<p>The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand how music festivals in Sweden are marketed today and the changes that will and may occur in the future. Music festivals are a common phenomenon in Sweden today and since most of them only are arranged once a year it gives the marketing of them a special character. Therefore I find it interesting to look at how the development of the Internet will change the marketing of music festivals. This study is based on a qualitative method where I have performed eight interviews with people who have given me their thoughts about this subject. The gathered material and my conclusions of this study are presented in chapter 4 and 5 and for further knowledge about this I recommend you to take a closer look at those chapters.</p>

The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand how music festivals in Sweden are marketed today and the changes that will and may occur in the future. Music festivals are a common phenomenon in Sweden today and since most of them only are arranged once a year it gives the marketing of them a special character. Therefore I find it interesting to look at how the development of the Internet will change the marketing of music festivals. This study is based on a qualitative method where I have performed eight interviews with people who have given me their thoughts about this subject. The gathered material and my conclusions of this study are presented in chapter 4 and 5 and for further knowledge about this I recommend you to take a closer look at those chapters.

我國汽車保險於產物保險業務結構中占約百分之五十，其業務消長與品質關係著保險公司經營績效。而業績消長與品質好壞又跟行銷通路息息相關。掌握通路即掌握業務雖對，但如何選擇好的通路及經營，就牽涉到保險公司自身之定位與優勢所在。金融控股公司法於2001年6月27日經立法院三讀通過，並於同年11月1日實施，自此金融相關產業正式邁入戰國時代，各大金融控股公司相繼成立。金控業者借由自身銀行、證券、壽險、產險等行業在資源整合、交叉行銷、One-Stop Shopping、與成本管控運用下，期待能正面積極發揮綜效（Synergy）以達成效益極大化之經營模式。非金控業者為求生存發展，也紛紛與其他異業合作，或尋求其他新興行銷營運模式，形成多元行銷契機。 　　汽車險業務經營傳統上受車商保代之影響很大，自2005下半年起因受銀行雙卡壞帳緊縮消費金融影響下，2006年汽車經銷商新車銷售大幅衰退，直接衝擊著汽車險保費的收入，因此若依賴車商業務較重之業者將承受相同衰退命運。但若業者能經營多元行銷通路，相對的可能影響就較輕微。因此產險公司如何開拓與壽險、銀行之異業合作，以提升汽車險及其他保險業務，對本身保險業務之成長就非常重要。 　　本研究以個案公司經營壽險及銀行通路為對象分析，確發現產險公司若能有效發揮自身優勢，提供附加價值，積極爭取異業合作，尤其是壽險與銀行業之互利合作，藉由他們廣大之人力與據點通路，對汽車險業務之成長有很大之幫助。另外因為多元通路的經營，風險分散，也較不會因為不利事件或經濟環境不佳，而造成業務成長的瓶頸。 / Motor insurance business has played a dominant role in the Taiwanese non-life insurance industry. The written premium incomes from the motor insurance accounts for nearly 50% of the overall incomes of the domestic market. The underwriting quality of the motor insurance business is highly related to the profit result and is closely depending on the marketing channels. Therefore, the selection of appropriate marketing channels will have predominant influence in the performance of a non-life insurance company. In 2001, the financial holding regulation went into effect and all financial sectors, including banking industry, life insurance industry, non-life insurance industry, and security industry, had made efforts to integrate internal resources in order to lower operating costs, to develop cross-selling strategy, and to provide better customer service in order to achieve the synergy from financial holdings. At the same time, those financial sectors without joining financial holding group also look for new marketing strategy through strategic alliance and or innovative market channels. 　　The marketing channels of the motor insurance business in Taiwan are traditionally dominated by car dealers. However, since the new car sales in 2006 were seriously impacted by the irrecoverable loans or credits of the credit cards in 2005 and by the depression, decreasing almost 30% than that of previous year, of new-motor market in 2006. Nevertheless, the non-life insurance company might reduce the mentioned impacts if it can conduct multi-channels with good quality except for car dealers. Therefore, to cooperate with other industries, including life insurance and banking fields, to establish a strategic alliance will be very important for the development of the property insurance company in all aspects at present and the near future. 　　The model of the research is focusing on the case studies of the two channels, life insurance business and banking business, for the operation of the non-life insurance company. With the detailed analysis, we discovered that non-life insurance company can effectively increase growth of the written motor insurance premium by the approaches of developing self-advantages, providing additional values, and co-operating with the salesmen and the resources of the life insurance industry and banking industries. Furthermore, to run the multi-channels for the property insurance companies will be extremely contributive to disperse risks and will avoid the bottleneck of sales growth under the circumstances of the unfavorable events and of the recession.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Finance and Economics. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Relacionamentos interorganizacionais são complexos e multifacetados, por sua natureza não apenas econômica, mas social e cultural. Por sua vez, estratégias de Marketing de Relacionamento não apenas possibilitam vantagens competitivas sustentáveis, mas podem interferir nos sistemas de símbolos e significados de organizações diferentes, através da frequência e qualidade das interações e pela existência de confiança, comprometimento, cooperação e aprendizados comuns. Considerando os fundamentos e práticas do Marketing de Relacionamento, o Marketing como área de fronteira dentro das organizações e as características e processos atinentes à Cultura Organizacional, este estudo teve como propósito analisar a contribuição dos relacionamentos interorganizacionais, especificamente entre fornecedores e clientes, nas suas transformações culturais organizacionais. Assim, tendo uma revisão literária na qual se abordaram a Cultura Organizacional, o Marketing de Relacionamento e as fronteiras organizacionais, foi efetuado um estudo qualitativo de casos múltiplos. Participaram da pesquisa funcionários e intermediários de canais de marketing de uma empresa moveleira (intitulada Empresa M) e de uma empresa de prestação de serviços financeiros (intitulada Empresa S). Foram realizadas quarenta e seis entrevistas em profundidade e uma observação, em quatro fases de pesquisa: a primeira e a terceira fases na Empresa M (vinte e seis entrevistas e uma observação), e a segunda e quarta na Empresa S (vinte entrevistas). A análise de dados utilizada foi a baseada na grounded theory. Os resultados indicam a importância da confiança, do comprometimento, da cooperação e dos processos de aprendizagem nas transformações das culturas organizacionais envolvidas; a importância destas dimensões na continuidade dos relacionamentos e na redução dos conflitos de papel dos interfaceadores; o papel da rotatividade e dos símbolos e significados não compartilhados em enfraquecer essas dimensões e respectivas relações. Por fim, evidenciam a existência de uma cultura interorganizacional, um sistema de símbolos e significados partilhados, por grupos ou indivíduos de organizações diferentes, de forma transitória ou específica a determinadas questões (perspectiva cultural da fragmentação). / Interorganizational relationships are complex and multifaceted, by its nature not only economic but social and cultural. In turn, Relationship Marketing strategies not only allow sustainable competitive advantages, but can influence the systems of symbols and meanings of different organizations, through the frequency and quality of interactions and the existence of trust, commitment, cooperation and learning processes. Considering the fundamental practices of Relationship Marketing, the boundary characteristics of Marketing in organizations and the characteristics and processes related to organizational culture, this study aimed to analyze the contribution of interorganizational relationships, specifically suppliers and customers, to the changes in organizational cultures. Therefore, considering a literature review in which was addressed Organizational Culture, Relationship Marketing and organizational boundaries, it was made a qualitative multiple-case study. The participants were employees and marketing channels intermediaries of a furniture company (called Company M) and a financial services company (called Company S). Forty-six in-depth interviews and one observation were made, at four phases of research, the first and third phases in Company M, with twenty-six interviews and the observation, and the second and fourth in the Company S, with twenty interviews. The data analysis used was based on grounded theory. The results indicate the importance of trust, commitment, cooperation and learning processes in the changes of organizational cultures considered, the importance of these dimensions in the relationships continuity and boundary spanners’ role conflicts reduction and the role of turnover unshared symbols and meanings in weakening these dimensions and their relations. Finally, demonstrate the existence of interorganizational culture, a system of symbols and meanings shared by groups or individuals from different organizations, on a temporary way or specific to certain issues (culture perspective of fragmentation).

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar como os agricultores familiares constroem agroindústrias que conseguem produzir novidades, acessando mercados para os seus produtos e desenvolvendo interações com outros atores sociais, instituições e ações governamentais no contexto em que estão imersos. De maneira mais específica, as perguntas que guiaram a investigação foram: (a) Como surgem as agroindústrias em regiões de agricultura familiar já integrada aos mercados de grãos e commodities agrícolas? (b) Como os agricultores produzem novidades a partir das suas agroindústrias e constroem socialmente seus canais de comercialização e mercados? (c) Quais os papéis das ações governamentais e instituições reguladoras dos alimentos junto às agroindústrias familiares? Para atingir este objetivo e responder a estas questões, foram utilizados dois enfoques teóricos: a Perspectiva Orientada aos Atores e a abordagem Multinível e Coevolucionária, associada à noção de produção de novidades. A investigação foi baseada em metodologia quali-quantitativa, com o uso de dados primários e secundários. Os principais instrumentos de coleta de informações qualitativas e dados primários foram 23 entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e diário de campo. Como fonte de informações secundárias e dados quantitativos figuram os do IBGE, FEE e de instituições e entidades sociais que fizeram parte do estudo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Região do Médio Alto Uruguai, porção ao Norte do território do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), onde foram investigadas sete experiências de agroindústrias familiares. Os principais resultados da investigação se dirigem a quatro direções conclusivas. Primeiro, as agroindústrias familiares produzem novidades em ternos de novos produtos/processos de fabricação de alimentos, tecnologias, canais de comercialização e organizações sociais coletivas como a RECOSOL (Rede de Comercialização Solidária das Agroindústrias Familiares). Segundo, os principais canais de comercialização construídos são as vendas diretas agricultor-consumidor, vendas em eventos, pontos formais de comércio, cadeias longas, institucionais e os circuitos coletivos e em redes. Terceiro, a principal novidade descoberta no estudo é organizacional, sendo constituída pela RECOSOL, suas cooperativas e associações membros. Estas novidades produzidas pelas agroindústrias geram tanto transições no regime sociotécnico alimentar, como incrementos, desempenhando papéis duplos. Como quarta evidência da pesquisa, conclui-se que as ações institucionais são dúbias em relação ao apoio prestado às agroindústrias. Há partes do Estado que incentivam as experiências como o Programa Territórios Rurais e da Cidadania, o PRONAF (Agroindústria e Custeio e Comercialização para as Agroindústrias) e o Programa de Agroindústria Familiar (PAF/RS). Por outro ângulo, há instituições do mesmo Estado que elaboram regras e normas restritivas ao desenvolvimento e formalização das agroindústrias, inclusive agindo via aplicação de sanções às experiências. / The overall objective of the study was to investigate how farmers can build agro-industries that produce novelties, accessing markets for their products and developing interactions with other social actors, institutions and government actions in the context in which they are immersed. More specifically, the questions that guided the research were: (a) How come the agro-industries in family farming regions of already integrated markets for grains and agricultural commodities? (b) As farmers produce novelties from their agro-industries and socially construct their marketing channels and markets? (c) What are the roles of government actions and institutions governing food on family agro-industries? To achieve this goal and to answer these questions two theoretical approaches were used, the Perspective Oriented Actors and Multilevel and Co-Evolutionary approach, associated with the notion of novelties production. The research was based on qualitative and quantitative methodology, using primary and secondary data. The main tools for collecting primary data and qualitative information were 23 semistructured interviews, participant observation and field diary. As secondary source of information were included quantitative data from the IBGE, FEE and social organizations and institutions that participated in the study. The research was conducted in the Upper East Region Uruguay portion of the territory north of the Rio Grande do Sul (RS), where seven experiences of family agro-industrieswere investigated . The main research results are addressed in four directions conclusive. First, the family agro-industries produce novelties in suits of new products/processes food manufacturing, technology, marketing channels and social organizations as collective RECOSOL (Net Solidary Trading of Families Agro-Industries). Second, the main sales channels are builtdirectly by sales farmer – consumer, sales events, points of formal trade, long chains, institutional and collective circuits and networks. Third, the main novelty finding in this study is organizational, being constituted by RECOSOL, cooperatives and their members.These novelties produced by agroindustries generate both transitions in sociotechnical regime food increments as having dual roles. As a fourth research evidence, it is concluded that institutional actions are dubious on support provided agro-industries. There are parts of the State that encourage experiences as the Program of Rural Territories and Citizenship, PRONAF (National Program for Agricultural Family Increasing) (Agroindustry and Costing and Marketing for Agro- Industries) and Agro-Industries Program (PAF/RS). From another angle, there are institutions that produce the same state rules and regulations that are restrictive to the development and formal of agro-industries, including acting via sanctions experiences.

Relacionamentos interorganizacionais são complexos e multifacetados, por sua natureza não apenas econômica, mas social e cultural. Por sua vez, estratégias de Marketing de Relacionamento não apenas possibilitam vantagens competitivas sustentáveis, mas podem interferir nos sistemas de símbolos e significados de organizações diferentes, através da frequência e qualidade das interações e pela existência de confiança, comprometimento, cooperação e aprendizados comuns. Considerando os fundamentos e práticas do Marketing de Relacionamento, o Marketing como área de fronteira dentro das organizações e as características e processos atinentes à Cultura Organizacional, este estudo teve como propósito analisar a contribuição dos relacionamentos interorganizacionais, especificamente entre fornecedores e clientes, nas suas transformações culturais organizacionais. Assim, tendo uma revisão literária na qual se abordaram a Cultura Organizacional, o Marketing de Relacionamento e as fronteiras organizacionais, foi efetuado um estudo qualitativo de casos múltiplos. Participaram da pesquisa funcionários e intermediários de canais de marketing de uma empresa moveleira (intitulada Empresa M) e de uma empresa de prestação de serviços financeiros (intitulada Empresa S). Foram realizadas quarenta e seis entrevistas em profundidade e uma observação, em quatro fases de pesquisa: a primeira e a terceira fases na Empresa M (vinte e seis entrevistas e uma observação), e a segunda e quarta na Empresa S (vinte entrevistas). A análise de dados utilizada foi a baseada na grounded theory. Os resultados indicam a importância da confiança, do comprometimento, da cooperação e dos processos de aprendizagem nas transformações das culturas organizacionais envolvidas; a importância destas dimensões na continuidade dos relacionamentos e na redução dos conflitos de papel dos interfaceadores; o papel da rotatividade e dos símbolos e significados não compartilhados em enfraquecer essas dimensões e respectivas relações. Por fim, evidenciam a existência de uma cultura interorganizacional, um sistema de símbolos e significados partilhados, por grupos ou indivíduos de organizações diferentes, de forma transitória ou específica a determinadas questões (perspectiva cultural da fragmentação). / Interorganizational relationships are complex and multifaceted, by its nature not only economic but social and cultural. In turn, Relationship Marketing strategies not only allow sustainable competitive advantages, but can influence the systems of symbols and meanings of different organizations, through the frequency and quality of interactions and the existence of trust, commitment, cooperation and learning processes. Considering the fundamental practices of Relationship Marketing, the boundary characteristics of Marketing in organizations and the characteristics and processes related to organizational culture, this study aimed to analyze the contribution of interorganizational relationships, specifically suppliers and customers, to the changes in organizational cultures. Therefore, considering a literature review in which was addressed Organizational Culture, Relationship Marketing and organizational boundaries, it was made a qualitative multiple-case study. The participants were employees and marketing channels intermediaries of a furniture company (called Company M) and a financial services company (called Company S). Forty-six in-depth interviews and one observation were made, at four phases of research, the first and third phases in Company M, with twenty-six interviews and the observation, and the second and fourth in the Company S, with twenty interviews. The data analysis used was based on grounded theory. The results indicate the importance of trust, commitment, cooperation and learning processes in the changes of organizational cultures considered, the importance of these dimensions in the relationships continuity and boundary spanners’ role conflicts reduction and the role of turnover unshared symbols and meanings in weakening these dimensions and their relations. Finally, demonstrate the existence of interorganizational culture, a system of symbols and meanings shared by groups or individuals from different organizations, on a temporary way or specific to certain issues (culture perspective of fragmentation).

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar como os agricultores familiares constroem agroindústrias que conseguem produzir novidades, acessando mercados para os seus produtos e desenvolvendo interações com outros atores sociais, instituições e ações governamentais no contexto em que estão imersos. De maneira mais específica, as perguntas que guiaram a investigação foram: (a) Como surgem as agroindústrias em regiões de agricultura familiar já integrada aos mercados de grãos e commodities agrícolas? (b) Como os agricultores produzem novidades a partir das suas agroindústrias e constroem socialmente seus canais de comercialização e mercados? (c) Quais os papéis das ações governamentais e instituições reguladoras dos alimentos junto às agroindústrias familiares? Para atingir este objetivo e responder a estas questões, foram utilizados dois enfoques teóricos: a Perspectiva Orientada aos Atores e a abordagem Multinível e Coevolucionária, associada à noção de produção de novidades. A investigação foi baseada em metodologia quali-quantitativa, com o uso de dados primários e secundários. Os principais instrumentos de coleta de informações qualitativas e dados primários foram 23 entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e diário de campo. Como fonte de informações secundárias e dados quantitativos figuram os do IBGE, FEE e de instituições e entidades sociais que fizeram parte do estudo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Região do Médio Alto Uruguai, porção ao Norte do território do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), onde foram investigadas sete experiências de agroindústrias familiares. Os principais resultados da investigação se dirigem a quatro direções conclusivas. Primeiro, as agroindústrias familiares produzem novidades em ternos de novos produtos/processos de fabricação de alimentos, tecnologias, canais de comercialização e organizações sociais coletivas como a RECOSOL (Rede de Comercialização Solidária das Agroindústrias Familiares). Segundo, os principais canais de comercialização construídos são as vendas diretas agricultor-consumidor, vendas em eventos, pontos formais de comércio, cadeias longas, institucionais e os circuitos coletivos e em redes. Terceiro, a principal novidade descoberta no estudo é organizacional, sendo constituída pela RECOSOL, suas cooperativas e associações membros. Estas novidades produzidas pelas agroindústrias geram tanto transições no regime sociotécnico alimentar, como incrementos, desempenhando papéis duplos. Como quarta evidência da pesquisa, conclui-se que as ações institucionais são dúbias em relação ao apoio prestado às agroindústrias. Há partes do Estado que incentivam as experiências como o Programa Territórios Rurais e da Cidadania, o PRONAF (Agroindústria e Custeio e Comercialização para as Agroindústrias) e o Programa de Agroindústria Familiar (PAF/RS). Por outro ângulo, há instituições do mesmo Estado que elaboram regras e normas restritivas ao desenvolvimento e formalização das agroindústrias, inclusive agindo via aplicação de sanções às experiências. / The overall objective of the study was to investigate how farmers can build agro-industries that produce novelties, accessing markets for their products and developing interactions with other social actors, institutions and government actions in the context in which they are immersed. More specifically, the questions that guided the research were: (a) How come the agro-industries in family farming regions of already integrated markets for grains and agricultural commodities? (b) As farmers produce novelties from their agro-industries and socially construct their marketing channels and markets? (c) What are the roles of government actions and institutions governing food on family agro-industries? To achieve this goal and to answer these questions two theoretical approaches were used, the Perspective Oriented Actors and Multilevel and Co-Evolutionary approach, associated with the notion of novelties production. The research was based on qualitative and quantitative methodology, using primary and secondary data. The main tools for collecting primary data and qualitative information were 23 semistructured interviews, participant observation and field diary. As secondary source of information were included quantitative data from the IBGE, FEE and social organizations and institutions that participated in the study. The research was conducted in the Upper East Region Uruguay portion of the territory north of the Rio Grande do Sul (RS), where seven experiences of family agro-industrieswere investigated . The main research results are addressed in four directions conclusive. First, the family agro-industries produce novelties in suits of new products/processes food manufacturing, technology, marketing channels and social organizations as collective RECOSOL (Net Solidary Trading of Families Agro-Industries). Second, the main sales channels are builtdirectly by sales farmer – consumer, sales events, points of formal trade, long chains, institutional and collective circuits and networks. Third, the main novelty finding in this study is organizational, being constituted by RECOSOL, cooperatives and their members.These novelties produced by agroindustries generate both transitions in sociotechnical regime food increments as having dual roles. As a fourth research evidence, it is concluded that institutional actions are dubious on support provided agro-industries. There are parts of the State that encourage experiences as the Program of Rural Territories and Citizenship, PRONAF (National Program for Agricultural Family Increasing) (Agroindustry and Costing and Marketing for Agro- Industries) and Agro-Industries Program (PAF/RS). From another angle, there are institutions that produce the same state rules and regulations that are restrictive to the development and formal of agro-industries, including acting via sanctions experiences.

A total of 120 structured questionnaires were administered to analyse marketing channels used by smallholder crop farmers, at Abaqulusi Municipality, Vryheid and KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa. Research methodology consisted of research design, sample frame, sampling procedure, data collection and data analysis which were used in the study. Descriptive statistics analysis was used, where frequencies and percentages of the variables were indicated. Variables which were measured included demographic socio-economic profile of survey household heads where age, marital status, educational level, occupation other than farming, land ownership, household size and gender of the household heads.The results show that the statistically significant variables (gender, household size) at 5% level positively affect smallholder crop farmers’ access to market information, expertise on grades and standards, availability of contractual agreements, existence of extensive social capital, availability of good market infrastructure, group participation and reliance on tradition. These findings suggest that an adjustment in each one of the significant variables can significantly influence the probability of participation in either formal or informal marketing, and hence their marketing channels. In the light of the foregoing research findings, several policy options were suggested. These include encouraging collective action, promotion of contract farming, ensuring the availability of market information to all farmers, encouraging value addition and investment in rural infrastructure.

Abstract Background: The luxury fashion brands need to rebrand themselves towards the younger consumers. In 2025 Millennials and Generation Z will represent approximately 55% of the market for luxury products. The exclusive brands need to adapt to this target group. Rebranding requires considerable investments with different rebranding methods and new marketing channels and there is no guarantee of a successful outcome. It is important to understand what the new desired target group appreciates. According to previous research, the right type of marketing is important for the companies rebranding to reach their desired target group. However, there is a gap in the scientific research between which marketing strategies are most efficient for the luxury companies to reach the younger consumers. Purpose: The purpose with this research is to investigate from a marketer’s perspective how younger consumers perceive rebranding and marketing of luxury fashion brands by looking at the communication of the rebranding towards the consumers. Which rebranding methods and marketing channels are efficient towards the younger consumers? Methodology: A qualitative case study has been made with four case companies. To find out what companies have done in their rebranding, data have been collected from the chosen companies’ websites and from other fashion industry related websites. Semi-structured interviews with younger consumers have also been made in order to find out how they experience the luxury brands rebranding and marketing? Findings: The findings suggest that it is efficient for the luxury fashion brands to hire a new creative director and create a new style in the assortment. They should keep their old, famous, iconic logo and monogram. If it somehow must be changed, they need to create a new unique one and avoiding an already existing font. It is also efficient to created new collections with entry-level products for the brand, such as accessories and ready-to-wear collections. When it comes to marketing of the rebranding, social media, celebrity endorsement, collaborations, traditional stores, TV and TV-series, are efficient communication channels to use. The best way is to show the luxury clothes and accessories on influencers via Instagram. Marketing through fashion magazines is still good but the luxury fashion brands do not need to put as much emphasis on that as they did before. Conclusion: If the luxury brands work with these efficient rebranding methods and marketing channels they will most likely succeed in reaching their new younger target groups. The rebranding methods are: A new creative director and a new style, accessories and ready-to-wear collections, new logo and new monogram. The marketing channels are: social media, celebrity endorsement, collaborations, movies and TV-series, editorial placements and traditional stores.