<p>The main purpose of this study was to examine if, and how, persons with psychological impairments have worse living conditions than the population average. The papers intention was to investigate and describe these conditions and to analyze them based on theories of stigma, and systems theory. This paper was composed on a qualitative study in which god men have been interviewed, in addition to accomplish the purpose. This study has highlighted the four individual areas of economy, employment, housing conditions and social relations. Results have shown that people with mental disabilities tend to live in worse living conditions than the population average. The conclusion of this study is that social service should make more attention to living conditions and social problems that people with mental health difficulties have. This would enable the social worker to his authority in making correct and fair assessments, and increased opportunities to design interventions in a satisfactory manner.</p>

<p>I den här uppsatsen studeras vilken betydelse och funktion ett specifikt boendestöd har åt psykiskt funktionshindrade personer, specifikt åt personer med funktionshindret Aspergers syndrom. Uppsatsen tar också upp boendestödjarnas perspektiv på verksamheten och deras arbete. Detta gjordes för att få en breddare förståelse kring vilken betydelse den här verksamheten har.<strong> </strong>Brukare fick delta i en enkätundersökning och kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med personalen och en brukare. Genom det insamlade materialet fick jag ta del en mängd intressanta tankar och åsikter kring boendestödet, det visade sig också att diagnosen roll var en central problematik för så väl brukare som personal. Genom de valda teoretiska utgångspunkterna problematiserade och teoretiserade jag kring mitt material, där jag använde mig av empowerment som begrepp och tankemodell, Gidddens begrepp självet, tillit, ontologisk trygghet och abstrakta system, Beckers stämplingsteori samt Layders teori om de fyra sociala domänerna. Det jag kommit fram till är att boendestödet är av stor betydelse för brukare med Aspergers, då boendestödjarna kan hjälpa brukaren till att stärka dennes empowerment. Empowerment ger brukaren kraften och självförtroendet till att känna att denne själv har kontrollen över sin livssituation. Samtidigt fann jag att diagnosen motarbetar empowermentprocessen, då brukaren blir stämplad som avvikare i samhället på grund av diagnosen och blir tvungen att underordna det abstrakta systemets normer för att få rätten till stöd och hjälp.<strong></strong></p> / <p>This study sets out to explore how a living support for mentally impaired individuals functions and its contribution for these individuals. The focus of the study concentrates on individuals with the mental disability, the Aspergers syndrome. The study centers around on these individuals perspective on the living support and the personnel working at the living support. In addition, the study also examines the personnel’s perspective on their work and the living support activity. This focus was chosen in order to give a broader perspective about the living support. Users participated in a smaller survey and qualitative interviews were carried out with the personnel and one user at one living support establishment. Through the collected material the study enabled to achieve many interesting and valuable opinions about the living support. The study showed that the diagnose alone of mental disability both played a central part for both the individual and the personnel. The theoretical viewpoints that serve as starting point and model for the sociological problematisation were empowerment, Gidden’s concepts of the self-identity, trust and basic conviction and abstract systems, Howard Beckers labelling theory as well as Layder’s domain theory about the four social domains. The analysis of the study has shown that the living support has a great contribution for users with Asbergers syndrome, since the personnel can strengthen the individuals’ empowerment.  The empowerment process gives the users power and self confidence to take control over his/her’s situation in life. Another finding from the study shows that the individuals diagnose oppose the empowerment process, when the individual is being labelling into a deviant, thus also force into submissive norms of an abstract society in order to receive the right of support and aid.</p>

The main purpose of this study was to examine if, and how, persons with psychological impairments have worse living conditions than the population average. The papers intention was to investigate and describe these conditions and to analyze them based on theories of stigma, and systems theory. This paper was composed on a qualitative study in which god men have been interviewed, in addition to accomplish the purpose. This study has highlighted the four individual areas of economy, employment, housing conditions and social relations. Results have shown that people with mental disabilities tend to live in worse living conditions than the population average. The conclusion of this study is that social service should make more attention to living conditions and social problems that people with mental health difficulties have. This would enable the social worker to his authority in making correct and fair assessments, and increased opportunities to design interventions in a satisfactory manner.

I den här uppsatsen studeras vilken betydelse och funktion ett specifikt boendestöd har åt psykiskt funktionshindrade personer, specifikt åt personer med funktionshindret Aspergers syndrom. Uppsatsen tar också upp boendestödjarnas perspektiv på verksamheten och deras arbete. Detta gjordes för att få en breddare förståelse kring vilken betydelse den här verksamheten har. Brukare fick delta i en enkätundersökning och kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med personalen och en brukare. Genom det insamlade materialet fick jag ta del en mängd intressanta tankar och åsikter kring boendestödet, det visade sig också att diagnosen roll var en central problematik för så väl brukare som personal. Genom de valda teoretiska utgångspunkterna problematiserade och teoretiserade jag kring mitt material, där jag använde mig av empowerment som begrepp och tankemodell, Gidddens begrepp självet, tillit, ontologisk trygghet och abstrakta system, Beckers stämplingsteori samt Layders teori om de fyra sociala domänerna. Det jag kommit fram till är att boendestödet är av stor betydelse för brukare med Aspergers, då boendestödjarna kan hjälpa brukaren till att stärka dennes empowerment. Empowerment ger brukaren kraften och självförtroendet till att känna att denne själv har kontrollen över sin livssituation. Samtidigt fann jag att diagnosen motarbetar empowermentprocessen, då brukaren blir stämplad som avvikare i samhället på grund av diagnosen och blir tvungen att underordna det abstrakta systemets normer för att få rätten till stöd och hjälp. / This study sets out to explore how a living support for mentally impaired individuals functions and its contribution for these individuals. The focus of the study concentrates on individuals with the mental disability, the Aspergers syndrome. The study centers around on these individuals perspective on the living support and the personnel working at the living support. In addition, the study also examines the personnel’s perspective on their work and the living support activity. This focus was chosen in order to give a broader perspective about the living support. Users participated in a smaller survey and qualitative interviews were carried out with the personnel and one user at one living support establishment. Through the collected material the study enabled to achieve many interesting and valuable opinions about the living support. The study showed that the diagnose alone of mental disability both played a central part for both the individual and the personnel. The theoretical viewpoints that serve as starting point and model for the sociological problematisation were empowerment, Gidden’s concepts of the self-identity, trust and basic conviction and abstract systems, Howard Beckers labelling theory as well as Layder’s domain theory about the four social domains. The analysis of the study has shown that the living support has a great contribution for users with Asbergers syndrome, since the personnel can strengthen the individuals’ empowerment.  The empowerment process gives the users power and self confidence to take control over his/her’s situation in life. Another finding from the study shows that the individuals diagnose oppose the empowerment process, when the individual is being labelling into a deviant, thus also force into submissive norms of an abstract society in order to receive the right of support and aid.

La médecine de l’Antiquité voit l’individu malade et ne reconnaît pas le handicap. Les classifications C.I.H. et C.I.F. de l’O.M.S. ont modifié notre manière de voir le handicap. La loi du 11 février 2005 utilise les termes de limitation d’activité et de restriction de participation issus de la C.I.F. La grille G-MAP évalue les limitations d’activité et la restriction de participation par la mesure de l’interaction entre les dimensions individuelles et environnementales (facilitatrices / obstacles) et rend compte ainsi de la situation de handicap. Le type de travail, de formation, le fait de côtoyer au quotidien les personnes handicapées, sont les facteurs principaux modifiant les attitudes des professionnels ou des étudiants. L’évolution et la modification de l’organisation du travail limitent parfois négativement la participation des travailleurs handicapés à la vie de l’entreprise. Une ergonomie logicielle adaptée semble être une voie prometteuse pour faciliter l’insertion. L’accompagnement des professionnels d’un ESAT portant sur la compréhension des troubles cognitifs et comportementaux facilite la vie relationnelle au sein de l’entreprise adaptée. La vision socialisée et politique du handicap impulsée par la loi du 11 février 2005 a considérablement amélioré l’image de celui-ci dans l’ensemble de la population. Nous sommes peut-être, en 2012, dans la phase du balancier de l’histoire qui pointe surtout vers l’aspect social du handicap. Ce changement mérite d’être accompagné, mais il ne doit pas se faire au détriment de la prise en compte des problèmes de santé sous-jacents et plus particulièrement de ce qui concerne le handicap cognitif ou psychique. / The traditional medical model views patients as ‘illnesses’ and does not recognize disability. The WHO’s classifications of handicap (ICH) and function (ICF) have changed our understanding of disability. The Disability Discrimination law of 11th February 2005 introduced the concepts of activity and participation. G-MAP is an assessment tool that looks at the limitations of activity and participation by measuring the interaction between individual and environmental dimensions (facilitators/obstacles) that contribute to the handicap. The main factors that help modify the attitudes of professionals and students, are the nature of their work, training and being around people with disabilities in their daily lives. The evolution and development of an organisation sometimes negatively impacts on the participation of employees with a disability. Adapted software ergonomics seems to be a promising way forward, appearing to change the attitudes towards disabled employees. The use of specific work supporting activities for the professionals of an establishment that employs disabled people (ESAT) to develop an understanding of cognitive and behavioural disorders facilitates good employee relationships within the company. The socialised and political vision of disability engendered by the law of February 2005 has considerably improved the image of disabled people in the general population. This change has to be facilitated, but it should not be detrimental to the awareness of underlying health problems. In 2012 we are the point where the pendulum is starting to swing towards the social aspect of disability.

近來教育的研究，特別是輕度智能障礙的研究有減少的趨勢。通常這一類的學生會合併其他高出現率的障別，而不同的研究認為這些障別會有不同的特質。本研究旨在著重中學階段輕度智能障礙學生尤其是個別化教育，因為學者專家共同指出這些學生需要個別化教育。台灣、荷蘭在中學階段與輕度智能障礙有關的政策也強調符合學生個別需求、興趣和能力，所以這兩個國家可以在個別化教育這一方面做比較。 本論文的目的將研究與比較以下兩方面： (1) 台灣與荷蘭在中學階段之個別輕度智能障礙學生有何全國教育政策；期許和需求與關於達成 (2) 兩國的學校與老師如何落實個別輕度智能障礙學生的教學。為達成此目的，研究者擬蒐集兩國相關教育政策資料，以及與學校主要成員進行深入的半結構訪談。在資料分析過程中，會著重在兩國的政策和個案學校特殊狀況。而後將相互比較兩國對輕度智能障礙學生之個別化教育政策與學校執行情況，能對兩國的輕度智能障礙學生的個別化教育有所了解。以增進兩國在此方面的相互學習與借鏡。 本研究指出在台灣和荷蘭個別化教育的歷程皆受到不同世界潮流的影響。最明顯的是現標準化本位改革在台灣已經成為一種趨勢，而學生導向的個別化教育計畫概念在荷蘭的學校個案是受到支持的。此外，在台灣教育政策和規範的訂定是由中央到地方，而在荷蘭教育方案的發展則由各校自行訂定。在個案學校的主要研究發現是，荷蘭個案在個別化教育歷程中被賦予比較多正式責任，而台灣個案相形之下較少。 此外，在台灣、荷蘭組成個別化教育的項目在個別的中學低年級和高年級相當不同，而兩國的中學個別化教育項目同時呈現相同與相異之處。該研究基於研究發現提出部分建議，並針對未來可能的研究提出建議。 / Research into education for, specifically, the mildly mentally impaired has in recent years decreased. Often this population of students is combined with other high incidence disabilities while significant differences in characteristics have been recognized. This research project, therefore, specifically focuses on the population of mildly mentally impaired students in secondary education and particularly individualized education, since there is a consensus among academics that this population of students has a need for a system that allows for individualized education. Policies regarding education for mildly mentally impaired in secondary education in both Taiwan and the Netherlands also stipulate a program tailored to a student’s individual needs, interests and abilities and, thus, a level of comparability between these two countries is assured. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate and compare (1) the national policies for meeting the individual educational wishes and needs of mildly mentally impaired secondary education students in Taiwan and the Netherlands and (2) how these policies are implemented in high-quality school cases in both countries. To achieve this purpose, the researcher collected relevant policy documents and performed in-depth, semi-structured interviews with key staff members at the school cases. During the process of data analysis, due attention was given to the fact that both the countries’ policies, as well as the school cases, are embedded in their own unique contexts. Upon analyzing the gathered data, a comparison of both countries’ individualized education systems for mildly mentally impaired secondary education students was performed, highlighting similarities and differences. The findings of this research project indicate that the process of individualizing education has been shaped by national cultures as well as different worldwide trends in both Taiwan and the Netherlands. Most notably, there has been a drive for standards-based reform in Taiwan while in the Netherlands the concept of the student-led IEP has found an advocate in the school case researched. Furthermore, relevant educational policies and regulations are created and enforced in a top-down manner in Taiwan while the Netherlands shows elements of a bottom-up approach. Among the major findings from the school cases is that the Dutch case shows a student who is endowed with a greater degree of formal responsibility in the process of individualizing education than the Taiwanese counterparts at both the lower and upper level school cases. Furthermore, in both countries, individualized education at the lower and upper secondary education stages consists of different elements. The degree to which these elements are present in Taiwan and the Netherlands shows similarities and differences. This report concludes with recommendations based on the findings, and suggestions for possible future research are offered.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAARA.pdf: 3614754 bytes, checksum: fd688507544938c26ba4957c2226fafd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-19 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Studies in the field of Special Education state that mentally challenged people present difficulties as to communication and interpersonal rapport. This fact has defined the necessity of structuring training programs on these abilities, so that these challenged people can be inserted in the community in an extensive way. Based on these concerns and on the lack of descriptive studies depicting interventions with mentally challenged adults in general and in the field of communicative abilities in particular, the present paper aimed at the following: a) elaboration and description of tools and procedures for the evaluation and promotion of communicative abilities of mentally challenged adults; b) design, implementation and description of a program to promote verbal and non-verbal communicative abilities for a group of mentally challenged adults; c) analyses of each of the program participants performance, according to indicators obtained in different moments of the intervention. Six mentally challenged adults have taken part in this study as well as professional informants and family members. The communicative performance was assessed by means of questionnaires and interviews and direct behavioral observation. The program focused on the training of verbal and non-verbal abilities through mingling techniques associated to pedagogical, cognitive behaviorist and speech- language-hearing approaches. The performances were recorded in scores and organized in protocols, which were subject of individualized analyses as compared to the group, taking under consideration the consistency of changes between the differences before and after the interventions. The results have pointed: positive changes in several trained components, reliable positive changes in some components, as well as in the group participants and family member s satisfaction with the intervention. The contribution of this paper in terms of produced knowledge has been discussed, as well as the performed stages, decisions and challenges of this research-intervention and the importance of investment in researches in this area, involving the construction, adaptation and improvement of social and communicative abilities evaluation tools for the social and communicative abilities for the mentally impaired, in particular the adult population. / Estudos na área da Educação Especial referem que deficientes mentais apresentam dificuldades no desempenho comunicativo e nas relações interpessoais, o que define a necessidade em estruturar programas de treinamento dessas habilidades, para a inserção dessas pessoas na comunidade de maneira plena. Com base nessas preocupações e na escassez de estudos descritivos de intervenções com deficientes mentais adultos em geral e no campo das habilidades comunicativas em particular, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: a) elaborar e descrever instrumentos e procedimentos para a avaliação e promoção de habilidades comunicativas de adultos deficientes mentais; b) delinear, implementar e descrever um programa de promoção de habilidades comunicativas verbais e não verbais para um grupo de adultos deficientes mentais; c) analisar o desempenho de cada um dos participantes desse programa, conforme indicadores obtidos em diferentes momentos da intervenção. Participaram do estudo seis adultos deficientes e como informantes profissionais e familiares. O desempenho comunicativo foi avaliado por meio de questionários e entrevista e observação direta do comportamento. O programa focalizou o treino de habilidades verbais e não verbais por meio de técnicas vivenciais associadas a técnicas pedagógicas, comportamentais-cognitivas e fonoaudiológicas. Os desempenhos foram computados em escores e organizados em protocolos, que foram objeto de análise individualizada fazendo comparações com o grupo, considerando a confiabilidade das mudanças entre as diferenças pré e pós-intervenção. Os resultados sugeriram: mudanças positivas em vários componentes treinados, mudanças positivas confiáveis em alguns componentes, bem como satisfação dos participantes e seus familiares com a intervenção. Discute-se as contribuições do estudo em termos de conhecimento produzido, a partir das etapas percorridas, decisões e desafios da pesquisa-intervenção e a importância de investimento em pesquisas na área, envolvendo a construção, adaptação e aprimoramento de instrumentos de avaliação de habilidades sociais e comunicativas para deficientes mentais, em especial para a população adulta.

The diploma thesis entitled "Education of Pupils with parallel hearing and mental disabilities in the 1st grade of Primary School for the hearing impaired " analyzes the accessibility of teaching aids for students frequenting Grades 1-6 of elementary schools for students with hearing problems. With respect to the subject treated, exploring part of the thesis focuses on on the collaboration of the teacher with the hearing-impaired educator or the educator's assistant. Also discussed are the types of communication systems most frequently used by the teachers during their work. In the thesis there is also an overview of elementary schools in the Czech Republic, in which students with hearing impairments and parallel mental retardation are educated on the 1st grade. The objective of this diploma thesis is to point out the shortage of teaching aids for students with this form of health impairment, who require a variety of educational strategies, given their specific educational needs. The research work was undertaken using methods of a semi-structured interview, observation and an analysis of teaching products. The outcome of the research conducted for the purposes of this diploma thesis was the conclusion that the availability of teaching aids for students with parallel hearing and mental impairments...

The diploma thesis entitled "Education of Pupils with parallel hearing and mental disabilities in the 1st grade of Primary School for the hearing impaired " analyzes the accessibility of teaching aids for students frequenting Grades 1-6 of elementary schools for students with hearing problems. With respect to the subject treated, one part of the thesis focuses on the instruction methods used for the teaching and education of such children and on the collaboration of the teacher with the hearing-impaired educator or the educator's assistant. Also discussed are the types of communication systems most frequently used by the teachers during their work. The second part of the thesis provides an overview of elementary schools in the Czech Republic, in which students with hearing impairments and parallel mental retardation receive education. The objective of this diploma thesis is to point out the shortage of teaching aids for students with this form of health impairment, who require a variety of educational strategies, given their specific educational needs. The research work was undertaken using methods of a semi-structured interview, observation and an analysis of teaching products. The outcome of the research conducted for the purposes of this diploma thesis was the conclusion that the availability of...

Psykisk ohälsa är en långvarig sjukdom som inte kan botas med enbart medicin (Bundensen m.fl. 2020). Tidigare forskningar menar de att det är ett alternativ att behandlas med olika konstnärliga och kreativa aktiviteter, som till exempel kreativt skrivande, musik, livsberättelse, dans, teatereller poesiför att individen ska få tillbaka sin självkänsla (Bundensen m.fl. 2020; Slattery m.fl. 2020). Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka konstnärliga och kreativa metoder som finns och hur yrkesverksamheter inom psykisk ohälsa använder sig utav dessa metoder för att hjälpa personer med psykisk ohälsa. En kvalitativ metod har använtsi denna studie för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och ett målinriktat urval användes för att rekrytera intervjupersonerna. Vi intervjuade sex personer som verksamma inom psykisk ohälsa. Dessa personer har en akademisk utbildning inom teater, uttryckande konst och pedagogik. De insamlade materialen analyserades med innehållsanalys.Resultatet blev sex olika teman: Empowerment, gemenskap,KASAM, kompetens och metod, samverkan och känslouttryck. Samt att personalen på verksamheterna arbetar med olika konstnärliga och kreativa metoder för återhämtningsprocessen för personer som drabbats av psykisk ohälsa. Personer med psykisk ohälsa behöver gemenskapen för att utveckla KASAM. Konstnärliga och kreativa metoder ökar individens välmående, självkänslan och självförtroende (Bundensen m.fl. 2020; Slattery m.fl. 2020)