The purpose of this study is to examine whether the returns on the Stockholm Stock Exchange and its different sectors is mean reverting during the period 2003–2019. In addition to the examination of the entire period, the study also examines the periods before, during and after the global financial crisis. Daily, weekly and monthly data is used in combination with three different statistical methods in the form of ADF-tests, KPSS-tests and GPH-tests. The previous research conducted within the area yield different results but the tendency to find support for mean reversion increases during periods of economic uncertainty. The main standpoint used in previous literature and also this study is based on Famas (1970) publication about the efficient market hypothesis (EMH).  The results from the entire period are in line with the EMH where no robust indications for mean reversion is found neither for the specific sectors or the index itself. However, when the different periods are examined, in the period following the global financial crisis the healthcare and real estate sector show signs of mean reversion. In summary, the results show more support for mean reversion when the sectors are examined in relation to the entire Stockholm Stock Exchange. The conclusion based on these results is that an investor, in contrast to the EMH, can use the serial correlation in returns for these sectors as an indicator for when to buy and sell assets during periods as the one following the global financial crisis.

This study examines how investors can take advantage of Black Swan events by applying an investment strategy that involves investing in stocks that have performed badly during Black Swan events. The stocks are chosen from and compared to the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index. The purpose is to find out if the investment strategy has had a higher return than the benchmark index DJIA. The results show that the investment strategy outperforms the DJIA by 111% between the years 2000 to 2020, however, the results show no statistical significance. Beta is used as risk measurement to explain the correlation between the portfolios and the benchmark index by calculating CAPM. Standard deviation is used to calculate the Sharpe ratio and thereby assess a risk-adjusted result.

Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka de medelvärdesåtervändande egenskaperna i aktiekursen för noterade fastighetsbolag med utgångspunkt för bolagets extraordinära substansvärde, samt hur väl information kan användas för investeringsbeslut.Resultatet av den empiriska utfallsstudien som utförts visar på att det finns ett samband mellan aktiekurs och substansvärden, samt att en investeringsstrategi baserat på medelvärdesåtervändande egenskaper i dessa variabler fungerar. Av de tre dynamiska portföljerna som tagits fram och som strävat efter att allokera störst vikt till de bolag som fundamentalt framstått som billigast jämfört med sitt genomsnittliga substansvärde, överträffar samtliga portföljer ett aktieindex av samma bolag. / This study investigates mean reversion in publicly traded property stocks with respect to the company’s extraordinary discounts to the net asset value; furthermore, to what extent this knowledge can be applied to investment strategies.The result of the empirical survey shows that there is a relationship between the stock prices and the net asset value, also, that an investment strategy utilizing mean reversion in these two variables works. Of the three dynamic portfolios, aiming to allocate the largest portfolio weight to the fundamentally cheapest stocks, based on their current discounts and premiums to the net asset value with respect to the company average, all three outperform an index of the same companies.

No description available.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como objetivo testar a possibilidade de obtenção de retornos anormais de capital entre jan/1997 e jul/2007 para o mercado acionário brasileiro no curtíssimo prazo. Investigou-se, para tanto, a hipótese de reversão à média. Estratégias contrárias com carteiras compradas em ações perdedoras e vendidas em ganhadoras foram montadas e testadas nos períodos subseqüentes. Evidências foram encontradas a favor da reversão e, consequentemente, a favor da possibilidade de retornos anormais. Depois de verificada a existência de tais retornos, o trabalho ainda corrigiu o risco sistemático da carteira, por meio do alfa de Jensen. Os retornos anormais, de uma forma geral, continuam a existir após incorporar-se o risco ao modelo. / [en] The goal of this study is to test the existence of abnormal stock returns in the Brazilian stock market in the very short run for the period of jan/1997 to jul/2007. The main hypothesis in focus is the mean reversion of returns. Contrarian strategies were used with portfolios built by winner and looser stocks to test the abnormal returns in subsequent periods. There is evidence in favor of the reversion and, consequently, in favor of the possibility of abnormal returns. After verified the existence of these returns, this study examines if they still remain after systematic risk correction (Alfa of Jensen). The abnormal returns still remain after taking into account the systematic risk.

[pt] Esta dissertação procura estudar os critérios de análise de investimentos baseados na metodologia do Valor Presente Líquido e de Opções Reais seguindo o processo estocástico de Reversão à Média fazendo uso de um caso prático na indústria de petróleo. O estudo de caso é a análise de viabilidade do desenvolvimento de um campo de petróleo onde as etapas de pesquisa e estudos já foram realizadas e que possue 3 alternativas de desenvolvimento à escolher. A partir deste estudo de caso será possível comparar através de uma ferramenta gerencial chamada de back-testing as análises de viabilidade realizadas. A dissertação tem como objetivo confirmar, com os resultados obtidos no back- testing, a geração de valor na utilização da teoria de opções reais que através da sua metodologia busca maximizar o valor do projeto pela inclusão de flexibilidades gerenciais neste caso uma opção de esperar até 2 anos. / [en] This dissertation compares the criteria of investments analysis based on the methodology of the Discounted Cash Flow and of Real Options Models following a Mean Reversion stochastic process making use of a real case in the oil industry. This case study is about the viability of the development of an oil field where all the stages of research have already been carried out, with 3 alternatives of development to choose. From the results of this case study it will be possible to compare with the aid of a managerial tool called back- testing the Discounted Cash Flow with the Real Option Method. The dissertation has the goal to confirm, with the backtesting results, the generation of value created by the use of real options theory which maximizes the value of the project with the addition of managerial flexibilities represented by an option to wait up to 2 years.

該篇文章中提出一個新的交易方式：條件機率交易模型conditional probability trading model。 這個模型應用了三個主要的基本假設： （1）總體經濟因子和股價指數間有相關性。因此可以透過總經指標來衡量股市應有的合理價位。 （2）股價具有回歸均數的特質。亦即股價一旦過度偏離基本價值，理論上會傾向回復到基本價值之上。 （3）股價指數相對於基本價值線的距離，將會影響偏態係數的大小。 根據以上三個性質，試圖建構出一個能夠捕捉股價指數變動的模型，並用以進行交易模擬，觀察其是否能獲取正報酬。 / The trading strategy, conditional probability trading model(CPTM), is presented in this article. We’ve tried to develop a new trading strategy which is built up by the combination of the properties which includes 1)the relationship between macroeconomic factors and stock market. 2) mean reversion and 3) conditional skewness. The conclusion implies that we may successfully find out a method to combine fundamental and technical analysis, if this method is proved effective. The former hypothesis is assumed that the different level of stock market index may stand for a specific condition of macroeconomic environment. Meanwhile, a better fundamental economic condition could reasonably create a higher stock market index, vice versa. By observing the fundamental value, we can figure out the market ,currently, is over-priced or under-priced. Next, we construct a trading model which is graphed like Bollinger bands. According to specific rules, it provides buying or selling signals. In some special situations, it can also forecast the turning points of the stock market precisely. 3) Skewness also plays a very important role in CPTM, because one of the hypothesis assumes that overpriced /underpriced stock market probably accompanies with left-skewed / right-skewed distribution of daily stock return. The hypothesis of dynamically adjusted skewness implies the concept that over-priced/under-priced stock market has higher propensity to decline/rise. To judge the trading timing is the core value in this model.

NJ, Rutgers State Univ. of New Jersey, Diss.--Newark, 2005. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth. 2 Beitr.

Submitted by Cristina Tessari (tinatessari@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T13:51:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertationEPGE_CristinaTessari2016.pdf: 1264081 bytes, checksum: 14e65157457bfe8deea5353bb192a0af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-06-29T14:03:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertationEPGE_CristinaTessari2016.pdf: 1264081 bytes, checksum: 14e65157457bfe8deea5353bb192a0af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-06-29T14:06:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertationEPGE_CristinaTessari2016.pdf: 1264081 bytes, checksum: 14e65157457bfe8deea5353bb192a0af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T14:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertationEPGE_CristinaTessari2016.pdf: 1264081 bytes, checksum: 14e65157457bfe8deea5353bb192a0af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22 / We use Brazilian data to compute monthly idiosyncratic moments (expected skewness, realized skewness, and realized volatility) for equity returns and assess whether they are informative for the cross-section of future stock returns. Since there is evidence that lagged skewness alone does not adequately forecast skewness, we estimate a cross-sectional model of expected skewness that uses additional predictive variables. Then, we sort stocks each month according to their idiosyncratic moments, forming quintile portfolios. We find a negative relationship between higher idiosyncratic moments and next-month stock returns. The trading strategy that sells stocks in the top quintile of expected skewness and buys stocks in the bottom quintile generates a significant monthly return of about 120 basis points. Our results are robust across sample periods, portfolio weightings, and to Fama and French (1993)’s risk adjustment factors. Finally, we identify a return reversal of stocks with high idiosyncratic skewness. Specifically, stocks with high idiosyncratic skewness have high contemporaneous returns. That tends to reverse, resulting in negative abnormal returns in the following month. / In the first chapter, we test some stochastic volatility models using options on the S&P 500 index. First, we demonstrate the presence of a short time-scale, on the order of days, and a long time-scale, on the order of months, in the S&P 500 volatility process using the empirical structure function, or variogram. This result is consistent with findings of previous studies. The main contribution of our paper is to estimate the two time-scales in the volatility process simultaneously by using nonlinear weighted least-squares technique. To test the statistical significance of the rates of mean-reversion, we bootstrap pairs of residuals using the circular block bootstrap of Politis and Romano (1992). We choose the block-length according to the automatic procedure of Politis and White (2004). After that, we calculate a first-order correction to the Black-Scholes prices using three different first-order corrections: (i) a fast time scale correction; (ii) a slow time scale correction; and (iii) a multiscale (fast and slow) correction. To test the ability of our model to price options, we simulate options prices using five different specifications for the rates or mean-reversion. We did not find any evidence that these asymptotic models perform better, in terms of RMSE, than the Black-Scholes model. In the second chapter, we use Brazilian data to compute monthly idiosyncratic moments (expected skewness, realized skewness, and realized volatility) for equity returns and assess whether they are informative for the cross-section of future stock returns. Since there is evidence that lagged skewness alone does not adequately forecast skewness, we estimate a cross-sectional model of expected skewness that uses additional predictive variables. Then, we sort stocks each month according to their idiosyncratic moments, forming quintile portfolios. We find a negative relationship between higher idiosyncratic moments and next-month stock returns. The trading strategy that sells stocks in the top quintile of expected skewness and buys stocks in the bottom quintile generates a significant monthly return of about 120 basis points. Our results are robust across sample periods, portfolio weightings, and to Fama and French (1993)’s risk adjustment factors. Finally, we identify a return reversal of stocks with high idiosyncratic skewness. Specifically, stocks with high idiosyncratic skewness have high contemporaneous returns. That tends to reverse, resulting in negative abnormal returns in the following month.

Submitted by Jerckns Cruz (jerckns@hotmail.com) on 2009-12-11T03:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Jerckns Cruz.pdf: 208471 bytes, checksum: 6be3209c95745116ae6d8db9f6c2ea1b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Gammaro(gisele.gammaro@fgv.br) on 2009-12-14T15:03:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Jerckns Cruz.pdf: 208471 bytes, checksum: 6be3209c95745116ae6d8db9f6c2ea1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-12-14T15:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Jerckns Cruz.pdf: 208471 bytes, checksum: 6be3209c95745116ae6d8db9f6c2ea1b (MD5) / The theory of Behavioral Finance emerges as a new approach to the financial market, arguing that some events are better explained if the restrictions of investor’s rationality are relaxed. Concepts of psychology and limits to arbitrage are used to model market inefficiencies, bringing up the idea that market can be systematically beaten. This paper proposes a new model, of simple implementation, to explore the abnormal returns from the momentum and mean reversion strategies simultaneously. The idea of a long term momentum effect stronger than the short term effect is introduced, but the empirical results show that the Brazilian market dynamics reject this concept. The model fails to achieve riskless positive returns. / A teoria de Finanças Comportamentais surge como uma nova abordagem ao mercado financeiro, argumentando que alguns eventos podem ser mais bem explicados se as restrições da racionalidade do investidor são relaxadas. Conceitos de psicologia e limites à arbitragem são usados para modelar as ineficiências, criando a idéia de ser possível ganhar sistematicamente do mercado. Este trabalho propõe um novo modelo, simplista na sua implementação, para aproveitar os retornos anormais advindos de estratégias de momentum e reversão à média simultaneamente. A idéia de um efeito momentum de longo prazo mais forte que o de curto prazo é introduzida, mas os resultados empíricos mostram que a dinâmica do mercado brasileiro rejeita este conceito. O modelo falha em conseguir retornos positivos e livres de risco.