With increased data sharing and research collaboration options available through modern technology, there is an increased need to find more advanced techniques to analyze data across multiple studies. A systematic method of pooling participant-level versus study-level data would be particularly valuable as it would allow for more complex statistical analyses, broader assessment of constructs, and a cost effective way to examine new questions and replicate previous findings. One notable difficulty in pooling raw data in the behavioral sciences is the heterogeneity in methodologies and consequent need to establish measurement invariance. The present study explores the feasibility of using Integrative Data Analysis (IDA) to combine 10 heterogeneous eating disorder prevention data sets and establish measurement invariance across the constructs of thin ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction. Using standard multiple groups factor analysis and likelihood-ratio tests to examine differential item functioning, separate one-factor models were established for the three measures used across studies. Partial measurement invariance was established for all measures. Implications for future IDA studies based on this process are discussed, particularly regarding the clinical impact of measurement invariance.

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Habitat loss and fragmentation and human-wildlife conflicts, often resulting in retaliatory killing in response to livestock predation, are one of the main threats to wild felids worldwide, including pumas (Puma concolor). However, mesocarnivores are more abundant than large carnivores, live closer to human settlements, and drive community structure and processes in similar or different ways from large predators. Understanding both large and small carnivores' habitat use is key to their conservation and management. Thus, there is need to explore the ecological roles of predators (including invasive ones like free-ranging dogs [Canis lupus familiaris] and cats [Felis catus]) to examine how ecological context modulates the ecological roles of carnivores . This is especially important in my study area, which was severely burned by a catastrophic mega-wildfire in 2017. I used dynamic occupancy modeling of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) across 52 provinces for 8 years in Chile and found that free-ranging dogs outpace pumas in livestock depredation, killing substantially more livestock than pumas. Occupancy models show that HWC occurrence for both dogs and pumas increased with sheep density. Unexpectedly, dog HWC decreased with anthropogenic habitat degradation indicating that dogs may travel far to prey on livestock. The emergence of puma HWC in a site where it did not occur in the previous year was positively associated with anthropic disturbance. Countrywide, dogs HWC occurrence probability was higher than pumas in 43 out of the 49 provinces where both species occurred. I discuss livestock vulnerability, management strategies, and policy to mitigate HWC, and also highlight threats that free-ranging dogs pose to biodiversity conservation and even human public health. I also used single-species, single-season occupancy models fit to camera-trap data to investigate the patterns of site occupancy and response to mega-wildfires of native mesocarnivores in southern-central Chile: guignas (Leopardus guigna), culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) and chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus). I found that vulnerable guignas avoided burned sites, preferring sites with native, dense vegetation while culpeo foxes were intermediate in being able to use plantations, but avoiding burned sites. Chilla foxes were most tolerant to landscape change with no response to burns and were found closer to human habitation and rivers. Finally, I used two-species, single season occupancy models, and Kernel Density Estimation on circular data, to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics, and overlap of native and exotic carnivores. I found that feral cats are a potential threat to pumas, guignas, and native foxes given they overlap extensively in time of activity with these species. Also, feral dogs had the widest distribution of all species indicating that their effects could be ubiquitous on the landscape. Thus, exotic species are damaging to wildlife, to livestock industry, and even to public health. I urge dialog between government authorities, wildlife managers, and scientists to generate a legal and public policy framework to properly managing habitat and HWC in southern-central Chile. / Doctor of Philosophy / Landscape transformation and human-wildlife conflict (HWC), which often result in retaliatory killing of wildlife in response to livestock predation, is one of the main global threats to wild cats, including pumas (Puma concolor). Medium-sized carnivores (mesocarnivores or mesopredators) are more abundant than large carnivores, live closer to human settlements and, like large predators, impact ecosystem structure and function significantly. Understanding habitat use of these carnivores is key to their conservation and management and to biodiversity preservation. Thus, there is need to investigate the ecological roles of carnivores (including invasive ones like free-ranging dogs and cats) to determine how interactions with other carnivore species and with the physical environment influence ecological roles of such species. This is especially important in my study area, which was severely burned by a catastrophic mega-wildfire in 2017, and for which there is scant information on wildlife responses to the mega-fire. I determined the distribution and causes of HWC across 52 provinces for 8 years in Chile and found that free-ranging dogs accounted for higher livestock depredation than pumas, killing substantially more livestock. Occurrence of HWC for both dogs and pumas increased with the sheep density of the province. Unexpectedly, dog HWC increased in less degraded habitats, indicating that dogs may travel far to prey on livestock in remote areas. The emergence of puma HWC in a site where it did not occur in the previous year increased with human-caused disturbance. Countrywide, dog HWC was higher than pumas in 43 out of the 49 provinces where both pumas and dogs occurred. I discuss livestock vulnerability, management strategies, and policy changes to address HWC, and discuss the threats that free-ranging dogs pose to biodiversity conservation and even to human public health. I also used remotely-triggered, camera-trap records to explore distribution of three mesocarnivores (guignas, culpeo foxes and chilla foxes across the landscape and in response to mega-wildfires in southern-central Chile. I found that guignas, a small and vulnerable wild cat, avoided burned sites, preferring sites with native, dense vegetation while culpeo foxes were intermediate in being able to use plantations, but avoiding burned areas. Chilla foxes were most tolerant to landscape change with no response to burns, and they were found closer to human settlements and rivers. Finally, I examined overlap in space and time of day between native species pairs and native and exotic species pairs. I found that dogs were the most widely distributed species across the landscape, but were mostly diurnal while native species were primarily nocturnal. Cats however had high temporal overlap with guinas and chilla foxes, highlighting the potential for competition between them.. Thus, exotic species are damaging to wildlife, livestock and even human health. I discuss the management implications and urge dialog between government authorities, wildlife managers, and scientists to generate a legal and public policy framework to properly managing habitat and HWC in southern-central Chile.

A work develops through methodical inquiry based on the reciprocity inherent in the construction of an object and its evaluation. A physical object informs an initial concept and acts as the fundamental catalyst for subsequent findings. Ordered elements result in the description of a vertical structure. Exploring this structure through a rational and modern approach, the author designs an urban center in the form of a tower. The tower, as a cellular mega-structure, maintains the density and complexity of a city's existing urban fabric. An urbane mega-structure offers a new contribution to humanity through architecture. This proposal establishes a relationship between public spaces, which elevate civic and social life, and private spaces that support individuality. The evaluation of precedent works and the investigation of modern technology support an appropriate solution toward the technical realization of these spaces. The thesis seeks an architecture that augments the tangible, replaces the hopeless and invents the absent. / Master of Architecture

The premise of this paper is that the future of work will define the future of Labour Law, since work is indeed the main object of regulation of such legal discipline. From this perspective, we analyze the mega trends identified by the International Labour Organization that will continue to impact the world of work: globalization, the increase in the dependency rate, technological innovation and, above all, climate change. Likewise, the article addresses the main labor problems still facing Latin American countries, as well as the challenges that are presented in the near future to Peru in order to close the gap between the amount of employment generated in the country and the quality of said employment. / La premisa del presente artículo es que el futuro del trabajo definirá el futuro del Derecho del Trabajo, en tanto este tiene por objeto esencial la regulación de aquél. Desde esa perspectiva, se analizan las mega tendencias identificadas por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo que seguirán impactando el mundo del trabajo: la globalización, el incremento de la tasa de dependencia, la innovación tecnológica y, sobre todo, el cambio climático. Asimismo, el artículo aborda los principales problemas laborales que aún afrontan los países latinoamericanos, así como los retos que se le presentan en el futuro próximo al Perú a fin de cerrar la brecha entre la cantidad de empleo que se genera en el país y la calidad de dicho empleo.

Peer reviewed literature currently provides little knowledge of how to recruit and train Doping Control Officers (DCOs) for Mega Sport Events. This study adds to the existing body of literature on creating knowledge transfer and legacy for future Mega Event Organizing Committees. A phenomenological designed study was conducted through the use of a qualitative on-line survey during the 2015 Toronto Pan American Games. A survey response rate of 58% was achieved. Survey responses by DCOs were analyzed using inductive coding to identify four main themes; i) DCO motivations, ii) training program design, iii) engagement and support, and iv) barriers to participation in the results. Recommendations include using mixed methods for future studies, provide DCOs with training and evaluation opportunities prior to the Mega Sport Event, and developing mentorship opportunities during games operations. Additional research is needed to create greater understanding of DCO motivations and perceptions beyond this study.

Most of the tall buildings that are built today have a straight and vertical shape, because vertical buildings are more stable and easily built than slanted ones. In the case of vertical building, bending moments in the base only exists from horizontal loads such as wind and seismic loads, but in slanted buildings there will also be bending moments from dead and live loads. In addition, transportation inside the building is also a challenge when it comes to slanted buildings. However, a new elevator system that ThyssenKrupp has developed will solve that problem. This new elevator has an ability to move in all direction both vertically and horizontally. The new structural system, Tube Mega Frame (TMF), has been studied and proved to have better efficiency than the central core with outriggers. Moving the bearing structure to the perimeter of the building, gives smaller overturning moment and better stability due to longer lever arm from the center. This thesis focuses on applying the Tube Mega Frame system to a slanted building which has a tripod structure. Different types of TMFs were used to compare the efficiency of the buildings performance. The TMF contains perimeter frame and mega columns with different binding systems such as belt walls and bracings. A pre-study has been carried out in order to see the overall behavior of the tripod shape. Different heights and inclinations have been analyzed with stick models. The analysis has been performed in the finite element software SAP2000 and deflections due to dead load was compared. The buildings with least deflection considering maximum height and maximum inclination was chosen for further model analysis in finite element software ETABS. Furthermore, a short study of different bracings system has been performed for the lateral loads and it concluded that X-bracing have better performance. The main study of this thesis focused on the two building models of 450 m with 7° inclination and 270 and 15° inclination. For each model, five different TMF systems were applied and analyzed. The TMF includes perimeter frame, perimeter frame with belt wall, mega columns, mega columns with belt wall and mega columns with bracings. Deformations due to wind load, seismic load and modal vibration has been compared. It concluded that the least deformation is achieved by the TMF mega columns with bracings for both models with two different heights. The periods of the building are comparatively lower than other systems. The deflection from TMF mega columns with belt walls did not differ much from the TMF mega columns with bracings. For the 270 m high building, the top story displacement was remarkably small because of the three legs, making it stiffer and stable. Even with the p delta effect, there were only millimeters of difference in top story displacement. TMF perimeter frame had a lower deflection than with belt wall, which should have been exact opposite. The reason was while making the total volume of buildings equal, the addition of belt walls led to thinner columns in the perimeter and lower stiffness.

3D printing has risen in popularity due to its capabilities which enable rapid prototyping and printing structures that were impossible to produce before and partially because of technological development in recent years. Most low-cost printers, based on the fused filament fabrication process, are capable of printing a single filament at a time that limits and complicates multicolor and multi-material 3D printing. Therefore, investigating and building a multicolor 3D printer have been chosen as a degree project in order to provide an understanding for multicolor 3D printing. The project was started with an investigation of different possibilities and potential solutions. After that, a visual CAD model was created in Solid Edge, and a virtual model was constructed by using Acumen. Lastly, accumulated ideas were implemented into creating a prototype. Construction of the prototype was accomplished successfully, and several experiments were executed to determine its capabilities and limitations. The results showed that the printer has high precision in XY-plane and is less precise in Z-axis. The printer was able to print 45 different colored objects, of which only 24 were chosen as distinct colors that the human eye could distinguish. One of the main challenges with a single nozzle multicolor 3D printing compared to a single-color printing is constant heatsink clogging. Another challenge is to create a well-integrated system where hardware and software comply perfectly in a manner that desired prints are obtained. / Se dokumentfil

The aim of this dissertation is to provide a new perspective to the analysis of megaevent / host city relationship. The significance of the research subject depends on the interest in hosting mega-events such as the Olympic Games and the World Fairs, which generate a competition among cities. Turkish cities are recently being involved in this competition. In addition to that, mega-events have large-scale and long-term impacts on the built environment, which has not been thoroughly discussed in urban studies. The methodology which is based on a qualitative analysis comprises three steps: a historical analysis made on the Olympic host cities, and two case studies. The first case is Athens as the 2004 Olympic city, the second case is Istanbul as an Olympic bid city since 1990. This study recognizes but qualifies the concept of megaevent hosting. It is shown that mega-event hosting is a capacity-building process, whilst it has a potential to generate overdose investments problem in the built environment. The most significant conclusion of the study is that the ability of coping with this problem is correlated with the ability of absorbing the investments made.

Le tourisme s’entend désormais comme un des facteurs de compréhension et de production du processus de métropolisation. Entrainant une dynamique de reconfiguration des territoires, ce dernier invite la recherche scientifique à revisiter les problématiques urbaines à l’aune de nouvelles échelles. Sur ce plan, la méga-région constitue un système urbain émergent et un champ de recherche qui demande à être investigué. Or, si les travaux scientifiques portant sur le tourisme dans les grandes métropoles tendent à se développer, très peu questionnent l’échelle méga-régionale, bien que le tourisme soit mentionné comme enjeu de développement au sein de cet espace. L’objectif de cette recherche est de questionner les liens entre tourisme et métropolisation en appréhendant le tourisme comme un élément structurant des ensembles métropolitains d’échelle méga-régionale. Notre stratégie de recherche se base sur l’étude de cas de ce que nous avons nommé la « mégarégion touristique Paris-Reims », caractérisée par la présence du pôle touristique du Val d’Europe. Nous procédons à l’analyse des dynamiques d’intégration touristique au sein de cet espace en privilégiant une approche par le jeu des acteurs locaux du tourisme. Nous focalisons notre analyse dans un premier temps sur les pratiques et les représentations intégratrices des collectivités locales et de leurs organismes locaux de tourisme. Puis nous nous attachons à décrypter les stratégies d’internationalisation des acteurs de la région périmétropolitaine de Reims sur le plan touristique, en nous intéressant aux grandes maisons de Champagne et à la candidature de cette région viticole au Patrimoine mondial de l’humanité. / Tourism is now accepted as one of the factors that produce and help us to understand the process of metropolization. Metropolization is initiating profound changes in territories, and scientific research needs to take a fresh look at the problems of urbanisation on this much larger scale. In this context, the mega-region is an emerging urban system and an area of research that requires examination. However, whilst research into large metropolitan areas is on the rise, very little of this work looks at the mega-regional dimension, even though tourism is mentioned as a factor for development at this level. The aim of this research is to study the links between tourism and metropolization by considering tourism as a component that gives structure to mega-regional size metropolitan areas. Our research design is based on a study of the case that we call the “Paris-Reims mega-tourist region”, which includes the Disneyland Paris tourist area. We analyse the dynamics of tourism development within this area, and in particular study the interactions between the local tourist industry players. We concentrate first on the spatial practices and representations of the local authorities and tourist organisations. Then we analyse the international tourism strategies of player in the greater Reims area, and in particular the great Champagne houses, and at the Champagne wine region’s application to become a World Heritage Site.