The thesis deals with a computer modelling by means of the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. The thesis is structured into three topical sections. The first part is dedicated to the programme characteristics and its development. In the second part the brief characteristics of working with the programme COMSOL Multiphysics is presented which should make the user´s first steps in working with software easier. The last part of thesis shows the specific demonstration of the created multiple physics task taken from the field of plasma physics. This task is solved by means of continuous simulation of a computer modelling based on the drift-diffusion approximation of low temperature plasma. The proposal of the paper for the proceedings of the conference ,,Technical Computing Prague 2012" is also a part of this thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 joiafilho_p_me_bauru.pdf: 1705037 bytes, checksum: e438b4083e3b354705865523aa6eb7a4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Uma das primeiras fases da análise estrutural por elementos finitos é a criação do modelo geométrico. Este modelo deve representar fielmente a estrutura no que diz respeito a ângulos, dimensões e forma. Quando os objetos de estudo são estruturas biomecânicas, a dificuldade na realização das análises aumenta, primeiro porque os modelos considerados apresentam geometria quase sempre irregular, segundo pela dificuldade na realização de experimentos desta natureza, já que envolvem, em geral, organismos e tecidos vivos. Inserida, portanto, no contexto de Modelagem Científica Computacional, esta pesquisa procurou aplicar a computação a outras áreas do conhecimento, com o objetivo de criar modelos computacionais para situações em que é inviável testar ou medir as diversas soluções possíveis para um fenômeno a partir de modelos experimentais, neste caso, regiões ósseas. Para atingir este objetivo um programa computacional foi desenvolvido: o bioMeshCreate. O bioMeshCreate é uma aplicação final, independente, multi-plataforma, orientado a objeto, implementado em C++ com o auxílio de um toolkit de visualização científica, o VTK (The Visualization Toolkit), e seu objetivo principal é reconstruir estruturas ósseas tridimensionais a partir de seções planas, normalmente imagens médicas digitais obtidas por exames de tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. A aplicação também permite visualizar as fatias planas, gerar a malha sobre a superfície reconstruída, aplicar filtros de redução de elementos e suavização de superfícies e integrar o volume obtido com softwares de análise por elementos finitos, a fim de completar a análise sobre a estrutura. Ainda é possível exportar dados em formatos compatíveis com processos de prototipagem rápida e gerar modelos de realidade virtual, os quais podem ser distribuídos e visualizados em um browser... / One of the first phases of the structural analysis by finite elements is to create a geometric model. This model must faithfully represent the structure in what is related to angles, dimensions and form. When the study objects are biomechanical structures, the level of difficulty in the accomplishment of the analyses increases, first because the considered models present geometry almost always irregular, second for the difficulty for the accomplishment of experiments of this nature, as they involve, in general, organisms and live tissues. Inserted, therefore, in the context of Scientific Computational Modeling, this research tried to apply the computation to other areas of knowledge, with the objective of creating computational models for situations in which testing or measuring the several possible solutions for a phenomenon starting from experimental models isn’t viable, in this case, bone areas. To reach this purpose, a computational program was developed: the bioMeshCreate. The bioMeshCreate is a final application, independent, multi-platform, object-oriented, developed in C++ with the support of a toolkit for scientific visualization, the VTK (The Visualization Toolkit), and its main objective is to rebuild three-dimensional bone structures starting from plane sections, usually digital medical images obtained by exams of computed tomography or magnetic resonance. The application allows the visualization plane slices, to generate the mesh on the rebuilt surface, to apply filters of elements reduction and mesh smoothing and to integrate the volume obtained with finite elements analysis softwares, in order to complete the analysis on the structure. It is still possible to export data in compatible formats with rapid prototyping processes, and to generate virtual reality models, which can be distributed and visualized in a browser. Tests with patients' real data were accomplished... (Complete abstract click elctronic access below)

Orientador: Edson Antonio Capello Sousa / Banca: Sérgio Scheer / Banca: José Eduardo Cogo Castanho / Resumo: Uma das primeiras fases da análise estrutural por elementos finitos é a criação do modelo geométrico. Este modelo deve representar fielmente a estrutura no que diz respeito a ângulos, dimensões e forma. Quando os objetos de estudo são estruturas biomecânicas, a dificuldade na realização das análises aumenta, primeiro porque os modelos considerados apresentam geometria quase sempre irregular, segundo pela dificuldade na realização de experimentos desta natureza, já que envolvem, em geral, organismos e tecidos vivos. Inserida, portanto, no contexto de Modelagem Científica Computacional, esta pesquisa procurou aplicar a computação a outras áreas do conhecimento, com o objetivo de criar modelos computacionais para situações em que é inviável testar ou medir as diversas soluções possíveis para um fenômeno a partir de modelos experimentais, neste caso, regiões ósseas. Para atingir este objetivo um programa computacional foi desenvolvido: o bioMeshCreate. O bioMeshCreate é uma aplicação final, independente, multi-plataforma, orientado a objeto, implementado em C++ com o auxílio de um toolkit de visualização científica, o VTK (The Visualization Toolkit), e seu objetivo principal é reconstruir estruturas ósseas tridimensionais a partir de seções planas, normalmente imagens médicas digitais obtidas por exames de tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. A aplicação também permite visualizar as fatias planas, gerar a malha sobre a superfície reconstruída, aplicar filtros de redução de elementos e suavização de superfícies e integrar o volume obtido com softwares de análise por elementos finitos, a fim de completar a análise sobre a estrutura. Ainda é possível exportar dados em formatos compatíveis com processos de prototipagem rápida e gerar modelos de realidade virtual, os quais podem ser distribuídos e visualizados em um browser... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: One of the first phases of the structural analysis by finite elements is to create a geometric model. This model must faithfully represent the structure in what is related to angles, dimensions and form. When the study objects are biomechanical structures, the level of difficulty in the accomplishment of the analyses increases, first because the considered models present geometry almost always irregular, second for the difficulty for the accomplishment of experiments of this nature, as they involve, in general, organisms and live tissues. Inserted, therefore, in the context of Scientific Computational Modeling, this research tried to apply the computation to other areas of knowledge, with the objective of creating computational models for situations in which testing or measuring the several possible solutions for a phenomenon starting from experimental models isn't viable, in this case, bone areas. To reach this purpose, a computational program was developed: the bioMeshCreate. The bioMeshCreate is a final application, independent, multi-platform, object-oriented, developed in C++ with the support of a toolkit for scientific visualization, the VTK (The Visualization Toolkit), and its main objective is to rebuild three-dimensional bone structures starting from plane sections, usually digital medical images obtained by exams of computed tomography or magnetic resonance. The application allows the visualization plane slices, to generate the mesh on the rebuilt surface, to apply filters of elements reduction and mesh smoothing and to integrate the volume obtained with finite elements analysis softwares, in order to complete the analysis on the structure. It is still possible to export data in compatible formats with rapid prototyping processes, and to generate virtual reality models, which can be distributed and visualized in a browser. Tests with patients' real data were accomplished... (Complete abstract click elctronic access below) / Mestre

nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo descreve quatro mÃtodos implementados para realizar uma quadrilaterizaÃÃo convexa do espaÃo bidimensional que pode conter linhas poligonais ou buracos. Dois destes mÃtodos, ponto mÃdio e ortoquad, utilizam de elementos guia, o baricentro de uma regiÃo ou o locus de cÃrculos mÃximos tangentes e internos a geometria, para produzir uma malha conforme o domÃnio. Os outros dois, triquad e quadrilaterizaÃÃo incremental, utilizam de uma triangulaÃÃo explÃcita e implÃcita combinando elementos aos pares para realizar a geraÃÃo da malha. Todas as tÃcnicas sÃo feitas por decomposiÃÃo de regiÃes o que garante uma quadrilaterizaÃÃo final, jà que o domÃnio à sempre segmentado a cada iteraÃÃo. Estas tÃcnicas sÃo comparadas por um critÃrio de geometria e topologia de forma a tornar evidentes suas vantagens e desvantagens assim como promover melhorias futuras. As tÃcnicas sÃo aplicadas a alguns exemplos, incluindo-se um reservatÃrio natural, a fim de exibir seu funcionamento em um ambiente real ou prÃximo do mesmo, conforme as amostras utilizadas. TambÃm se pretende apresentar ao longo deste trabalho os requisitos necessÃrios, segundo a experiÃncia deste autor com o tema, para o desenvolvimento de uma tÃcnica de geraÃÃo de malha quadrilateral / This work describes four methods implemented to achieve a convex quadrilaterization of the two- -dimensional space that may have polygonal lines or holes. Two of these methods, midpoint and ortoquad make use of guide elements, the centroid of a region or the locus of maximum tangent circles inside a geometry, to produce a mesh for the domain. The other two methods, triquad and incremental quadrilatezation use a implicit and explicit triangulation while combining elements in pairs to generate a mesh. All these methods are made through domain decomposition which assure quadrilaterization at the end, since the domain is always partitioned at each iteration. These techniques are compared by a criterion of geometry and topology in order to make clear its advantages and disadvantages and as means of promoting future improvements. The techniques are applied to some samples, including a natural reservoir, in order to view its operation in a real environment or near reality according to the sample used. Also it intends to present throughout this work the requirements, according to the experience with the theme of this author, to develop a technique for quadrilateral mesh generation

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-02T17:15:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciacordeiropereirapampanelli.pdf: 10123132 bytes, checksum: 7b722bf4cc93a2714a196242334a5f40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T19:57:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciacordeiropereirapampanelli.pdf: 10123132 bytes, checksum: 7b722bf4cc93a2714a196242334a5f40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T19:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciacordeiropereirapampanelli.pdf: 10123132 bytes, checksum: 7b722bf4cc93a2714a196242334a5f40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Inúmeras áreas utilizam elementos finitos para modelagem e simulação de fenômenos físicos, químicos, biológicos, etc. Neste contexto, a geração de malhas consiste na subdivisão do espaço de acordo com o domínio de interesse. Contudo, a diversidade de geometrias e topologias dificulta esta tarefa. Este trabalho apresenta um método de geração de malhas trivalentes a partir de modelos triangulares. A etapa de pré-processamento consiste em extrair características diferenciais do modelo, como as regiões de curvatura máxima e mínima. O mapeamento no espaço rombóide é obtido através de duas otimizações, ambas de programação inteira mista. Na primeira etapa, um campo de direções é gerado com objetivo de interpolar as direções principais sobre toda a superfície. A segunda otimização consiste em mapear o modelo triangular no espaço bidimensional e homeomorfo ao disco. Este mapeamento permite extrair a malha trivalente no espaço rombóide com distribuição mais uniforme dos vértices. A cobertura trivalente obtida neste trabalho pode ser aplicada na representação de nano-estruturas de carbono dada sua geometria predominantemente hexagonal. Estas estruturas são especialmente interessantes devido á sua extensa aplicabilidade. / Several areas use finite element method for modeling and simulating physical, chemical or biological phenomena. In this context, the mesh generation consists of subdividing the space under the domain of interest. However, the diversity of geometries and topologies difficult this task. This work presents a method for trivalent mesh generation from triangular models. A pre-processing step consists in extracting differential characteristics of the model, as the regions of maximum and minimum curvatures. The rhomboid mapping space is obtained through two optimizations, both of mixed integer programming. In the first stage, a direction field is generated to interpolate the principal directions on the entire surface. The second optimization consists in mapping the triangular model in a two-dimensional homeomorphic space to the disk. This mapping allows to extract the trivalent mesh on the rhomboid space with a more uniform distribution of vertices. The trivalent coverage obtained in this study can be applied on the representation of carbon nano-structures due to its predominantly hexagonal geometry. These structures are specially interesting because of its extensive applicability.

Continuing the previous work in the preprint 97-11 done for the 2D-approach in this paper we describe the Yserentant preconditioned conjugate gradient method as well as the BPX-preconditioned cg-iteration fastly solving 3D-elliptic boundary value problems on unstructured quasi uniform grids. These artificially constructed hierarchical methods have optimal computational costs. In the case of the sequential computing several numerical examples demonstrate their efficiency not depending on the finite element types used for the discretiziation of the original potential problem. Moreover, implementing the methods in parallel first results are given.

Digitizing objects and environments from real world has become an important part of creating realistic computer graphics. Through the use of structured lighting and laser time-of-flight measurements the capturing of geometric models is now a common process. The result are visualizations where viewers gain new possibilities for both visual and intellectual experiences. This thesis presents the reconstruction of the Parthenon temple and its environment in Athens, Greece by using a 3D laser-scanning technique. In order to reconstruct a realistic model using 3D scanning techniques there are various phases in which the acquired datasets have to be processed. The data has to be organized, registered and integrated in addition to pre and post processing. This thesis describes the development of a suitable and efficient data processing pipeline for the given data. The approach differs from previous scanning projects considering digitizing this large scale object at very high resolution. In particular the issue managing and processing huge datasets is described. Finally, the processing of the datasets in the different phases and the resulting 3D model of the Parthenon is presented and evaluated.

Nous étudions dans cette thèse la génération de maillages anisotropes basée sur la triangulation de Delaunay et le diagramme de Voronoi. Nous considérons tout d'abord les maillages anisotropes localement uniformes, développés par Boissonnat, Wormser et Yvinec. Bien que l'aspect théorique de cette approche soit connu, son utilité pratique n'a été que peu explorée. Une étude empirique exhaustive est présentée et révèle les avantages, mais aussi les inconvénients majeurs de cette méthode. Dans un second temps, nous étudions les diagrammes de Voronoi anisotropes définis par Labelle et Shewchuk. Nous donnons des conditions suffisantes sur un ensemble de points pour que le dual du diagramme soit une triangulation plongée en toute dimension ; un algorithme générant de tels ensembles est conçu. Ce diagramme est utilisé pour concevoir un algorithme qui génère efficacement un maillage anisotrope pour des domaines de dimension intrinsèque faible plongés dans des espaces de dimension large. Notre algorithme est prouvable, mais les résultats sont décevants. Enfin, nous présentons le diagramme de Voronoi Riemannien discret, qui utilise des avancées récentes dans l'estimation de distances géodésiques et dont le calcul est grandement accéléré par l'utilisation d'un graphe anisotrope. Nous donnons des conditions suffisantes pour que notre structure soit combinatoirement équivalente au diagramme de Voronoi Riemannien et que son dual utilisant des simplexes droits mais aussi courbes est une triangulation plongée en toute dimension. Nous obtenons de bien meilleurs résultats que pour nos autres techniques, mais dont l'utilité reste limitée / In this thesis, we study the generation of anisotropic meshes using the concepts of Delaunay triangulations and Voronoi diagrams. We first consider the framework of locally uniform anisotropic meshes introduced by Boissonnat, Wormser and Yvinec. Despite known theoretical guarantees, the practicality of this approach has only been hardly studied. An exhaustive empirical study is presented and reveals the strengths but also the overall impracticality of the method. In a second part, we investigate the anisotropic Voronoi diagram introduced by Labelle and Shewchuk and give conditions on a set of seeds such that the corresponding diagram has a dual that is an embedded triangulation in any dimension; an algorithm to generate such sets is devised. Using the same diagram, we propose an algorithm to generate efficiently anisotropic triangulations of low-dimensional manifolds embedded in high-dimensional spaces. Our algorithm is provable, but produces disappointing results. Finally, we study Riemannian Voronoi diagrams and introduce discrete Riemannian Voronoi diagrams, which employ recent developments in the numerical computation of geodesic distances and whose computation is accelerated through the use of an underlying anisotropic graph structure. We give conditions that guarantee that our discrete structure is combinatorially equivalent to the Riemannian Voronoi diagram and that its dual is an embedded triangulation, using both straight and curved simplices. We obtain significantly better results than with our other methods, but the overall utility of

In order to prepare modern finite element analysis a program for the efficient parallel generation of tetrahedral meshes in a wide class of three dimensional domains having a generalized cylindric shape is presented. The applied mesh generation strategy is based on the decomposition of some 2D-reference domain into single con- nected subdomains by means of its triangulations the tetrahedral layers are built up in parallel. Adaptive grid controlling as well as nodal renumbering algorithms are involved. In the paper several examples are incorporated to demonstrate both program's capabilities and the handling with.

Im Rahmen der Arbeit in der damaligen DFG-Forschungsgruppe ¨Scientific Parallel Computing¨ wurde ein hierarchischer paralleler Netzgenerator fuer das Finite-Elemente- Programmpaket SPC-PM CFD unter dem Namen NETGEN69 entwickelt. Als Programmiersprache wurde seinerzeit - wie auch in den FEM-Programmen selbst - FORTRAN benutzt. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes B2 im Sonderforschungsbereich 393 bestand nunmehr die Aufgabe, den Netzgenerator in ein objektorientiertes Layout zu fassen und in C++zu implementieren. Die Beschreibung von Ein- und Ausgabedaten kann in [3] nachgelesen werden. Die Form der Eingabedaten hat sich aus Kompatibilitaetsgruenden nicht geaendert und wird auch in Zukunft so beibehalten werden. Auch das der Assemblierung und FEM-Rechnung zuge- wandte Interface wurde vorerst nicht geaendert. Ein Wrapper, der fuer die Generierung der erwarteten Ausgabedaten aus den netzgeneratoreigenen Datenbestaenden sorgt, ist derzeit in Planung. Diese Lösung ist freilich nur voruebergehender Natur; sie ermoeglicht es uns, den Netzgenerator innerhalb der FEM-Bibliotheken zu testen.