Legal protection of domains in relation to the right of indication The subject of this thesis is a legal protection of domain names. Domain names are used as humanly memorable names for Internet and serve as simple address to access websites. Each domain name has to be unique, it is not possible to register two or more identical names. This makes them very valuable and worth of protecting. The registration process of domain names is very simple and cheap, mostly based on the principle "first come, first served". No one has an automatic right to a particular name. This cause many conflicts, because the principles of registration are often abused by domain speculators. However, the domain names are not subject of special legal regulation in the most countries (Czech republic included). The thesis is composed of two parts. The first part is divided in five chapters. Initiative chapters are focused on defining the concept of domain names, their technical aspects, hierarchical structure and types. In this part is also mentioned Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and its Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). Further, this part contains a description of the registration process of domain names under the country-code top level domain ".cz" (ccTLD.cz) and the legal aspects of domain...

The humor of Mark Twain has long fascinated his readers. Critics such as Messent (2007), Budd (2005), Gerber (1988) and Camfield (2005) have all analyzed Mark Twain’s humor to reveal nuances and to help further the understanding of what makes Twain’s writing humorous. However, there is a distinct gap in the research so far conducted investigating Twain’s humor in relation to young readers, which this paper will begin to address. Twain’s novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (2007) poses a relevant subject for this research as Twain explicitly (in the preface to the novel) professes to write both for children and adults simultaneously. Writing in such a way can be categorized as either “double address” or “dual address”, understanding these terms according to the definitions of Barbara Wall (1991). In this paper I will argue that Mark Twain manages to create “dual address” in Tom Sawyer by using what Greg Camfield (2005) calls “amiable humor” and constructing scenes out of childhood in order to produce delight and nostalgia. By reading closely excerpts of the book and analyzing Twain’s specific use of humor through three prominent theories—superiority theory, relief theory and incongruity— it becomes possible to identify what the implied reader is meant to find humorous, and therefore if Twain manages to establish a “dual address”. An understanding of Twain’s humor from the perspective of both young and adult reader furthers our understanding of the novel by revealing Twain’s implementation of complex “dual address” narration and its implications.

Walking in the house of Daedalus – An analysis of the katabasis motif in Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves   This study analyses the depiction of the labyrinth as a symbolic landscape in regard to both subject and form in the multi-layered novel House of Leaves by Mark Z. Danielewski. Using the mythological katabasis motif as a structural principle, this study discusses modern labyrinthine narratives wherein selfhood is constructed through an infernal journey between a descent and a return. This study analyses the novel with a thematic perspective from two points of view; how the labyrinth acts as central motif for the self in the novel and how the novel visually depicts the narrative through typographical choices throughout the text. The study’s main question is how the novel depicts the labyrinth in regard to its historical and cultural context and how it inscribes itself into a tradition of narratives that depicts the labyrinth as a metaphor for the mind and as a symbol for the exploration of the self.   The result shows that House of Leaves uses a complex cluster of narratives to tell a katabatic story, both through the narrative and the form. Through the symbolic landscape and through the use of a genre typical and uncanny horror story, House of Leaves tells a story about alienation, guilt and love where the characters psychological developments changes in regard to confrontations with the labyrinth and through the symbolical tests that exists throughout the katabatic journey. The characters ascends traumatized from the labyrinth, but are at the same time rewarded with personal insight

Samhällsdigitaliseringen har lett till att byggbranschen mer och mer strävar efter att digitalisera verktyg och arbetssätt. Att presentera projekt i 3D har därför blivit ett hett ämne där flera aktörer strävar efter att både projektera och nyttja 3D ute i produktionen. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet har till största del valt att lägga fokus på byggskedet och belyser de fördelar som går att utvinna genom nyttjandet av så kallade VDC- eller BIM verktyg. Samtidigt belyser andra vetenskapliga rapporter mark och anläggning som ett betydelsefullt skede inom hela byggprocessen. Ett flertal menar också att mark- och anläggningsskedet spelar en huvudroll i huruvida ett byggprojekt når framgång eller inte. Med detta i åtanke upplever författarna att 3D-modeller i mark- och anläggningsprojekt inte utforskats till den grad som känns nödvändig för att belysa fördelarna, men även de olika hinder som står i vägen för en lyckad implementeringsprocess. Det råder inte heller några tvivel om att byggskedet kommit längre i digitala utvecklingsaspekter, så som att visualisera projekt i 3D, vid en jämförelse med mark och anläggning. I denna studie belyser därför författarna de fördelar som går att utvinna genom att visualisera mark- och anläggningsprojekt i 3D. Studien visar upp bevis på varför verktyget bör implementeras och vad aktörer bör tänka på vid en eventuell implementering av 3Dvisualisering i projekt. Syftet med studien är därav att utreda hur det undersökta fallföretaget kan integrera 3D-modeller i mark- och anläggningsprojekt, samt belysa vilka krav fallföretagets anställda ställer på en 3D-modell för att främja utvecklingen av ett verktyg som passar och leder till en hög nyttjandegrad ute i produktionen. Vidare sker en identifiering av vilka förutsättningar ute i mark och anläggningsprojekt som spelar en nyckelroll i huruvida en implementerad 3D-modell skall kunna figurera och verka så som det är tänkt. Studien utförs med en kvalitativ metod där granskning av befintlig litteratur lyfter fram de problemområden som författarna identifierat. Vidare utförs semistrukturerade intervjuer med tjänstemän och yrkesarbetare på fallföretaget Veidekke Entreprenad AB. Intervjuerna genomförs i syfte att identifiera aktuella problem ute i produktionen, undersöka respondenternas syn på 3D-modeller samt belysa verktygets potentiella inverkan på deras vardagliga arbete.  En tydligt övergripande slutsats är att 3D-modeller i allra högsta grad behövs ute i produktionen på mark- och anläggningsprojekt. Mycket pekar på att verktyget bland annat skulle bidra med en ökad förståelse kring utförandet av projekten, men också förbättra kommunikation och produktionsledande. Verktyget kan också enligt studien minimera problemområden gällande tekniska lösningar, förbättra planering, samt genom att digitalisera moment även tillfredsställa arbetsglädjen för produktionsteamet. / Due to the digitalization the construction business is increasingly striving against more digitized tools and working methods. Presenting projects in 3D has therefore become a hot topic where several actors are trying to implement 3D not only in the design phase but also in the production phase. Earlier research dealing with the subject largely chooses to focus on the building construction process and highlights the advantages that can be extracted using so called VDC- or BIM tools. Some of the scientific reports reviewed during this study on the other hand, highlights the importance of the infrastructure and earthworks stages as a part of the entire construction process. Many also believe that the infrastructure and earthworks stage play a key role in whether a construction project achieve success or not. With that in mind, the authors feel that 3D-models for infrastructure and earthworks, have not yet been explored to the extent that feels necessary, meaning that the advantages and the various obstacles that stand in the way of a successful implementation process needs to be investigated. There is no doubt that building construction has come further in a digital development aspect of visualizing projects in 3D, compared to infrastructure and earthworks. In this study the authors have highlighted the benefits that can be gained by visualizing infrastructure and earthworks projects in 3D. The study also shows evidence of why the application of such should take place and what companies should be considering when implementing 3D visualization into such projects. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate how the company researched by the authors can integrate 3D models into their infrastructure and earthworks projects. This in addition to identifying the requirements that the employees have on a 3D model to facilitate development of a tool that fulfils these requirements and is usable in production. In addition, the conditions and requirements that play a main role in infrastructure and earthworks projects have been investigated to identify the most suitable conditions to allow the model to work in the most efficient way as possible. The study is conducted with a qualitative method including an examination of existing literature that highlights the problem areas identified by the authors. In addition, semi structured interviews are carried out with employees from the work-site leadership and the skilled workers at the company Veidekke Entreprenad AB. This to identify the current problem areas in the production of infrastructure and earthworks projects and to examine employees’ view about how 3D models would impact on their everyday work. A clear overall conclusion is that 3D-models are truly needed in infrastructure and earthworks projects out in production. A lot of factors indicate that the tool would, among other things, contribute to an increased understanding of the scope of projects and thus contribute to an improved communication and production process leading. Such a tool can according to this study, also minimize problem areas regarding technical solutions, contribute to a better planning, and by digitizing processes, increase job satisfaction for the site team.

(Eng) The submitted master's thesis discusses non-conventional signs and trade marks, which have grown in significance, especially from the perspective of marketing, traders and law, as was demonstrated by the recent amendments of the European trade mark law. The main aim of this thesis is to identify the particularities of non-conventional signs and obstacles to their registration from the perspective of the selected jurisdictions and consequently, to evaluate the reasons and justifications of the countries' approach. After a historical overview of trade mark functions and the development of law in the studied jurisdictions, the thesis is concerned with outlining the theoretical legal basis of trade mark protection in the European Union, Canada, Australia and the United States of America. The main focus of the thesis lies in the specific effects of the law on the individual types of non-conventional signs and trade marks, with a particular emphasis on the decisions of offices and courts, especially the Court of Justice of the European Union. The analysis includes sounds, scents, shapes and colours, as well as motion marks, holograms, position marks and tactile signs. The main part of the thesis is subdivided into several sections in order to grasp the particularities and singularities of each type...

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As empresas brasileiras fabricantes de produtos de madeira de maior valor agregado apresentam obstáculos que dificultam o seu desenvolvimento e aumento da competitividade. Um deles consiste na carência de estratégias e procedimentos relacionados à qualidade. Historicamente, os produtos de madeira fabricados no Brasil são diferentes, não apresentando padronização, e as iniciativas existentes relacionadas à melhoria da qualidade são poucas. No caso dos pisos de madeira, essa falta de padrões e iniciativas favorece a comercialização de produtos inadequados que provavelmente apresentarão problemas, desestimulando o uso e prejudicando comercialmente todo o setor. Nesse sentido, a Associação Nacional dos Produtores de Pisos de Madeira - ANPM desenvolveu um programa de certificação buscando a melhoria da qualidade dos produtos, entretanto, a efetividade desse programa é desconhecida. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da implantação de um programa de certificação na qualidade do produto piso de madeira. Para tanto, os procedimentos da pesquisa envolveram o levantamento de informações das auditorias contidas no banco de dados da ANPM, consultas a normas / especificações disponíveis, análises envolvendo a evolução de qualidade, realização de auditorias simuladas e comparações entre empresas certificadas e não certificadas. Itens geradores de não conformidades como umidade, dimensões e defeitos foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva e ferramentas básicas diversas incluindo gráficos de distribuição, histogramas e desvios padrões. Os resultados mostraram que a implantação do programa de certificação impactou de forma positiva melhorando o padrão de qualidade dos pisos de madeira e que apenas as empresas certificadas conseguiram atender os requisitos exigidos pelas normas técnicas. Adicionalmente, as informações obtidas nas auditorias do programa permitiram identificar os problemas no processo produtivo, a necessidade de ações corretivas para a solução desses problemas e a maior dificuldade de controle para o item umidade. A conclusão geral é que o programa de certificação contribuiu para a melhoria da qualidade dos pisos de madeira. / Brazilian manufacturers of higher value-added wood products face obstacles that hinder their development and the increase in competitiveness. A major hindrance is the lack of strategies and procedures related to quality. Historically, wood products manufactured in Brazil are different, have no standardization and there are few existing initiatives regarding quality improvement. For wood flooring, the lack of standardization and initiatives favors the commercialization of unsuitable products that may present problems, discouraging their use and damaging commercially the whole sector. In this sense, the National Hardwood Flooring Association - ANPM developed a certification program seeking to improve product quality; however, the effectiveness of this program is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the effects of implementing a certification program to product quality for wood flooring. The research procedures involved the survey of information from the ANPM audit database, consultations the standards / specifications available, analysis of quality evolution aspects, simulated audits and comparisons between certified and non-certified companies. Items that generate nonconformities such as moisture, dimensions and defects using descriptive statistics and basic tools including various distribution graphs, histograms and standard deviations were analyzed. The results showed that the implementation of the certification program improved the standard for wood flooring quality and only certified companies were able to meet the requirements of the technical standards. Additionally, the information obtained from audits identified problems in the production process, the need for corrective actions to resolve these problems and major obstacle to control moisture. The general conclusion is that the certification program contributed to improving wood flooring quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVIO ROGERIO ZURAWSKI.pdf: 1142288 bytes, checksum: cab253138c5f16087acd54784ef3438f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / This work aims to build an exegesis and hermeneutics of the text of Mark 5,1-20, which narrates the liberation of a Gerasene possessed by an unclean spirit. The synoptic gospels, especially Mark s tradition, have very many stories where Jesus appears in exorcism activity. He frees people and communities from possession of unclean spirits and/or demons. The use of the historical-critical method of reading of the Bible allows to see two historical moments in the text of Mark 5,1-20: the central memory of Jesus exorcism activity and the context of Mark s community. In the years 66-70, the Markan community is suffering from the reoccupation of Palestine by the Roman military legions and faces an internal crisis with the acceptance and entry of Gentiles into the early Church and its organization. In the realistic exorcism narrative of Mark 5,1-20, through Jesus performance, on the symbolic and ideological plane, the forces of evil were being overcome. With the use of historical and geographical data, military images and symbols, Gerasa, Decapolis, legion and pigs, the social, economic, political and ideological structures of the Roman Empire seem to be demon- possessed. With the drowning of the pigs in the sea and the sending of the former demon-possessed Gerasene, in terms of representations and imaginative universe, the Markan community would overcome evil and propose the entry and sending of gentiles still in the public ministry of Jesus. The present work also demonstrates that a fundamentalist reading of the biblical texts, as well as some demythologizing works, helped to keep the social, economic, political and ideological dimensions absent in the exegesis and interpretation of the exorcism narratives. / Esse trabalho tem por objetivo a construção de uma exegese e hermenêutica do texto de Marcos 5,1-20, onde é narrada a libertação de um geraseno possesso em espírito impuro. Os evangelhos sinóticos, especialmente a tradição de Marcos, apresentam uma grande quantidade de narrativas onde Jesus aparece em atividade exorcística. Ele liberta pessoas e comunidades da possessão de espíritos impuros e/ou demônios. A utilização do método histórico-crítico de leitura da bíblia permite perceber dois momentos históricos no texto de Marcos 5,1-20: a memória central da atividade exorcistica de Jesus e o contexto da comunidade de Marcos. Nos anos 66- 70 a comunidade marcana sofre com a reocupação da Palestina por parte das legiões militares romanas e enfrenta uma crise interna com a aceitação e entrada de gentios na Igreja nascente e em sua organização. Na narrativa realista de exorcismo de Marcos 5,1-20, por meio da atuação de Jesus, no plano simbólico-ideológico, as forças do mal estariam sendo vencidas. Com o emprego de dados históricogeográficos, imagens militares e símbolos, Gerasa, Decápole, legião e porcos, as estruturas sociais, econômicas, políticas e ideológicas do império romano parecem ser endemoninhadas. Com o afogamento dos porcos no mar e o envio de exendemoninhado geraseno, no plano das representações e do imaginário, a comunidade marcana venceria o mal e proporia a entrada e envio de gentios ainda no ministério público de Jesus. A leitura fundamentalista dos textos bíblicos e o movimento de demitologização deveriam manter as dimensões sociais, econômicas, políticas e ideológicas na exegese e interpretação das narrativas de exorcismos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAROLINA BEZERRA DE SOUZA.pdf: 1878532 bytes, checksum: 70cf5ba75d2238714508c1bdeaaefd2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-28 / This paper aims to demonstrate that, through the Gospel of Mark, a standard set of egalitarian gender relations is developed in the scenes involving Jesus and women, taking the women out of a context of disease, oppression and exclusion and giving them positive characterization. This model of gender relations can be a paradigm for gender relations today and help in fighting violence against women, which is many times legitimated by religious texts and traditions. To do so, it starts with a comprehension of the context, structure and function of the Gospel of Mark. Them, using the gender category and a feminist hermeneutics of liberation, it does a the narratological analysis of the following pericopes: Mark 1:29-31, 3:31-35; 5.21-43, 7.24-30; 12.41-44, 14.3-9, 15.40-16.8. These passages are the ones that have women and Jesus as a historical-narrative subject and contain a criticism of the patriarchal ethos. Finally, understanding the violence against women as a consequence of gender domination, it uses the results of the analysis to propose new ways of being male and female in their multiple relations. Thus, this work intend, through a reinterpretation of biblical texts, to provide material that can help in reconstructing respectful and fair gender relations and in preventing practices of discrimination and violence. / Este trabalho pretende demonstrar que, no decorrer do Evangelho de Marcos, é estabelecido um padrão de relação de gênero igualitário através das cenas envolvendo Jesus e as mulheres, retirando as mulheres de um contexto de doença, opressão e exclusão e dando-lhes caracterização positiva. Esse modelo de relação de gênero pode ser um paradigma para as relações de gênero de hoje e ajudar no combate a violência contra a mulher muitas vezes legitimada com textos e tradições bíblicos. Para tanto, parte-se de uma compreensão do contexto, estrutura e função do Evangelho de Marcos. Faz-se, então, a análise narratológica, utilizando a categoria de gênero e valendo-se de uma hermenêutica feminista de libertação, das seguintes perícopes: Mc 1,29-31; 3,31-35; 5,21-43; 7,24-30; 12,41-44; 14,3-9; 15,40- 16,8. Estas são as passagens que têm mulheres e Jesus como sujeito históriconarrativo e contêm críticas ao ethos patriarcal. Por fim, entendendo a violência contra a mulher como uma consequência da dominação de gênero, usam-se os resultados das análises para propor novas formas de ser homem e mulher em suas múltiplas relações. Assim, o trabalho pretende, por meio de uma reinterpretação dos textos bíblicos, fornecer material que possa ajudar a reconstruir relações de gênero respeitosas, justas e prevenir práticas de discriminação e violência.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcello Soares Castro.pdf: 1149944 bytes, checksum: acda411a643ccdf39ba512aa2b793c77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study Jurisdictional Urgent Relief of Protection of the Trade Mark Rights, conducted by Marcello Castro Soares, has as its object the protection of trademark rights from the perspective of effective judicial protection, conveyed by satisfativa tutelage of urgency. Thus it is justified to analyze the technical and procedural apparatus of guardianship satisfativa urgency and instrumental ensemble of effectively protective of trademark rights, detecting the characteristics and requirement of substantive law, to identify and provide appropriate forms of applicability of these techniques if the prompt granting to judicial review. With doctrinal and jurisprudential research, the aim is to examine the effective and sensitive to the legal reality of trademark rights, in order to present an effective judicial remedy procedural strategies. We adopted this approach to design a constructive new perspective in which configures the Civil Procedure Law, the use of procedural techniques as suitable for the protection of rights instruments. The methodological procedures of this research leave from literature and legislative review on the subject, later the jurisprudential analysis. After performing these procedures, sistematizaremos the use of procedural technique to institute substantive law, simultaneously highlighting the construction of the Civil Procedure Law as an instrument of efficiency of trademark rights. The basic research techniques used are the jurisprudential literature and documentary. The literature will be developed from prominent works on the subject, and specialty papers, both directed to specific public jurists. The desk research will involve the study of relevant documents held as normative acts related to the topic and current jurisprudence of the main courts dealing with these problems. In short, like the findings, initially highlights aspects such as overcoming paradigm in civil procedural law, the collaboration of doctrinal, jurisprudential and legislative debates on this aspect, as well as show how the judicial protection of urgency was a standard of effectiveness. In another room, we present the specific interpretation of the relevant rules to that legal protection, with the goal of leading the reader to a different compression on the applicability, effectiveness and imperative nature of technical procedural points. Finally, these elements listed for debate, he strove to analyze the application's tutelage satisfativa urgency in protecting trademark rights, when they require immediate judicial protection / O presente trabalho Tutela de Urgência Satisfativa na Proteção dos Direitos de Marca, desenvolvido por Marcello Soares Castro, tem como objeto a proteção dos direitos de marca sob a ótica da tutela jurisdicional efetiva, veiculada pela tutela de urgência satisfativa. Assim se justifica analisar o aparato técnico-processual da tutela de urgência satisfativa como conjunto instrumental efetivamente de protetivo dos direitos de marca, detectando as características e exigência do direito material, para identificar e apresentar formas adequadas de aplicabilidade dessas técnicas caso seja fundamental a concessão imediata de tutela jurisdicional. Com investigações doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais, almeja-se examinar as estratégias processuais efetivas e sensíveis à realidade jurídica dos direitos de marca, com a finalidade de apresentar uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva. Adotou-se neste projeto uma abordagem construtiva da nova perspectiva em que se configura o Direito Processual Civil, a da utilização das técnicas processuais como instrumentos idôneos para a tutela dos direitos. Os procedimentos metodológicos desta pesquisa partem da revisão bibliográfica e legislativa acerca do tema, posteriormente a análise jurisprudencial. Após realizados estes procedimentos, sistematizaremos o uso da técnica processual ao instituto de direito material, destacando concomitantemente a construção do Direito Processual Civil como instrumento de eficácia dos direitos de marca. As técnicas básicas de pesquisa adotadas são a bibliográfica e documental jurisprudencial. A pesquisa bibliográfica será desenvolvida a partir de obras de destaque quanto ao tema, e artigos científicos especializados, ambos dirigidos a público específicos, os operadores do direito. A pesquisa documental consistirá no estudo detidos de documentos relevantes, como diplomas normativos referentes ao tema e jurisprudências atualizadas dos principais tribunais que se ocupam com estes problemas. Em síntese, como resultados obtidos, inicialmente se destaca aspectos como a superação de paradigma no direito processual civil, a colaboração da doutrinária, jurisprudencial e debates legislativos sobre esse aspecto, assim como apontar como a tutela jurisdicional de urgência se constituiu um standard da efetividade. Noutro espaço, apresentam-se pontos específicos da interpretação das normas atinentes à referida tutela jurisdicional, com o objetivo de conduzir o leitor a uma compressão diferenciada quanto à aplicabilidade, eficácia e imperatividade da técnica processual. Por fim, elencados esses elementos para debate, ocupou-se em analisar a aplicação da tutela de urgência satisfativa na proteção dos direitos de marca, quando os mesmos exigem imediata proteção jurisdicional