nÃo hà / Essa dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo compreender as dimensÃes do trabalho do tutor em processos educativos a distÃncia e a interface do seu trabalho no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Especificamente na educaÃÃo online, os instrumentos de comunicaÃÃo se transformam em instrumentos simbÃlicos de mediaÃÃo, pois à atravÃs deles que o sujeito constrÃi seu raciocÃnio, dinamiza mÃltiplas habilidades e potencializa suas linguagens. Embora os recursos midiÃticos ofereÃam dispositivos que permitem a interatividade, a autonomia cognitiva necessÃria para atuar nesse cenÃrio requer a experiÃncia interativa, no grupo, do componente humano e seu processo de mediaÃÃo. Essa qualidade de interaÃÃo em processos midiatizados pelas tecnologias pode ser dinamizada por um agente mediador inserido com o propÃsito especÃfico de aproximar o ensino da aprendizagem, promovendo o sentimento de pertenÃa, o protagonismo e o trabalho colaborativo. Portanto, à resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com profissionais docentes que atuam em tutorias online para delinear a presenÃa mediadora do tutor em cursos à distÃncia em ambientes virtuais e a forma como promovem uma aprendizagem significativa.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / nÃo hà / A pesquisa apresentada neste trabalho de tese sedimentou-se em trÃs grandes campos de estudo: os processos mediacionais e cognitivos envolvidos nas situaÃÃes de ensino e aprendizagem, os jogos enquanto atividade lÃdica e a surdez. Partindo desse entrelaÃamento foi que se procurou investigar como se daria o funcionamento cognitivo de surdos quando esses construÃam conhecimento mediado por jogos de aprendizagem. Objetivou-se, assim, compreender o funcionamento cognitivo de sujeitos surdos quando em situaÃÃo de ensino e aprendizagem eram auxiliados por jogos. Para tanto, analisaram-se as produÃÃes linguÃsticas de surdos em interaÃÃo, decorrentes de processos de ensino e aprendizagem facilitados por jogos; descreveu-se a gÃnese dos processos de construÃÃo de conhecimento levando em consideraÃÃo sua constante pragmÃtica (senso-motora) e formal (conceitual) e; formulou-se uma sÃntese explicativa da formaÃÃo de sentidos surgidos mediante processos de ensino e aprendizagem facilitados por jogos. A pesquisa foi realizada com alunos surdos do Instituto Cearense de EducaÃÃo de Surdos e do Centro de CapacitaÃÃo de Profissionais da EducaÃÃo e Atendimento Ãs Pessoas com Surdez, ambos sediados na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Durante parte dos anos de 2009 e 2010, foram filmadas atividades de aprendizagem mediada por jogos a fim de constituir o corpus para posterior anÃlise. A analÃtica seguiu o modelo microgenÃtico proposto por Heinz Werner e Lev Vygotski. Escolheram-se cinco episÃdios que seriam mais elucidativos e consoantes com a pergunta de partida para efetivaÃÃo do estudo. Verificou-se que o pensamento imaginativo, o intercÃmbio de informaÃÃes, compartilhamento de sentidos foram decisivamente influenciados pela experiÃncia corporal dos sujeitos. No que diz respeito ao campo do pensamento lÃgico e matemÃtico, observou-se que a experiÃncia mental foi um importante recurso utilizados pelos alunos surdos nas estratÃgias de soluÃÃo de problemas. Os achados indicaram que o curso do funcionamento cognitivo dos sujeitos foi decisivamente comprometido pelo conjunto de experiÃncias corporais oriundo de suas interaÃÃes cotidianas licenciadas pelo uso das lÃnguas de sinais. / The research presented in this thesis was based on three major fields of study: the mediational and cognitive processes involved in teaching and learning situations, the games as play activity, and deafness. From this entanglement there was the attempt to investigate how the cognitive functioning of deaf people would happen while they were building knowledge mediated by learning games. The aim is to understand the cognitive functioning of deaf subjects when in teaching and learning situations that were aided by games, to this end, we analyzed the language productions of deaf people in interaction resulting from processes of teaching and learning facilitated by games; the genesis of the processes of knowledge construction was described taking into account its constant pragmatic (sensorimotor) and formal (conceptual), and an explanatory summary was formulated about the formation of meanings emerged through processes of teaching and learning facilitated by games. The survey was conducted with deaf students from Instituto Cearense de EducaÃÃo de Surdos and from Centro de CapacitaÃÃo de Profissionais da EducaÃÃo e Atendimento Ãs Pessoas com Surdez, both in the city of Fortaleza-CE. During part of 2009 and 2010 learning activities mediated by games were filmed to constitute the corpus for further analysis. The analytics followed the microgenetic model proposed by Heinz Werner and Lev Vygotski. Five episodes were chosen based on which ones would be most enlightening and according to the starting question for the execution of the study. It was found that imaginative thinking, information exchange, sharing of feelings were decisively influenced by the body experience of the subjects. Regarding the field of mathematical and logical thinking, it was observed that thought experiment was an important resource used by deaf students in problem-solving strategies. The findings indicated that the course of cognitive functioning of subjects was decisively undermined by the set of body experiences arising from their daily interactions licensed by the use of sign languages.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisete Regina Morelli Pedrosa.pdf: 456953 bytes, checksum: d6aece2123bbba1288aef10dba7ead98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-06 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The aim of this research was to investigate daily activities of children who study in mainstream classes of government schools, in an inclusive proposal, still in formation. Method chosen was ethnographic, because of its facility to allow the researcher to interpreting subjects‟ actions within their own social context and promoting interactions among the sample involved. Classroom and interval observation of a 40-pupil class in a government primary school focusing a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder shows significant data that contribute to this research. If, on one hand, the autistic child express pleasure behaviors among his peers, the teacher is involved and aims to develop autonomy in her pupils, on the other hand, some aspects are noteworthy, such as the lack of information for the staff about different kinds of disability, which hinders the learning task and sharing experiences, the absence of a supporting teacher who could develop a practice of mediated learning, as well as the difficulties of working the child‟s peculiarities. Stemming from those date, it‟s possible to notice the need for new proposals, including pedagogical materials to be elaborated and applied to those classrooms where children will be able not only to socially Interact, as well as reach their specific development, respecting differences and working with their abilities. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o cotidiano das crianças, que estão inseridas em classes regulares da escola pública, vivenciando uma proposta educacional inclusiva‟, ainda em formação. O método escolhido foi o etnográfico, pois possibilita ao pesquisador interpretar as ações dos sujeitos dentro de seu próprio contexto social, promovendo uma interação entre os envolvidos. A observação em sala de aula e situação de recreio, de uma escola municipal de educação infantil, com 40 crianças, focando um menino de cinco anos de idade, com diagnóstico de Síndrome do Espectro Autista, levanta dados significativos para contribuir com a proposta desta pesquisa. Se, por um lado, a criança autista expressa comportamentos de prazer em meio a seus companheiros, a professora da turma é compromissada, procurando desenvolver autonomia em seus alunos, por outro lado, alguns fatores são marcantes, como a falta de informações para a equipe técnica sobre as inúmeras formas de deficiência, o que impossibilita o trabalho de aprendizagem e troca de experiências, a ausência de um professor mediador que poderia desenvolver uma experiência de Aprendizagem Mediada, além das dificuldades de trabalhar as particularidades da criança. Partindo destes dados, é possível perceber a necessidade de novas propostas, incluindo os materiais pedagógicos, que precisam ser elaborados e aplicados nestas salas onde crianças poderão não apenas interagir socialmente, mas, também, alcançar seu desenvolvimento específico, respeitando as diferenças e trabalhando suas habilidades.

O presente trabalho visa discutir a questão de escala na prática de ensino de geografia; propondo o ensino de geografia pelo mapa. Num plano secundário, são analisadas falas provenientes de professores de geografia para então sugerir-lhes que o próprio mapa seja um instrumento de mediação que contribua para a modificação de suas práticas. Entre as leituras realizadas, temos na primeira parte a análise de referências sobre a questão de escala, direcionada para conceber o estudo metodológico e cognitivo do mapa, em articulação com a cartografia no ensino de geografia, a exemplo de Oliveira (1978), Simielli (1989) e Martinelli (1991), além de outros estudos contemporâneos. Estes estudos são articulados com determinadas fronteiras teóricas, a exemplo da filosofia da linguagem (Bakhtin), das contribuições sobre a psicologia da aprendizagem (Piaget/Vygotsky/Feuerstein) e, finalmente, da religação de saberes (Morin) na escola, com a intenção de formular uma teoria sobre como propor um novo modelo de formação de professores de geografia no país. Para a elaboração deste trabalho, as técnicas e o método utilizados foram a realização de diversas oficinas de aprendizagem mediada para o desenvolvimento de funções cognitivas por meio da resolução de exercícios de escala, tendo como embasamento a Experiência de Aprendizagem Mediada de Reuven Feuerstein. O estudo desta teoria para a renovação do ensino de geografia se justifica em função da importância do papel do professor no ensino da disciplina na escola, já que a questão da escala é idealizada de forma superficial e fragmentada como um problema; construindo-se um temor por professores e alunos. Em outros termos, utiliza-se uma abordagem da questão de escala, buscando aproximações, interfaces, continuidades e descontinuidades evidenciadas em diversos estudos preocupados com o ensino de cartografia na escola; valorizando os processos cognitivos do aluno, para então resgatar as bases históricas do estudo cognitivo do mapa e repensar, assim, uma didática da aprendizagem mediada. Este estudo consiste numa contribuição para pensarmos que não basta o ensino dos mapas na escola como uma linguagem, quando a carência realmente se manifesta sobre a necessidade da mediação da palavra falada, já que o pensamento se revela como precursor da aquisição da linguagem, e não o contrário. Mais ainda, o estudo serve como um balizador de uma alternativa para o ensino e a aprendizagem na escola, em que a criança e o adolescente sejam capazes de utilizar os mapas como instrumentos para realizar processos cognitivos e resolver diversas situações-problema envolvidas em suas rotinas escolares. O aluno é finalmente compreendido como sujeito e autor de conhecimento científico, numa relação de dialogia com o professor. / The present work aims at discussing the use of scales in the teaching practice of Geography. It secondarily aims at analyzing Geography teachers\' speeches in order to suggest that maps can be used as an instrument for mediation which contributes for a modification in their practices. Among the readings carried out, we have, in the first part, the analysis of references concerning the question of scales, such as Oliveira (1978), Simielli (1989) and Martinelli (1991) as well as other contemporary studies, which are directed to conceive a methodological and cognitive study of maps in articulation with cartography in Geography teaching. In order to formulate a new theory for the formation of Geography teachers in Brazil, these studies are articulated within certain theoretical boundaries such as the Philosophy of Language (Bakhtin), the contributions of Learning Psychology (Piaget/Vygotsky/Feuerstein), and, eventually, the relink of knowledge (Morin) in the school. The methodology and techniques used in the development of this work focus on the implementation of several mediated learning workshops for the development of cognitive functions through the resolution of scale exercises, having Reuven Feuerstein\'s Mediated Learning Experience as basis. The use of this theory to promote a renewal in Geography teaching is justified by the importance given to the teacher\'s role in the teaching of this subject at schools, since the question of scales is both dealt with in a superficial and fragmented way and considered a problem, representing a fear for both teachers and students. In other words, we approach the question of scales searching for approximations, interfaces, continuities and discontinuities evidenced by a lot of studies concerned about the teaching of cartography at schools. We also highlight students\' cognitive processes and then rescue the historical bases of map cognitive studies so as to rethink, in this way, a mediated learning didactics. This study consists of a contribution for us to reflect that the teaching of maps at schools as a language is not enough when our real necessity concerns the mediation of the spoken words, since thoughts appear to be, here, the forerunners of language acquisition, not the opposite. Still, this thesis also offers an alternative for the teaching and learning processes at schools, in which children and teenagers are able to use maps as instruments to carry out cognitive processes and solve problem-situations involved in their school routines. The students are finally understood as subjects and authors of scientific knowledge, in a dialogic relationship with teachers.

Art history serves as a record of civilization's cultural heritage. Yet there is a paucity of art history or appreciation materials for the elementary level child that are historically ordered. The problem with which this study is concerned is the development of a prototype of a slide-tape series on art history for instruction of upper elementary students. The purpose of this investigation is to produce a slide-tape set that is designed to use advance organizers, direct attention, proceed with moderate speed, elicit responses, and give feedback. The series also guides the student in analyzing art with a historical approach. More over, the media stress key ideas on the culture and examine the relationship between the culture and the art produced.

According to South African Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements, learners’ first language should be the language of learning and teaching in Grade R. However, there is a mismatch between policy and practice since English is the language of Grade R learning and teaching in rural schools in Mpumalanga. The ECD manager should provide evidence-based guidance on the best facilitation approach to follow in a particular context. The study is underpinned by: ‐ Cummins’ distinction between Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency and Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (Cummins, 2000) ‐ Cummins’ interdependence hypothesis (Cummins, 2000) ‐ Distinction between Implicit versus Explicit learning (Dekeyser, 2003) ‐ The Mediated Learning Experience Theory within the poverty context of South Africa where the role of the teacher is seen as the mediator (Feuerstein, 1980) The literature overview focuses on the development of the Grade R curriculum, and two prominent facilitation approaches used in Grade R, the play-based and formal instruction. Research on the effectiveness of each method and language debates both internationally (Wong-Fillmore (1991), Bialystok (2006), Cummins (2000) and nationally (MacDonald (1990), Heugh (2000), Alexander (2005), Balfour (2007) and Jordaan (2011) are provided. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of facilitation on Grade R performance scores in E-L2 learning in rural schools in Mpumalanga. Teachers’ first language, teachers’ qualifications, learners’ first language, learners’ gender, teachers’ age and teachers’ experience on Grade R learners’ performance scores were also tested for interaction effects. Research was conducted in ten randomly selected schools, equally divided between the play-based and formal instruction approaches, and five different languages used in the province. There were 175 Grade R learners and ten teachers in the study sample. The English Language Proficiency standards assessment tool (ELP) was used to collect data and is reported to have no cultural bias. A quantitative methodology was followed, using a two-group comparison design. Participants were matched according to learners’ age, similar exposure period to E-L2 learning, similar rural upbringing, culture, poverty level and mainstream learners. A one-way and two-way ANOVA was used to analyse the data. It was found that the formal approach contributes to better E-L2 learner scores when compared to the play-based approach. The differences in participants’ performance scores were mostly observed in the listening scores and not so much in the speaking scores. IsiNdebele speaking teachers and younger qualified teachers, who were better trained, achieved better learner E-L2 scores than other teachers. Although learners in formal instruction classrooms achieved better results, they still did not achieve competency in basic interpersonal communicative skills in English after three months in Grade R. There was no interaction effect between the gender of the learners and the facilitation approach that was used. A hybrid model, i.e. combination of the play-based and the formal instructional approach is proposed to be implemented in rural Grade R classrooms in Mpumalanga. Further recommendations are to train teachers in educational linguistics, teach listening skills to learners and inform parents about the benefits of first language proficiency before a second language is acquired. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / Unrestricted

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of GeoGebra training on teachers and learners in rural geometry classrooms. The conceptual framework that was used in this study was based on the four-level training evaluation framework of Kirkpatrick (1996), focusing on the first three levels only while the fourth level was not considered. The study was conducted in disadvantaged and under-resourced schools situated in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. This undertaking was considered as a way of promoting what was perceived as a simple but effective method of teaching and learning with technology. The technology-enhanced teaching strategy was employed with the anticipation of enhancing the development of geometrical concepts that are seen as too abstract by the majority of learners in resource-constrained areas. Hence, the focus of this study was on the teaching and learning of the properties of triangles and the properties of quadrilaterals in Grade 10 using GeoGebra and traditional methods. Within the non-equivalent, quasi-experimental design, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Four purposively sampled Grade 10 teachers from four schools and their classes comprising of 165 learners participated. The data collection involved pre- and post-tests, questionnaires, lesson observations, and interviews. Learners’ achievement was measured by outcomes obtained from marked and recorded achievements tests. The qualitative data collected from the teachers through questionnaires, lesson observations and interviews were coded and categorised into themes. This analysis revealed that most participants had positive training experiences and preferred using GeoGebra in the teaching and learning of geometry despite a lack of resources in their schools. The findings also showed that there was lack of training workshops that focused on appropriate teachers` knowledge and skills that are connected to technological innovations, particularly in GeoGebra. The quantitative data analysis results showed a significant difference in the mean scores for both groups respectively in favour of learners taught with GeoGebra compared to a chalk and talk method. The teachers’ implementation of and enthusiasm about GeoGebra had a positive influence on learner achievement. Based on the results, it was concluded that as a pedagogical tool, GeoGebra can work effectively in rural schools where geometry is hardly taught. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / PhD / Unrestricted

Syftet med min studie är att undersöka ett antal kommunala förskolors språkliga pedagogiska miljöer för att få kunskap om vilka metoder några pedagoger i förskolan arbetar med för att stimulera barns språk- och begreppsutveckling. Jag väljer att lägga fokus på en central frågeställning: Vad menar pedagoger med språkliga pedagogiska miljöer? I ett försök att få svar på mina frågor väljer jag att observera och samtala med yrkesverksamma pedagoger. Resultat visar att pedagogerna betonar att det sociala samspelet har betydelse för barns språk- och begreppsutveckling.

In response to the global Covid-19 pandemic, universities across the world moved coursework online andfrequently used Zoom videotelephony software to replicate the experience of learning in a classroom. While this platform supported certain aspects of the traditional classroom, such as immediacy of responses and the facilitation of social interactions, learning via Zoom also differed in various ways from the familiar classroom experience. Although there has been considerable research on online learning, most studies focused on an asynchronous design and interaction. Thus, the understanding of learning within synchronous, video-mediatedplatforms, such as Zoom, is nascent. In this study, the data was derivedfrom a focus group with eight university students from the United States that was conducted over Zoom. Using content analysis, the transcripts of the focus group's interaction yielded four themes: Zoom Challenges, Zoom Benefits, Faculty Proficiency, and Student Learning Experiences. Cameras, a distinguishing feature of Zoom, could strengthen engagement, yet they also heighten anxiety for some andfatigue for most users. However, when those challenges were mitigated and the benefits harnessed by faculty informed about how to support student learning, students experienced a deepened sense of connection to their peers, the faculty, and their learning. Family science educators who recognize the strengths and limitations of this platform have the opportunity to teach more effectively and support their students' socio-emotional learning and well-being.

In online learning, little is known about the impact of mixed reality and its underlying socio-technological factors on social space perceived by learners. The term social space refers to a group's socio-emotional dynamics that structure the social relationships among its members. Drawing upon extant literature on mixed reality, interaction and social presence, this research proposes and validates a theoretical model that elucidates the influence of immersion on users’ social space experiences within digital environments across different mixed realities (i.e., augmented and virtual realities, and video conferencing). Interaction and social presence are identified as two key factors mediating this relationship. To test the proposed model, a survey involving 488 participants in higher education was conducted, and the effects were examined under three conditions: video conferencing, augmented-reality, and virtual-reality. The findings show that 1) an immersion perspective plays a significant role in educational technology, particularly for its role in facilitating social space among learners in higher education; 2) the impact of immersion on social space is entirely mediated by learners’ assessment of interactions and their perception of social presence in digitally facilitated learning environments; and 3) the influences of immersion on learners to experience a prosocial space vary across virtual reality, augmented reality, and video conferencing. VR environments offer the most pronounced sensation of social presence, while AR environments prove to be optimal for interacting in digitally facilitated learning environments. Out of these three conditions, VC environments were perceived the lowest for interaction, sensation of social presence, and the establishment of a communal atmosphere of collaboration in digitally mediated learning environments. These findings make valuable contributions to theory by providing insights into the influence of immersion and variability in mixed reality on learners’ perception of social space experiences. In this respect, this research expands the body of knowledge and research in both the information systems and education fields. Furthermore, this research offers valuable insights for educators to make informed decisions regarding the selection and adoption of augmented and virtual reality technologies, as well as devising digital strategies in higher education. It contributes to our understanding of effective implementation of mixed reality in this context. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)