La performance s'impose aujourd'hui dans le secteur public. Néanmoins le contenu que recouvre la notion reste sujet à débat. L'objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment les responsables publics prennent en charge concrètement le devoir de performance. Il s'agit de décrire à la fois les conceptions qu'ils s'en font et d'identifier les outils de gestion censés y conduire. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la recherche se concentre sur les établissements publics de coopération intercommunale (EPCI) à fiscalité propre institués depuis 1999. Ces organisations ont récupéré les principales compétences traditionnellement dévolues aux communes, dans le but d'en optimiser la gestion et de réaliser des économies d'échelle. Elles constituent de ce fait le lieu privilégié pour l'éwtude du management de la performance dans le secteur public local. Deux études de cas ont été menées, s'appuyant sur 47 entretiens semi-directifs. Elles décrivent de manière transversale les outils de gestion utilisés dans les services opérationnels et fonctionnels. Ce faisant, l'architecture globale du système de management de la performance de l'organisation est reconstituée et permet d'identifier les valeurs centrales. Les résultats révèlent que, contrairement à une idée répandue, les responsables intercommunaux ont de longue date été confrontés à l'exigence de performance. Ils mobilisent cette expérience en développant des stratégies de bricolage et d'appropriation des outils de gestion. Elles visent tant à ancrer les outils dans les pratiques qu'à soumettre au débat la normativité qu'ils véhiculent. En résultent des systèmes de management de la performance fragmentaires, dont la principale mission est d'exercer les responsables à l'art du compromis entre des exigences contradictoires.

Thesis (D. Phil.(Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-250).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 74 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-74).

This study had objective to investigate the existence of spaces for democratic participation in municipal school system of Maceió, in the period 2005 to 2008. Initially focused to democratic management: its history and legal structure that had based its applicability in education. The approach with the object of research - the public schools of Maceió - has generated the need to know some specific features and characteristics of society Alagoas, for better understanding of the meaning of democratic space and how the City Department of Education translated into their Maceio documents and regulated the democratic management in your school network. The theoretical foundation of Paro (2001), Luck (2006), Libâneo (2004), Tavares (2003), Hora (2007), Verçosa (2006) and other, for a given field research in four elementary schools, where they applied the techniques of data collection, considering subjects as: managers, teachers, administrative staff, parents and pupils to understand how they saw and saw themselves as Participants in the context of democratic management, as the policy implemented in the municipal education network of Maceió. To meet the focus of the research were listed in 5 (five) categories related to participation, as a parameter for analysis of interviews and focus group. The study revealed that the areas of participation that exist at school does not serve the democratic exercise: there are moments of presence, not the decision-making. There not, however, demand for such spaces, always expect to be called, and when it occurs, no action is taken in the fight, which does not allow to move towards democratic practice / O objetivo era investigar a existência de espaços de participação democrática nas escolas da rede pública municipal de Maceió, no período de 2005 a 2008. Inicialmente enfocou-se a gestão democrática: seu histórico e a estrutura legal que embasaram sua aplicabilidade nos sistemas de ensino. A aproximação com o objeto da pesquisa - as escolas públicas municipais de Maceió gerou a necessidade de se conhecer algumas características e especificidades da sociedade alagoana, para a melhor compreensão do sentido do espaço democrático e de como a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Maceió traduziu em seus documentos e regulamentou a gestão democrática em sua rede escolar. O aporte teórico de Paro (2001), Luck (2006), Libâneo (2004), Tavares (2003), Hora (2007), Verçosa (2006) e outros deu embasamento para a pesquisa de campo realizada em quatro escolas de ensino fundamental, onde foram aplicadas as técnicas de coleta de dados, considerando como sujeitos: gestores, professores, técnicos administrativos, pais e alunos visando perceber como viam e se viam como participantes no contexto da gestão democrática, enquanto política implantada na rede pública municipal de Maceió. Para atender ao foco da pesquisa foram elencadas 05 (cinco) categorias relacionadas à participação, como parâmetro para análise das entrevistas e grupo focais. O estudo realizado revelou que os espaços de participação que existem na escola não servem ao exercício democrático: são momentos de presença, não de tomada de decisões. Não há, no entanto, reivindicação por esses espaços, esperam sempre ser chamados, e quando não ocorre, nenhuma atitude de luta é tomada, o que não permite que se evolua no sentido da prática democrática.

The research programme was relevant to urban planning and in particular to the design of stormwater management schemes that are more environmentally and socially acceptable. It examined social and perception issues relating to stormwater management techniques within residential areas, and in particular to the application of SUDS, mainly ponds, and river management schemes. The thesis arose from a project funded by the Environment Agency of England and Wales through SNIFFER under a programme titled “Social impacts o f stormwater management techniques including river management and SUDS”, SNIFFER Code: SUDS01. The public perception of construction is becoming a matter of increasing importance both in the UK and internationally since socio-economic parameters and public consultation both have to be taken into consideration in the planning and implementation of relevant projects. This research programme endeavoured to match the relevant legislative goals with society’s actual needs. The main aims of the research programme were to obtain an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the perceptions of popular stormwater management practices (SUDS and river management), and to evaluate these techniques from a social perspective. To satisfy these aims the following objectives were set: • To assess public awareness and perceptions of SUDS (particularly retention ponds) in the UK; • To assess professional perceptions of SUDS in the UK; • To assess perceptions of different stormwater management techniques, in three European cities; • To compare perceptions of different stormwater management techniques, SUDS and river management practices; • To link the research findings with trends in perceptions of nature and water. To meet the programme’s aims and to satisfy the objectives, the perceptions of SUDS in the UK (principally ponds) were investigated over a wide range of locations. In addition, the different river management approaches used in three heavily urbanised European cities, Glasgow, London, and Athens were investigated. The results of this research programme provide a means to understand perceptions of stormwater management and to appreciate what types of schemes will be more readily accepted by the public. The research has shown that members of the public hold strong views as to what they like or dislike about SUDS and water management installations in their local area, in spite of the fact that there were demonstrably low levels of public awareness of SUDS. The amenity, recreational value and aesthetics of new schemes seem to be of major importance for public acceptability, while function, efficiency, and maintenance are primarily important in areas facing flooding problems. Other key findings include the fact that there is a general preference for sustainable urban water management and for river restoration schemes compared with more conventional, ‘hard engineering’ approaches, such as culverting of rivers. This preference was expressed both by members of the public and by professionals involved in their planning and implementation. Another important result was that although unfamiliarity can produce negativity, education can influence attitudes positively even in sensitive issues such as safety, and can be used by authorities and planners as a means of enhancing the acceptability of new schemes. Consequently, the results of the surveys can be used as arguments towards the application of informative campaigns which should be taken into account prior to scheme implementation. This information can be utilised not only for stormwater management design, but also for other environmentally friendly constructions which the public may have a low level of awareness. Recommendations are made with respect to public and professional attitudes for improving the public acceptability of new and modified stormwater management systems. Recommendations and barriers to the uptake outlined in this thesis mainly refer to the appearance of schemes rather than technical issues. They are therefore of most use as guidance for improving aesthetics and increasing public acceptability. The outcomes of this research will be of use to policy makers, water companies, local authorities, environment agencies, planners, developers, consultants active in urban development, and researchers in applying wider-accepted practices for the assessment of public perception. Some findings from this research have been presented at several stakeholders’ meetings, at 4 conferences, and are published in the form of papers and reports, including the DTI SR 622 report titled “An Assessment of the Social Impacts of Sustainable Drainage Systems in the UK”, and the Environment Agency & SNIFFER report, SUDS01, 2005, titled “Social Impacts of stormwater management techniques including river management and SUDS”. This publication also constitutes Environment Agency R&D Technical report P2-258.

Governments around the world have been increasingly adopting an ‘outcomes-focus’ in the design of policy and the management of public services, the implications of which have been subjected to increasing scrutiny within public administration (Boyne and Law 2005; Elvidge 2012; Heinrich 2002; Housden 2016; Lowe 2013; Lowe 2017; Wimbush 2011). Yet wherever an outcomes-based approach has been applied, be it within performance management (Bevan and Hood 2006; Lowe 2013; van Thiel and Leeuw 2002), budgeting (Perrin 2006; Ryan 2003), or commissioning, its achievements have fallen short of expectation (Wimbush 2011). Outcomes have predominantly been conceptualised and operationalised within what this thesis calls a ‘Rationalist’ approach, linked to the New Public Management context within which an outcomes-focus was popularised. This approach assumes we can understand the factors which drive outcomes, plan appropriate service interventions, harness the resources and commitment needed to put such interventions into practice, and manage such interventions towards their expected end points. Outcomes however are inherently complex phenomena – they are always transboundary, always co-produced by the individuals who experience them, and always impacted by a large number of unpredictable and uncontrollable factors in their external environment. Public management theory and practice finds itself at a crossroads: an imperative to improve outcomes, and a paradigmatic inability to do so – a challenge which scholarship is just beginning to respond to (Housden 2016; Lowe et al. 2016). This thesis contributes an alternative ‘Complex Systems’ theoretical framework which responds to (rather than simplifies or externalises) the inherent complexity which outcomes present. This theoretical framework draws on complex adaptive systems theory to enable a ‘Complex Systems’ approach to the management of outcomes. The framework is based on the conception of outcomes as emergent products of complex systems, and integrates three defining components of complex adaptive systems (self-organisation, distributed agentic learning, and attractor states) to enable an endogenous process of service transformation in conditions of uncertainty. This theoretical framework provides public management with more solid footing for understanding, analysing and designing outcomes-focussed interventions, with distinct advantages relative to existing outcomes-based approaches, in pursuing complex public service outcomes. The thesis applies this framework through a multiple embedded case study analysis (Yin 2009) of the Early Years Collaborative, a large-scale multi-agency Quality Improvement Collaborative operating across Scottish local authorities, as it seeks to improve a set of population-level child development outcomes.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T19:33:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissetacao FERNANDO HENRIQUE CORREÇÕES-DEFESA - FINAL.pdf: 4579522 bytes, checksum: e73435d4ab5a91c6938070db7c3beef4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T19:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissetacao FERNANDO HENRIQUE CORREÇÕES-DEFESA - FINAL.pdf: 4579522 bytes, checksum: e73435d4ab5a91c6938070db7c3beef4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / CAPES / O aumento na geração de resíduos resultantes do modo de vida fundamentado no consumo em massa e a aceleração do crescimento populacional têm causado diversos impactos negativos, degradando os bens e serviços ambientais. No Brasil, os problemas originados pela má gestão municipal dos resíduos sólidos urbanos qualificam os RSU como um dos mais difíceis e complexos problemas enfrentados pela sociedade moderna. Aliada a isso, a escassez de recursos de infraestrutura e de recursos de ordem técnico-cientifica, tornam os resíduos sólidos urbanos um desafio de alta magnitude, sobretudo para os municípios de pequeno porte. Buscando alternativas para a promoção correta da gestão dos resíduos, que caminhem sinergicamente com o ordenamento jurídico, prevendo o tratamento e destinação por parte do gerador em locais ambientalmente adequados. As tecnologias de tratamento e disposição final de resíduos, fundamentadas em modelos de gestão, que adotem tecnologias contemporâneas, difundidas em países desenvolvidos são imprescindíveis no enfrentamento do problema. Ferramentas de apoio à decisão são fundamentais para auxiliar a escolha de métodos alternativos de tratamento e disposição final ambientalmente corretos, socialmente justos e economicamente viáveis. Essa realidade motivou a pesquisa que visa a utilização e estudo de uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão desenvolvida como resultado do projeto “Análise das diversas tecnologias de tratamento e disposição final de resíduos sólidos no Brasil, Europa, Estados Unidos e Japão” para propor as melhores rotas tecnológicas de tratamento e disposição final nos municípios de Altinho, Agrestina, Belém de Maria, Bonito e Lagoa dos Gatos, que fazem parte do COMAGSUL - Consórcio dos Municípios do Agreste e Mata Sul. Nesse intuito, utilizou-se a ferramenta IST Versão 1.0 de 2014 para possibilitar a hierarquização de rotas tecnológicas de tratamento e destino final dos resíduos, além da análise comparativa com a gestão adotada no Brasil e para o estado de Pernambuco. A utilização da ferramenta produziu como resultado final a indicação de três rotas tecnológicas com elevado índice de sustentabilidade ambiental IST. Esses resultados apontam a adequação da ferramenta para proposição de rotas tecnológicas de tratamento e disposição final em consonância com a Política Nacional de Resíduos, podendo sua utilização ser altamente viável quanto a tomada de decisão em consórcios públicos. / The increase in the generation of waste resulting from the reasoned way of life in mass consumption and the acceleration of population growth have caused several negative impacts, degrading environmental goods and services. In Brazil, the problems caused by poor municipal management of solid urban waste qualifies the MSW as one of the most difficult and complex problems faced by modern society. Allied to this, the scarcity of infrastructure resources and resources of technical-scientific, order make solid urban waste a challenge of high magnitude, especially for small towns. Seeking alternatives to the correct promotion of waste management that they may walk synergistically with the legal system, providing for the treatment and disposal by the generator in environmentally suitable locations. The technologies of treatment and final disposal of waste, founded in management models, that adopt contemporary technology, disseminated in developed countries are essential in tackling the problem. Decision support tools are fundamental to assist the choice of alternative methods of treatment and final disposal environmentally correct, socially fair and economically viable. This reality motivated research that seeks to use a decision support tool developed and study as a result of the project "Analysis of various technologies for treatment and final disposal of solid waste in Brazil, Europe, United States and Japan" to propose the best technological routes of treatment and final disposal in the municipalities of Altinho, Agrestina, Belem de Maria, Bonito and Lagoa dos Gatos, which are part of the COMAGSUL - Consortium of Municipalities of the Agreste and South Wood. For this reason, it used the IST Tool Version 1.0 2014 to enable the hierarchy of technological routes of treatment and final destination of the waste, in addition to the comparative analysis with the management adopted in Brazil and for the state of Pernambuco. The use of the tool has produced as a final result the indication of three technological routes with a high index of environmental sustainability IST. These results indicate the suitability of the tool to the proposition of technological routes of treatment and final disposal in line with the National Policy of waste, its use may be highly viable as decision making in public consortia.

En ce qui concerne la perception du tourisme durable, on constate que les directeurs publics ont la même approche ou définition. Mais, en matière de stratégies, les moyens manquent dans tous les domaines pour développer un tourisme durable. De façon plus précise, les contraintes se résument aux cinq enjeux qui sont liés aux ressources humaines, aux méthodes de travail, au cadre juridique, à l'appui institutionnel et financier, et à la sensibilisation publique dans le secteur touristique du Cambodge. Ces insuffisances ont entraîné une exploitation peu réfléchie des potentiels de ressources touristiques et ont provoqué des fuites économiques élevées à l'étranger. Sans planification pensée à long terme, certaines attractions ne sont plus en mesure d'assurer leur durabilité, menant à la dévastation de trésors touristiques, à l’altération des valeurs socio-culturelles et d'identité nationale; ce mécanisme évolutif pourrait conduire à un développement incontrôlé contribuant à dégrader rapidement la communauté locale et l’environnement. Comme le ministère du Tourisme au Cambodge l’a souligné, s'il n'est pas correctement géré, le développement du tourisme permettra d'enrichir une petite minorité tout en excluant la majorité de la population du pays. Dans ces conditions, les directeurs provinciaux chargés du tourisme, en tant que représentants du ministère, jouent un rôle déterminant dans le tourisme durable et influencent directement à la fois le pouvoir politique et la prise de décision locale et même nationale. Leur rôle s’applique à la gestion interne et la coopération externe qui sont fortement dépendantes de la qualification personnelle des individus, c’est les « ressources et compétences ». Cependant, si les directeurs locaux sont aujourd’hui confinés dans un rôle plutôt de gestionnaires, avec de faibles moyens, nous estimons qu’ils pourraient devenir de véritables directeurs locaux susceptibles de faire travailler ensemble les acteurs dans le cadre d’une politique claire. / Current issues concerning the sustainable tourism in Cambodia based on the action of Local Tourism State Actors (LTSA) in terms of Resources and Competences, particularly defining the roles of the LTSA, are systematically explored in this research. The LTSA are the director of provincial or city tourism department who take a lead role in managing a localized tourism industry of the government. The central research question focuses on the “Strategy towards Sustainable Tourism in Cambodia, according to the perceptions of the LTSA”. In investigating to this context, the qualitative methods were used to collect primary data through in-depth interviews (semi-structured) with all the 25 LTSA. The data was further analyzed through a content analysis with a usage of NVivo10, a computer based program for coding or categorizing. The findings indicate that there are five main local challenges to Cambodia’s sustainable tourism: (1) Professional Tourism Skills and Qualifications, (2) Working Attitudes of Managers and Employees, (3) Tourism Law, Regulations, and Circulars, (4) Finances and Facilities, and (5) Public Tourism Awareness and Participation. These challenges can be broadly categorized as personal, institutional, and external problems; particularly related to the lack of financial resources, and especially human resources in regards to both quality and quantity of professional tourism officials. In order to effectively transcend sustainable tourism and local tourism management challenges, state actors play important roles. Firstly they have an internal managing role as a local manager, and secondly they have an external cooperating role which is closely defined as a local ambassador. Moreover, the state actor should strive for a third role: referred to as the personal advancing role. This is where the managers become a learner in order to improve personal skills and capacity based on experiential learning. Personal advancing roles can be further augmented through self-directed studies, workshops, seminars, training and education. As highlighted in the findings and discussion section, the quality of managing and cooperating roles of LTSA are heavily dependent on personal advancing roles. The role of LTSA has significant influence on sustainable tourism because the manager is the most central actor dealing directly with all relevant sustainable tourism stakeholders, especially for their contributions to the policy and decision making. Thus, the continuous advancement of qualifications, effectiveness and efficiency of LTSA in implementing their role is a priority and highly needed. State actors should focus on personal advancing roles to enhance managing and cooperating roles.

Depuis la loi de l’hôpital, patient, santé et territoire (HSPT), les établissements de santé français ont montré de plus en plus d’intérêt à une meilleure offre de soin. L’utilisation des philosophies et des techniques d’amélioration de processus inspirée par le nouveau management public a été considérée comme un moyen d’augmenter la qualité des soins et de diminuer la durée d’hospitalisation. La télémédecine est une forme de pratique médicale à distance utilisant les technologies de l’information et de la communication et pouvant être considérée comme une innovation de processus dans le but d’améliorer le système de prestation de soins. Malgré l’intérêt apporté par les hôpitaux publics français à la mise en œuvre de la télémédecine, les facteurs de réussite et les obstacles influençant son implantation restent à développer. À travers cette thèse, nous tentons d’apporter les réponses à cette problématique par une recherche qualitative dans le secteur public de la santé. / Since the French law of the hospital, patients, health and territory (HSPT), the healthcare institutions have shown their interest for a better healthcare provision. The use of philosophies and process improvement techniques inspired by the new public management was seen as a way to increase the quality of care and reduce the length of hospital stays. Telemedicine is a kind of remote medical practice based on information technology and communication which can be considered as an innovation process in order to improve the healthcare delivery system. Despite the interest shown by the French public hospitals in implementing the telemedicine, success factors as well as barriers influencing its implementation need to be developed. By this work, we try to provide some answers to this problem by a qualitative research in the public healthcare sector.

Thesis is focused on personal management in public administration with accent on educational facilities. The base for quality as well as effective function of those facilities (schools) is created by human resources. Analysis and evaluation of personal management at selected schools located in the area of Chrudim district, incl. assessment of requirements for improvement of state-of-art situation, are the aim of the thesis. The positions of an officer and of an educational facility employee are compared. Individual activities of personal management are also engaged next to it. The thesis is based on professional literature as well as on the Act No. 561/2004 Coll. on pre-school, basic, secondary, tertiary professional and other education. Practical part of the thesis is based on materials provided by schools. Evaluation of this problem and proposal of recommendations are based on these materials.