The work is dedicated to the protection of consumer rights on the property market. The graduation thesis consists of three parts. The first part is the theoretical basis of the issues to be analysed: concept of "consumer", protection of consumer rights. The practical part of the study is focused on violations of the rights of consumers on the real estate market and trends in this field. The last part of the work is advisory, because it describes recommendations for consumers who want to buy real estate. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse violations of consumer rights when purchasing real estate. The central hypothesis is the following statement: violations of consumer rights are due to large gaps in the Czech legislation. The graduation thesis is intended for a wide range of readers interested in the real estate market, as well as for those who have an intention to buy real estate.

This master‘s thesis is a journey of generating a prototype evaluation tool for Sparbanken Rekarne, the aim was to contribute to the emerging field as an innovation and design and specifically pre-project management. The major stakeholder was Sparbanken Rekarne AB, they needed an innovation model and the research question formulated was: What are the perspectives and the process of an early stage tool for evaluating innovation project ideas? ‘The approach was gathering theoretical knowledge in the development of the evaluation tool using a systematic literature review. The theoretical knowledge building was done by carrying out a systematic literature review to inspect different credible evaluation tool to use. Focusing specifically on pre-project evaluation tools, a knowledge gap (Gap spotting) was soon discovered after reviewing some pre-project evaluation tools. Firstly needed to see what pre-project evaluation tools are available. One stood out with stages and that ended being the main inspiration for the early-stage evaluation tool. Still basing the tool on theoretical knowledge, the solution was to hybridizing existing pre-project evaluation tools and tools already developed. Merging interactive research with Agile principals was how the information was gathered and how the project was planned. The data gathered was dissected and used in developing the evaluation tool. Purpose of the pre-project evaluation tool is to bring clarity for Sparbanken Rekarne in making decisions about choosing pre-projects to invest in. This master‘s thesis gives a detailed description of how to implement the Early-stage evaluation tool (Chapter 4) from a Sparbanken Rekarne developer‘s perspective. Results, a contribution to innovation and design, specifically pre-project management. The early-stage evaluation tool can maturate idea‘s into concept pre-project that are measured. Involvement with all stakeholder makes sure the pre-projects entering the project planning phase has a market.

The goal of this diploma work was comparison the conditions of providing the mortgage loans before and during the financial crisis. In the first part of this work I define the basic parameter of the mortgage loans as a category of this loans, period of interest, interest rate, repaying and ensuring mortgage loans and also state assistaence. In the second part of this work I analyzed the current situation in the mortgage market in the Czech Republic with a period before the financial crisis especially with the year 2007. I also compared the conditions of the concrete mortgage loan from the year 2006 with the year 2012, which provided Hypoteční banka, a.s.In a model comparison I compared offers of mortgage loans in selected banks (Česká spořitelna, a.s, Komerční banka, a.s., Hypoteční banka, a.s, Raiffeisenbank, a.s., and Wüstenrot, a.s. to find out which bank has a best conditions for the applicants for mortgage loans.I compared the mortgage loans for purchase and reconstruction.

The Diploma thesis is focused on the mortgage loan as a part of national economy. It deals with the main features of the mortgage market in the Czech Republic. The objective/aim of this thesis is to analyze the dependence of the mortgage loans on the development of the selected macroeconomic indicators. This dependence will be firstly described theoretically and verified by the statistical methods afterwards. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the theoretical characteristics of the mortgage loans. The next part, which deals with the analysis of the mortgage market, is divided into several stages according to the mortgage market development. The third part deals with the macroeconomic importance of the mortgage loans and examines the dependence of the mortgage market development on the selected quantities. The hypotheses expressed in the previous part are verified by using statistical analysis in the last part of this thesis.

The aim of my thesis was to analyze the assessment of developments in the national insurance market in recent years, including the selected trends which it operates. The first chapter focuses on the development of national economy. This is essentially a development of selected economic indicators: GDP, inflation rate and unemployment rate. The second chapter focuses on the general characteristics of the insurance market. This chapter is mainly devoted to specific indicators of the insurance market and that it also deals with insurance companies, which are evaluated according to various criteria. Another part of my thesis are devoted to developments. Specifically, the trends and non-life insurance, which is a general characteristic, current trends and insurance products at the end of the selected trends. These two chapters end with a brief comparison with the values of the European Union. In the following section are discussed in more detail the general trends: the asymmetry of information, protection of the client, the principle of single license, insurance fraud, the development of information technology and bancassurance. The last chapter consists of developments in the regulation of insurance - IFRS 4 and Solvency II. The conclusion is devoted to forecast the future development of the insurance market.

Under de senaste tio åren har ett nytt segment öppnats på fastighetsmarknaden, nämligen marknaden för samhällsfastigheter. Politiska beslut från tidigt 90-tal har gjort det möjligt för privata aktörer att etablera friskolor och äldreboenden. Reformerna har möjliggjort att även investera i verksamheternas lokaler. Vid dessa förvärv brukar ett relativt långt hyreskontrakt medfölja och det finns ett starkt samband mellan den förhandlade hyran och försäljningspriset. När förvärvet är genomfört och kontraktet sedan löper ut kan det bli problematiskt att avgöra vilken nivå den nya hyran bör ligga på. Hyresgästens betalningsförmåga är en central del i analyserna i denna uppsats. Uträkningen av kommunens så kallade skolpeng respektive omsorgspeng kartläggs för att dra slutsatser om vilka marginaler respektive part har att förhålla sig till och hur det påverkar den förväntade hyran. I denna uppsats diskuterar vi också huruvida hyressättningen av samhällsfastigheter kan återkopplas till olika kombinationer av hyresrelationer. Incitament till att ta ut en viss hyra kan variera beroende på fastighetsägarens syfte med innehavet. Betoning läggs särskilt på kommuner och privata aktörers tillvägagångssätt vid hyressättning samt dess konsekvenser. En stor skillnad mellan marknaden för samhällsfastigheter och en traditionell marknad för kommersiella fastigheter är att den förstnämnda utgör en så kallad kvasimarknad, det vill säga en kommersiell marknad där icke normala förhållanden råder. Huruvida även denna är en mogen marknad belyses samt vad det får för inverkan på hyressättningen, idag och i framtiden. Slutligen diskuteras om alternativa metoder jämfört med dagens skulle vara tillämpbara vid hyressättningen samt under vilka förutsättningar det i så fall skulle vara möjligt. / Social real estates, i.e. real estates for activities that are financed through taxes, have recently become a largely discussed topic in various Swedish debates. Political reforms from the early 90s has made it possible for private owners to establish schools and retirement homes, where purchases of municipally owned properties are commonplace today. With these transactions a relatively long rental-agreement is usually included, which becomes a major influencing parameter when it comes to the amount the acquirer is willing to pay for the Real Estate. Once the acquisition is completed and the included contract expires, it can be problematic to determine what the new rent should be due to various factors, such as lack of knowledge about the tenants’ economy. The tenants’ margins when paying rent have a central part in this analysis. The municipality indirectly determines these margins since they are the ones funding these social real estates. Thus, the municipalities’ calculations of the school-funding and retirement home-funding are being explained. Something that is also discussed in this paper is whether the rents of social real estates can vary depending on which one of the various combinations of ownership is taking place. I.e. a private owner with a governmental tenant, vice versa or a situation where both the owner and the tenant is governmental/private. These different circumstances may affect the rent due to the fact that different relations can lead to dissimilar incentives to charge certain amounts of rent. Consequently, emphasis in the essay is placed especially on the descriptions of the actions of the municipalities, the private owners and the tenants. A big difference between the social real estate market and a regular office market is that the former is a so-called quasi-market, a commercial market that lacks normal conditions. The maturity of this market is highlighted as well as whether the maturity has an impact on rents today and in the future. Lastly, a discussion is held on whether alternative methods would be applicable when deciding rent levels and under which conditions this would be possible

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию Банковского потребительского кредитования, и тенденций его развития. Предметом исследования являются экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе организации потребительского кредитования в коммерческом банке. Цель выпускной квалификационной работы (магистерской диссертации) заключается в разработке практических мероприятий по совершенствованию банковского потребительского кредитования. В заключении подводятся итоги проведенного исследования, делаются основные выводы и обобщаются перспективные направления по развитию потребительского кредитования в коммерческом банке. / The final qualification work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of Bank consumer lending, and its development trends. The subject of the study is economic relations arising in the process of organizing consumer lending in a commercial bank. The purpose of the final qualification work (master's thesis) is to develop practical measures to improve consumer banking lending. In conclusion, the results of the study are summarized, the main conclusions are drawn and perspective directions for the development of consumer lending in a commercial bank are summarized.

The phenomenon of underpricing is a matter often spoken about in previous research, there are also well known papers that touch upon the subject of asymmetrical information on the marketplace as the central theory. This paper seeks to analyze the Swedish IPO market from 2011 through 2021 and is further limited to Swedish Tech companies listed on Nasdaq First North Growth Market. When a company decides to introduce their stocks onto the market, it is interesting to observe the market trends and the stock price changes from the first day of introduction. Prior studies analyze how stocks are heavily underpriced on the date of introduction as a strategy to spike the value on the first active day on the market, and thereafter slow down their growth in the coming months. Using prior research as a point of reference, the purpose of this paper is to observe how market trends on the day of an IPO affect its long-term performance. This study is based on an observation of 79 IPO:s on First North, where 30% of the cases were underpriced, and 70% were overpriced. The analysis shows that the underpricing of an IPO tends to lead to a positive performance of the stock over the coming 6 months, and the opposite is considered to be true for overpriced stocks. Further analysis of the result implies that the stock's performance follows a negative trend among 50 of the studied cases, independent of the industry trend as a whole. A statistical significance could not be found for underpricing in regard to both the following long-term performance of the stock and the industry trend; therefore, no statistical correlation could be determined. / Fenomenet om underprissättning är ett omtalat ämne i tidigare forskningsstudier fram till idag. Det finns även välkända teorier som behandlar detta ämnesområde där asymmetrisk information på marknaden är den centrala ideologin. Denna studie ämnar analysera den svenska IPO-marknaden från och med 2011 till och med 2021, och är vidare avgränsad till svenska tech-bolag listade på Nasdaq First North Growth Market. När ett företag tar beslut om att introduceras på aktiemarknaden är det intressanta att observera marknadstrenden och aktiekursens riktning från bolagets första handelsdag. Detta eftersom tidigare forskning har studerat hur aktier vid börsintroduktion är signifikant underprissatta för att sedan snabbt stiga i värde de första handelsdagarna och därefter sjunka kraftigt månaderna efter. Med utgångspunkt från dessa forskningsstudier är syftet med denna studie att observera hur marknadstrender på börsintroduktionsdagen påverkar aktiens långsiktiga prestation. Studien är bestående av 79 observerade börsintroduktioner på First North, där 30% av fallen var underprissatta och resterande 70% överprissatta. Analysen visar att när en underprissättning sker vid börsintroduktion tenderar aktien att prestera positiv avkastning sex månader efter, och motsatsen för om en överprissättning sker. Vidare analys av resultatet visar att aktiens kursriktning vid 50 av fallen har en nedåtgående trend oavsett hur dess branschtrend beter sig. En statistisk signifikans mellan underprissättning och den efterföljande total avkastningen samt branschtrenden och den efterföljande totalavkastningen var inte möjlig att påvisas i studien, och något samband mellan dessa anses därmed inte föreligga.

В выпускной квалификационной работе рассматриваются основные стратегические подходы к развитию бизнеса, типы и виды стратегий диверсификации предприятия, тенденции рынка арматурного проката и проводится оценка рыночных позиций предприятия «УВМ-Сталь», по результатам которого разрабатывается методический подход для формирования стратегии диверсификации торгового предприятия в сфере металлопроката. В рамках исследования предлагается проект по созданию собственного промышленного предприятия по производству арматурного проката и обосновывается целесообразность перехода предприятия на стратегию диверсификации. / In the final qualifying work, the main strategic approaches to business development, types and types of strategies for the diversification of the enterprise, trends in the market of rebar products are considered and the market positions of the enterprise "UVM-Steel" are evaluated, according to the results of which a methodological approach is developed for the formation of a strategy for the diversification of a trading enterprise in the field of rolled metal. Within the framework of the study, a project is proposed to create its own industrial enterprise for the production of rebar products and the feasibility of switching the enterprise to a strategy of diversification is justified.

This thesis is focused on the analysis of the global lighting market and the assessment of the current position of the Czech Republic in this market. The first part is devoted to the theoretical introduction in the field of lighting technology. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the relation between lighting market and energy sector, especially with regard to energy efficiency policy. The market analysis is concentrated primarily on general lighting, which forms the largest and the most important lighting market segment. The development of the Czech lighting market is then discussed in the context of the global as well as the European market. Additionally, the thesis includes analysis of current trends in lighting technology and research conducted among manufacturers of lighting.