education level perceive teachers’ organizational commitment significantly differently; while some other variables such as school history; principals’ gender, age, local seniority, and total seniority show no significant difference. 7.The present situation of school innovative management effectiveness is up to fine level. Among all the aspects, “innovative effectiveness of pupil performance” ranks to the top, while “innovative effectiveness of administrative service” ranks otherwise. 8.Teachers different seniority and the highest degree perceive school innovative management effectiveness significantly differently; while teachers of other variables such as gender, duties show no significant difference. 9.Teachers of some demographic variables such as school district 、school size 、 principals’ gender、 age、 local seniority, total seniority and the highest degree perceive school innovative management effectiveness significantly differently; while some other variables such as school size; principals’ gender, local seniority, total seniority, and education level show no significant difference. 10.Principals’ knowledge leadership is positively related to school innovative management effectiveness; teachers’ organizational learning is also positively related to school innovative management effectiveness. 11.Principals’ knowledge leadership is most predictable for “to encourage school members learning” and “to establish the relation of trust cooperation” among all the aspects of principals’ knowledge leadership, accounting for 34.6% of total variance. 12.Teachers’ organizational learning is predictable for each aspect, including “system thinking,” “team learning,” “information usage,”and ‘communtion” accounting for 77.7% of total variance. 13.When combining principals’ knowledge leadership and teachers’ organizational learning, school innovative management effectiveness is predictable for six aspects, including “system thinking,” “team learning,” ““information usage ‘communtion” “to encourage school members learning” and “to establish the relation of trust cooperation”” accounting for 79.5% of total variance. Finally, based on the results, the following suggestions are proposed: 1.Suggestions for educational administration authorities (1)Arrange related courses and trainings of knowledge leadership to improve principals’ ability of knowledge leadership (2)Lead the principals of knowledge leadership (3)Encourage teachers to serve as administratine duties (4)Reduce the number of classes students and solve the metropolitan area Academic pressure (5)Provide Principals more education and learning opportunities 2. Suggestions for principals in junior high schools （1）To establish the concept of organizational learning and the promotion of consensus （2）To create a good learning school environment （3）Stimulate new, young, new blood to join the executive ranks: the culture of learning leadership talent, and create a new Leadership （4）Development of school characteristics 3.Suggestions for further studies （1）Included different levels （2）Increase the other variables （3）To strengthen research content

A management training course was' evaluated for effectiveness by using two specially compiled in-basket exercises equivalent in complexity. Outcome evaluation was performed so as to determine whether learning transfer took place, ie whether management skills in the application of the management dimensions planning, organising and control do manifest in the work context afterwards. Significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group in the application of the management dimensions planning, organising and control. These differences were investigated by means of the "Univariate procedure ... A management training course can therefore be effectively measured with the behaviour assessment approach by using two groups, where only one group is exposed to a management training course. It can thus be ascertained whether a change in management behaviour has taken place as a result of learning transfer. / Die effektiwiteit van 'n bestuursopleidingskursus is geevalueer deur twee spesiaal saamgestelde posmandjies van dieselfde moeilikheidsgraad te gebruik. Uitkomsevaluering is gedoen om te bepaal of leeroordrag plaasgevind het, met ander woorde of die nuut aangeleerde bestuursvaardighede in die toepassing van die bestuursdimensies beplanning, organisering en beheer wei na die tyd in die konteks van werksgedrag manifesteer. Beduidende verskille tussen die eksperimentele en die kontrolegroep is gevind in die toe passing van die bestuursdimensies beplanning, organisering en beheer. Die verskille is ondersoek met behulp van die "univariate procedure". 'n Bestuursopleidingskursus kan dus effektief vanuit die gedragsbeoordelingsbenadering gemeet word deur van twee groepe gebruik te maak waarvan slegs die een groep aan 'n bestuursopleidingskursus blootgestel word. Daar kan dus bepaal word of 'n verandering in bestuursgedrag plaasgevind het as 'n gevolg van leeroordrag. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.