Comment le motif de la marque insensible du diable a-t-il pu se frayer un chemin au sein du discours théologique, juridique et médical de la fin de la Renaissance jusqu'à s'imposer comme une pièce essentielle du crime de sorcellerie? Selon quels mécanismes et à partir de quels systèmes de croyance cette marque corporelle en est-elle venue à connaître une si large diffusion et une aussi grande acceptation tant chez les gens du livres que parmi les couches populaires? En cette époque marquée par la grande chasse aux sorcières et le développement de l'investigation scientifique, l'intérêt que les savants portent à cette étrange sémiologie constitue une porte d'accès privilégiée pour aborder de front la dynamique du déplacement des frontières que la démonologie met en oeuvre au sein des différents champs du savoir. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier le réseau des mutations épistémologiques qui conditionne l'émergence de la marque du diable dans le savoir démonologique français à la charnière des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Nous examinerons par quels cheminements l'altérité diabolique s'est peu à peu intériorisée dans le corps et l'âme des individus sous l'influence grandissante des vertus de l'empirisme, de la méthode expérimentale et de l'observation. En analysant la construction rhétorique de la théorie des marques du diable et en la reliant aux changements qui s'opèrent sur la plateforme intellectuelle de l'Ancien Régime, nous entendons éclairer la nouvelle distribution qui s'effectue entre les faits naturels et surnaturels ainsi que les modalités d'écriture pour en rendre compte. / How did the motive of the Devil's Mark wend its way through the theological, legal and medical discourse at the end of the Renaissance to such a point that it became a critical component of the crime of witchcraft? Through what mechanisms and what belief systems did this idea of the Devil's Mark become so widely disseminated and greatly accepted among both the scholars and the general public? In a period marked by the Great Witch Hunt, as well as the development of scientific investigation, the fact that the scholars are interested in this strange semiotics is a very interesting starting point to address head-on the shift in boundaries that demonology brought about within these different fields of knowledge. The purpose of this thesis is to study the network of the epistemological mutations that shaped how the Devil's Mark emerged in French demonological knowledge between the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century. We will review how diabolical otherness gradually became internalized in the individuals' heart and soul under the increasingly powerful influence of empiricism, experimental method, and observation. We will analyze the rhetorical construction surrounding the Devil's Mark theory and relate it to the changes that took place in the intellectual platform of the Ancien Régime in order to shed light on the new classification that appeared between natural and supernatural facts, as well as on the rhetorical strategies used to report on them.

Mark Z. Danielewski's House of Leaves and Audrey Niffenegger's two visual novels The Three Incestuous Sisters and The Adventuress all contain examples of manipulated paratext - paratexts being the devices involved in the presentation of the text such as titles, author names, font, introductions, illustrations, appendices, advertising, and interviews. The emphasis these authors place on these usually inconspicuous devices is an expression of the irrational themes contained within these texts. The irrational is an underlying theme of the Gothic genre and through examining the use of manipulated paratexts this thesis demonstrates how these texts make use of the irrational Gothic elements that are present within the postmodern. While Danielewski and Niffenegger both have these similar themes, the effects they create are extremely different. Niffenegger creates écriture feminine, or feminine writing as described by Hélène Cixous, by prioritising illustrations that feature marginalised bodily expression in order to convey the narrative rather than text. Danielewski, on the other hand, produces a text that is a pure pastiche of Gothic and postmodern devices in order to emulate the postmodern media in its creation of hyperreality and to reproduce the sensation of a media that possesses and changes its consumers. House of Leaves is the instigator for a number of similar texts that have been published since the turn of the millennium which will be considered an emerging literary movement.

Between 1965 and 1974, the Swedish Parliament decided to build one million dwellings, called Million Program. The million program buildings were erected with new, untried design solutions, in a short range of time, and at low cost. The residential buildings from that time are now greatly in need of renovation. The municipal housing company, Gavlegårdarna, renovates and improves the energy efficiency at some of it’s apartment buildings in the district Sätra, Gävle. One problem is how to make the basic design of the slab on ground more energy efficiency and moisture proof. The study covers four representative flooring types in the Gavlegårdarnas million program area in Sätra. This study aims to investigate and evaluate proven methods for adding insulation in the four floor types. Also to look for solutions by designing additional insulation to treat damp problems and improve energy efficiency in an economical way. Existing flooring types are to be examined to check for new solutions as well. The aim is to produce a number of measures to provide property owners with different energy efficiency solutions. Results of calculations show that the perimeter area of the slab is exposed to moisture problems, while the centre of it does not have any notable problems. According to calculations, improved floor types have U-values reduced by 31% – 40% depending on the insulation thickness and design. However, investments have a long payback period and this is sometimes not economically viable. When a redevelopment project is performed, it is beneficial to simultaneously add insulation. If investors promote sustainable development, reduced energy consumption by the proposed measures is viable, as advocated by the environmental goals set by Sweden and the EU. / Sveriges riksdag beslutade att det skulle byggas en miljon bostäder, så kallade miljonprogramshus, mellan åren 1965 och 1974. Miljonprogramshusen uppfördes med nya och obeprövade konstruktionslösningar, på kort tid och till låga kostnader. Idag är bostadshusen från den tiden i stort behov av renovering. Det kommunalägda bostadsbolaget Gavlegårdarna håller på att renovera och energieffektivisera några av sina flerbostadshus i stadsdelen Sätra, Gävle. Ett problem är hur grundkonstruktionen, platta på mark i flerbostadshusen ska energieffektiviseras och fuktsäkras. Denna undersökning behandlar fyra representativa golvkonstruktioner som förekommer i Gavlegårdarnas miljonprogramsområde i Sätra. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera och utvärdera beprövade metoder för tilläggsisolering på de fyra utvalda golvtyperna. Lösningsförslagen på tilläggsisoleringsåtgärderna ska behandla fuktproblem, ekonomi och energieffektivisering. Resultaten från undersökningen visar att markplattans kantbalk är utsatt för fuktproblem medan plattans mitt inte har några anmärkningsvärda problem. Enligt U- värdesberäkningarna förbättras golvtypernas U-värde med 31 % - 40 % beroende på isoleringstjocklek och utförande, dock har investeringarna långa återbetalningstider. Utförs ett renoveringsarbete är det fördelaktigt att samtidigt tilläggsisolera. Satsar investerarna på en hållbar utveckling med minskad energianvändning rekommenderas förslagna åtgärderna, vilket förespråkas i miljömål uppsatta av Sverige och EU.

I Sverige finns cirka 80 000 identifierade förorenade områden som i vissa fall behöver efterbehandling för att hantera föroreningssituationen. Naturvårdsverket publicerade 2009 ett reviderat vägledningsmaterial för riskbedömningar av förorenade områden tillsammans med en beräkningsmodell för att ta fram riktvärden. Riktvärdesmodellen är deterministisk och genererar enskilda riktvärden för ämnen under givna förutsättningar. Modellen tar inte explicit hänsyn till osäkerhet och variabilitet utan hanterar istället det implicit med säkerhets­faktorer och genom att användaren alltid utgår från ett rimligt värsta scenario vid val av parametervärden. En metod för att hantera osäkerhet och variabilitet i riskbedömningar är att göra en så kallad probabilistisk riskbedömning med Monte Carlo-simuleringar. Fördelen med detta är att ingångsparametrar kan definieras med sannolikhetsfördelningar och på så vis hantera inverkan av osäkerhet och variabilitet. I examensarbetet genomfördes en probabilistisk riskbedömning genom en vidare egen implementering av Naturvårdsverkets metodik varefter probabilistiska riktvärden beräknades för ett antal ämnen. Modellen tillämpades med två parameter­uppsättningar vars värden hade förankrats i litteraturen respektive Naturvårdsverkets metodik. Uppsättningarna genererade kumulativa fördelningsfunktioner av riktvärden som överensstämde olika mycket med de deterministiska riktvärden som Naturvårdsverket definierat. Generellt överensstämde deterministiska riktvärden för markanvändningsscenariot känslig mark­användning (KM) mer med den probabilistiska riskbedömningen än för scenariot mindre känslig markanvändning (MKM). Enligt resultatet i examensarbetet skulle dioxin och PCB-7 behöva en sänkning av riktvärden för att fullständigt skydda människor och miljö för MKM. En fallstudie över ett uppdrag som Geosigma AB utfört under hösten 2013 genomfördes också. Det var generellt en överensstämmelse mellan de platsspecifika riktvärden (PRV) som beräknats i undersökningsrapporten och den probabilistiska risk­bedömningen. Undantaget var ämnet koppar som enligt studien skulle behöva halverade riktvärden för att skydda människor och miljö. I den probabilistiska riskbedömningen kvantifierades hur olika skyddsobjekt respektive exponeringsvägar blev styrande för olika ämnens riktvärden mellan simuleringar. För några ämnen skedde avvikelser jämfört med de deterministiska motsvarigheterna i mellan 70-90 % av fallen. Exponeringsvägarnas bidrag till det ojusterade hälsoriskbaserade riktvärdet kvantifierades också i en probabilistisk hälsoriskbaserad riskbedömning. Riktvärden med likvärdiga numeriska värden erhölls för riktvärden med skild sammansättning. Detta motiverade att riktvärdenas sammansättning och styrande exponeringsvägar alltid bör kvantifieras vid en probabilistisk riskbedömning. / In Sweden, approximately 80,000 contaminated areas have been identified. Some of these areas are in need of remediation to cope with the effects that the contaminants have on both humans and the environment. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published a methodology on how to perform risk assessments for contaminated soils together with a complex model for calculating soil guideline values. The guideline value model is deterministic and calculates single guideline values for contaminants. The model does not account explicitly for uncertainty and variability in parameters but rather handles it implicitly by using safety-factors and reasonable worst-case assumptions for different parameters. One method to account explicitly for uncertainty and variability in a risk assessment is to perform a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) through Monte Carlo-simulations. A benefit with this is that the parameters can be defined with probability density functions (PDFs) that account for the uncertainty and variability of the parameters. In this Master's Thesis a PRA was conducted and followed by calculations of probabilistic guideline values for selected contaminants. The model was run for two sets of PDFs for the parameters: one was collected from extensive research in published articles and another one included the deterministic values set by the Swedish EPA for all parameters. The sets generated cumulative probability distributions (CPDs) of guideline values that, depending on the contaminant, corresponded in different levels to the deterministic guideline values that the Swedish EPA had calculated. In general, there was a stronger correlation between the deterministic guideline values and the CPDs for the sensitive land-use scenario compared to the less sensitive one. For contaminants, such as dioxin and PCB-7, a lowering of the guideline values would be required to fully protect humans and the environment based on the results in this thesis. Based on a recent soil investigation that Geosigma AB has performed, a case study was also conducted. In general there was a correlation between the deterministic site specific guideline values and the CPDs in the case study. In addition to this, a health oriented risk assessment was performed in the thesis where unexpected exposure pathways were found to be governing for the guideline values. For some contaminants the exposure pathway governing the guideline values in the PRA differed from the deterministic ones in 70-90 % of the simulations. Also, the contributing part of the exposure pathways to the unadjusted health guideline values differed from the deterministic ones. This indicated the need of always quantifying the composition of guideline values in probabilistic risk assessments.

Η εργασία αυτή αποσκοπούσε στη μελέτη της πληθυσμιακής και συμπεριφορικής οικολογίας σε δύο είδη τριτώνων που διαβιούν συμπάτρια σε ένα εποχικό τέλμα στο όρος Χελμός κατά την αναπαραγωγική τους περίοδο. Εφαρμόστηκε η μέθοδος της σύλληψης-επανασύλληψης ατόμων με τη χρήση παθητικών πομπών (PIT-tags). Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος εφαρμογής και επιλογής μοντέλων για την εκτίμηση του μεγέθους των πληθυσμών, της αναλογίας φύλων και των πιθανοτήτων επιβίωσης και επανασύλληψης των ατόμων, για την εξέταση του προτύπου μετανάστευσης των ατόμων προς το τέλμα, καθώς και για τη συσχέτιση των πιο πάνω παραμέτρων με περιβαλλοντικές μεταβλητές (θερμοκρασία νερου και εδάφους). Έγινε συγκριτική αξιολόγηση σωματικών μετρήσεων (μήκος και βάρος ατόμων) και διερευνήθηκε η μεταβολή στο χρόνο της κάθε μιας από τις πιο πάνω παραμέτρους ανά είδος και φύλο. Με γενετικές αναλύσεις με τη χρήση μικροδορυφορικών δεικτών προσπαθήσαμε να εκτιμήσουμε τη γενετική ποικιλομορφία (αριθμό αλληλομόρφων) των δύο πληθυσμών, να εξετάσουμε αν βρίσκονται σε ισορροπία Hardy-Weinberg και αν έχουν περάσει από φαινόμενα στενωπού. Η εκτίμηση για τον πληθυσμό του είδους I. alpestris είναι 1032 άτομα και του είδους L. vulgaris 306 άτομα. Οι αναλογίες αρσενικών:θηλυκών ατόμων είναι 1:1 και 2:7, αντίστοιχα. Λόγω ανεπάρκειας των δεδομένων, η εφαρμογή και επιλογή μοντέλων πραγματοποιήθηκε μόνο στο είδος I. alpestris. Η μέση ελάχιστη θερμοκρασία εδάφους είχε ισχυρή επίδραση στις πιθανότητες μετανάστευσης προς το τέλμα. Το ποσοστό ατόμων που εισέρχονταν στο τέλμα μεταβαλλόταν στο χρόνο, αλλά ήταν παρόμοιο για τα δύο φύλα. Η φαινομενική επιβίωση των αρσενικών ατόμων ήταν μικρότερη από την αντίστοιχη των θηλυκών, ενδεχομένως επειδή τα αρσενικά άτομα παραμένουν μέσα στο τέλμα για μικρότερο χρονικό διάστημα. Η σύγκριση του μέσου σωματικού μεγέθους και του μέσου σωματικού βάρους των ατόμων που συλλαμβάναμε σε κάθε δειγματοληψία έδειξε ότι στο είδος I. alpestris άτομα μεγαλύτερα σε μέγεθος και βάρος βρίσκονται στο τέλμα νωρίτερα στην αναπαραγωγική περίοδο. Προς το τέλος της αναπαραγωγικής περιόδου ο πληθυσμός αποτελούνταν από μικρότερα και ελαφρύτερα άτομα, ενώ το πρότυπο αυτό δεν παρατηρήθηκε στο είδος L. vulgaris. Οι γενετικές αναλύσεις αποκάλυψαν μειωμένα επίπεδα γενετικής ποικιλότητας, ειδικά στο είδος L. vulgaris, ο πληθυσμός του οποίου ενδεχομένως να έχει υποστεί φαινόμενα στενωπού, ενώ υποδεικνύουν την ανάγκη λήψης μέτρων προστασίας. / Our purpose was the study of the population and behavioural ecology of two syntopic newts at a temporary pond in Helmos mountain during their breeding period. We performed a capture-recapture experiment using Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT-tags). We fitted models to our data in order to estimate population sizes, sex ratios, apparent survival and probabilities of capture and to examine the patterns of migration into the pond. Water and ground temperature were used as covariates in the analyses in order to determine their effect on the above parameters. Measurements of length and weight were used to investigate for inter- and intra-population variability. Microsatellite DNA analyses were performed to assess the genetic structure of the two populations and to check for the occurrence of genetic bottlenecks. Population size estimates were 1032 individuals for I. alpestris and 306 individuals for L. vulgaris. Male: female ratios were 1:1 and 2:7 respectively. Due to sparseness of data, models were fitted to the I. alpestris data only. The probabilities of individuals entering the pond in each sampling interval were greatly affected by the mean minimum ground temperature for that interval. The percentage of individuals entering the pond varied with time, but was roughly the same for both sexes. Apparent survival of males was lower than that of females, probably due to the fact that males spent less time in the pond. Comparisons of mean body size and weight of individuals caught in each sampling occasion showed that in I. alpestris larger and heavier individuals entered the pond early in the breeding period. As the period drew to its end, smaller and lighter individuals comprised the sampled population. This was not observed in L. vulgaris. Genetic analyses revealed reduced levels of genetic variation relative to other conspecific populations, particularly for L. vulgaris, suggesting that genetic bottlenecks might have occurred, and call for specific conservation measures

This diploma thesis deals with the portrayal of child heroes in English and American literature, in works of Charles Dickens and Mark Twain. The chosen novels are Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These novels are analysed in the themes of child labour and poverty, racism, religion, the view of the world by children in contrast to the adult perspective, upbringing and education. The last chapter deals with the humour of both novelists. Thus the emphasis is put on the social aspect of the literary output of Dickens and Twain. The main aim of the thesis is to depict these child heroes and their acting in the literature of the 19th century, and to reflect the life experience of both authors.

Camera movement in film history. From the technical and artistic point of view.

The thesis is focused on the analysis of quality of toys on the Czech market in context of quality toy brands Safe and Secure toys. Both of these brands are part of the Czech Quality Programme and are solely intended for the assortment of toys. In the first part are defined the basic concepts and procedures relating to theissues tracked to ensure closer acquaintance with the subject. The analytical part based on the results of a survey involving the manufacturers toys (holders of quality labels and other manufacturers), toy retailers, consumers and ČOI Supervisor, supervising toys and childcare products. The final section confirm or reject the hypothesis, evaluated the quality of toys on the Czech market and outlined proposals for solutions with respect to the data obtained in the analytical part.

Magister Legum - LLM (Private Law) / A trade mark is defined as a sign that is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trade marks, copyright, patents and designs are some of the forms of intellectual property. Trade marks can be divided into traditional trade marks and non-traditional trade marks. Traditional trade marks are capable of being represented graphically, for example logos, service marks or company names. Non-traditional trade marks are generally not capable of being represented graphically. Examples of these marks are inter alia, scent, taste, touch and sound marks. Technology is changing the way business is being conducted. The registration of nontraditional trade marks has grown exponentially as businesses seek to use innovative ways to protect their brands. Non-conventional trade marks may be visible signs, examples of which include colours, shapes, moving images, holograms and positions or non-visible signs such as sounds, scents, tastes, textures. Visible signs may easily be registered since they satisfy the requirement of graphical representation. Non-visible marks do not generally meet this requirement which makes their registration more complicated. An example of a registered visible non-traditional trade marks is the four finger shape of Kit Kat chocolates.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 doca_hh_dr_assis.pdf: 8916292 bytes, checksum: 8f6acbb180aa070c368f83b1ea070b0a (MD5) / A leitura cuidadosa do texto do Tratado de Paris, em 1900, leva Mark Twain a concluir que a intenção política norte-americana era, claramente, a de subjugação. Declara-se, abertamente, antiimperialista nesse momento, apesar das inúmeras críticas recebidas por antagonistas políticos que defendiam o establishment dos Estados Unidos. Após viajar para a Europa e Oriente, em 1867, como correspondente do jornal Daily Alta Califórnia, Mark Twain publica, em 1869, seu relato de viagem, The Innocents Abroad or The New Pilgrim's Progress. Nosso estudo demonstra que o autor, apesar das diversas máscaras usadas em seus relatos, narra histórias, culturas e tradições, tanto da Europa quanto do Oriente, já com os olhos bem abertos pelo viés antiimperialista. Faz uso da paródia, sátira, ironia e humor para dessacralizar impérios, monarcas e a Igreja que subjugavam os mais fracos, iluminando, desde então, os estudos sobre culturas. O primeiro capítulo de nosso estudo enfoca os problemas que a Literatura Comparada enfrenta face à globalização, descolonização e democratização, norteado pelo Relatório Bernheimer, como também faz uma reflexão sobre cultura, tradição e o olhar do viajante, justificando o olhar do narrador de The Innocents Abroad. Como pressupostos teóricos, usamos autores como Eliot, Edward Said, Todorov, Foucault, dentre outros. O capítulo subseqüente traz o histórico sobre como se procedeu o ideário antiimperialista de Mark Twain, além de uma abordagem geral em algumas de suas obras. Nosso próximo passo trata do inocente relato twainiano, dando uma compreensão maior ao leitor de como foi feita a colonização norte-americana, como a personagem burlesca é construída e também demonstra o modo como as ilustrações do livro foram delineadas. Encerramos nosso estudo balizando os entrechos de toda a expedição twainiana, que trazem à luz sua posição contra impérios. / The careful reading of the Trait of Paris, in 1900, leads Mark Twain to conclude that America intended policy was clearly one of subjugation. He frankly declares himself an anti-imperialist at that time, notwithstanding the several criticisms he had received from political antagonists who had been defending the United States establishment for a long time. Having traveled to Europe and to the East in 1867 as the Daily Alta California's newspaper correspondent, Mark Twain edits, in 1869, his travel report, The Innocents Abroad or The New Pilgrim's Progress. Our study demonstrates that the author, in spite of using different masks in his reports, narrates histories, cultures and traditions from both Europe and the East with his point of view imbued by his anti-imperialistic ideal. By using in his texts parody, satire, irony and humor to desacralize empires, monarchs, and the Church that had been subjugating the weaker since the Old Age, he highlights, indeed, the cultural studies. The first chapter of our study focuses on Comparative Literature problems, face to globalization, decolonization and democratization, ruled by the Bernheimer Report. It also reflects on themes as culture, tradition and the traveler point of view, justifying the narrator innocent point of view in his report. For theorical support we've concentrated on Eliot, Said, Todorov, Foucault's among others. Subsequently, our study brings up Mark Twain's anti-imperialism way as a general approach to his work. Our next step is focused on the American colonization, and then we demonstrate how Mark Twain created his travel report as a burlesque character and also the way the illustrations of the book were drawn. Finally, we enclose our study highlighting several fragments of The Innocents Abroad that clearly demonstrate Mark Twain's position against empires.