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This study compares the practices of catalogers. Bibliographic records and subject headings were used for exploration of thesis and dissertation records in the databases of two Kuwaiti institutions to suggest ways to identify the best practices of library catalogers. This is the first research study to examine the bibliographic records for theses and dissertations in the databases of two Kuwaiti institutions. The researcher employed quantitative analysis of bibliographic records and an online survey with catalogers who created the records. The content analysis focused on the primary criteria of MARC 21 elements corresponding to the sufficiency and accessibility of the bibliographic records. The researcher observed a notable difference in the practices of the two Kuwaiti institutions' catalogers. Most significantly, there were differences in the distribution of the data in the subject heading fields. In one institution, catalogers were remarkably consistent in the numbers of subject headings and controlled vocabulary, while in the other, the data distribution was more random. This suggests greater efficiency in the recording of the subject heading by catalogers. This research has practical implications. It will benefit Kuwaiti institutions by improving catalogers' practices through increased attention to training, education, and development areas. Moreover, the research provided recommendations and suggestions for cataloging best practices and discussed the contributions, conclusions, limitations, and future research.

ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / The complexity of modern test and evaluation (T&E) processes has resulted in an explosion of the quantity and diversity of metadata used to describe end-to-end T&E processes. Ideally, it would be possible to integrate metadata in such a way that disparate systems can seamlessly access the metadata and easily interoperate with other systems. Unfortunately, there are several barriers to achieving this goal: metadata is often designed for use with specific tools or specific purposes; metadata exists in a variety of formats (legacy, non-legacy, structured and unstructured metadata); and the same information is represented in multiple ways across different metadata formats.

Many modern applications need to process queries over potentially infinite data streams to provide answers in real-time. This dissertation proposes novel techniques to optimize CPU and memory utilization in stream processing by exploiting metadata on streaming data or queries. It focuses on four topics: 1) exploiting stream metadata to optimize SPJ query operators via operator configuration, 2) exploiting stream metadata to optimize SPJ query plans via query-rewriting, 3) exploiting workload metadata to optimize parameterized queries via indexing, and 4) exploiting event constraints to optimize event stream processing via run-time early termination. The first part of this dissertation proposes algorithms for one of the most common and expensive query operators, namely join, to at runtime identify and purge no-longer-needed data from the state based on punctuations. Exploitations of the combination of punctuation and commonly-used window constraints are also studied. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate both reduction on memory usage and improvements on execution time due to the proposed strategies. The second part proposes herald-driven runtime query plan optimization techniques. We identify four query optimization techniques, design a lightweight algorithm to efficiently detect the optimization opportunities at runtime upon receiving heralds. We propose a novel execution paradigm to support multiple concurrent logical plans by maintaining one physical plan. Extensive experimental study confirms that our techniques significantly reduce query execution times. The third part deals with the shared execution of parameterized queries instantiated from a query template. We design a lightweight index mechanism to provide multiple access paths to data to facilitate a wide range of parameterized queries. To withstand workload fluctuations, we propose an index tuning framework to tune the index configurations in a timely manner. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. The last part proposes event query optimization techniques by exploiting event constraints such as exclusiveness or ordering relationships among events extracted from workflows. Significant performance gains are shown to be achieved by our proposed constraint-aware event processing techniques.

Orientador: Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa Santos / Banca: Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório Vidotti / Banca: Ricardo César Gonçalves Santana / Banca: Marcos Luiz Mucheroni / Banca: Isa Maria Freire / Resumo: O início do século XXI vem sendo marcado por mudanças relacionadas à informação e à tecnologia, principalmente no que diz respeito à produção e ao uso da informação, nas tecnologias de informática e desenvolvimento das TICs (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação) utilizadas para difundir essas informações. Diante disso, a representação da informação passou a ser requisito em diversas áreas do conhecimento, e para atender a essa necessidade foram criados vários padrões de metadados, que variam desde estruturas simples, passando por um tipo de padrão intermediário, até padrões de estruturas mais complexas de descrição. Com a variedade de tipos de padrões, a área de Ciência da Informação se depara com o seguinte impasse que se constitui como problema de pesquisa: como construir representações adequadas e padronizadas que garantam a unicidade e recuperação eficiente dos recursos informacionais? Esta pesquisa, que pertence à linha Informação e Tecnologia, apresenta como tema a análise das Formas de Representação dos recursos informacionais, tendo em vista as mudanças causadas pelos avanços das TICs no tratamento descritivo da informação (TDI) com o surgimento dos metadados. O foco constitui-se na análise das teorias, dos princípios, dos fundamentos e dos instrumentos que norteiam a construção de representações padronizadas na área de Ciência da Informação. A tese levantada para esta pesquisa é de que a integração estratégica entre as tecnologias de informática e os métodos utilizados nos processos de tratamento descritivo da informação (TDI) da área de Ciência da Informação consolidam a construção padronizada e consistente de metadados, proporcionando uma representação que garanta a unicidade e a recuperação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The 21 st century has been marked by related changes to information and technology, notably as regards the production and use of information in the computing technologies and in the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to disseminate them. Thus, the representation of information has become requirement in many areas of knowledge and to meet this need were developed metadata standards that diversify from simple structures, through a kind of intermediate standard to more complex structures description. The diversity of standards Information Science area is faced with the following impasse that constitutes a research problem: how to construct appropriate and standardized representations to ensure unity and efficient retrieval of information resources? This research which belongs to information and technology line has as theme the analysis of forms of representation of information resources, in view of the changes caused by advances in ICTs in the descriptive treatment of information (DTI) with the emergence of metadata. The focus is on analysis of the theories, principles, fundamentals and tools that guide of the standardized representations development in the Information Science field. The thesis hold for this research is that the strategic integration between computing technologies and methods used in descriptive treatment of information (DTI) processes of the Science Information field consolidate the consistent and standardized construction of metadata providing a representation which ensures the unity and resources retrieval in digital information environments different. Thus, the research hypothesis is that the theories, principles, fundamentals, methods and techniques of cataloging, which are currently going through technological changes, are methodologies that guide the standardized... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

One approach to manage collections is to create data about the things in it. This descriptive data is called metadata, and this term is in this thesis used as a collective noun, i.e no plural form exists. A library is a typical example of an organization that uses metadata, to manage a collection of books. The metadata about a book describes certain attributes of it, for example who the author is. Metadata also provides possibilities for a person to judge if a book is interesting without having to deal with the book itself. The metadata of the things in a collection is a representation of the collection that is easier to deal with than the collection itself. Nowadays metadata is often managed in computer-based systems that enable search possibilities and sorting of search results according to different principles. Metadata can be created both by computers and humans. This thesis will deal with certain aspects of the human activity of creating metadata and includes an explorative study of this activity. The increased amount of public information that is produced is also required to be easily accessible and therefore the situation when metadata is a part of the Semantic Web has been considered an important part of this thesis. This situation is also referred to as the Web of Data or Linked Data. With the Web of Data, metadata records living in isolation from each other can now be linked together over the web. This will probably change what kind of metadata that is being created, but also how it is being created. This thesis describes the construction and use of a framework called Annotation Profiles, a set of artifacts developed to enable an adaptable metadata creation environment with respect to what metadata that can be created. The main artifact is the Annotation Profile Model (APM), a model that holds enough information for a software application to generate a customized metadata editor from it. An instance of this model is called an annotation profile, that can be seen as a configuration for metadata editors. Changes to what metadata can be edited in a metadata editor can be done without modifying the code of the application. Two code libraries that implement the APM have been developed and have been evaluated both internally within the research group where they were developed, but also externally via interviews with software developers that have used one of the code-libraries. Another artifact presented is a protocol for how RDF metadata can be remotely updated when metadata is edited through a metadata editor. It is also described how the APM opens up possibilities for end user development and this is one of the avenues of pursuit in future research related to the APM. / <p>QC 20141028</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_rcv_dr_mar.pdf: 886850 bytes, checksum: 6e1aaf3298728a1e0e310b1cba37a184 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O início do século XXI vem sendo marcado por mudanças relacionadas à informação e à tecnologia, principalmente no que diz respeito à produção e ao uso da informação, nas tecnologias de informática e desenvolvimento das TICs (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação) utilizadas para difundir essas informações. Diante disso, a representação da informação passou a ser requisito em diversas áreas do conhecimento, e para atender a essa necessidade foram criados vários padrões de metadados, que variam desde estruturas simples, passando por um tipo de padrão intermediário, até padrões de estruturas mais complexas de descrição. Com a variedade de tipos de padrões, a área de Ciência da Informação se depara com o seguinte impasse que se constitui como problema de pesquisa: como construir representações adequadas e padronizadas que garantam a unicidade e recuperação eficiente dos recursos informacionais? Esta pesquisa, que pertence à linha Informação e Tecnologia, apresenta como tema a análise das Formas de Representação dos recursos informacionais, tendo em vista as mudanças causadas pelos avanços das TICs no tratamento descritivo da informação (TDI) com o surgimento dos metadados. O foco constitui-se na análise das teorias, dos princípios, dos fundamentos e dos instrumentos que norteiam a construção de representações padronizadas na área de Ciência da Informação. A tese levantada para esta pesquisa é de que a integração estratégica entre as tecnologias de informática e os métodos utilizados nos processos de tratamento descritivo da informação (TDI) da área de Ciência da Informação consolidam a construção padronizada e consistente de metadados, proporcionando uma representação que garanta a unicidade e a recuperação... / The 21 st century has been marked by related changes to information and technology, notably as regards the production and use of information in the computing technologies and in the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to disseminate them. Thus, the representation of information has become requirement in many areas of knowledge and to meet this need were developed metadata standards that diversify from simple structures, through a kind of intermediate standard to more complex structures description. The diversity of standards Information Science area is faced with the following impasse that constitutes a research problem: how to construct appropriate and standardized representations to ensure unity and efficient retrieval of information resources? This research which belongs to information and technology line has as theme the analysis of forms of representation of information resources, in view of the changes caused by advances in ICTs in the descriptive treatment of information (DTI) with the emergence of metadata. The focus is on analysis of the theories, principles, fundamentals and tools that guide of the standardized representations development in the Information Science field. The thesis hold for this research is that the strategic integration between computing technologies and methods used in descriptive treatment of information (DTI) processes of the Science Information field consolidate the consistent and standardized construction of metadata providing a representation which ensures the unity and resources retrieval in digital information environments different. Thus, the research hypothesis is that the theories, principles, fundamentals, methods and techniques of cataloging, which are currently going through technological changes, are methodologies that guide the standardized... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This study focuses on the integrity of students at Uppsala University that has used the university’s network, UpUnet. We’ve studied their opinions with the use of questionnaires that cover questions related to privacy and awareness about logging of data traffic. The results showed that more students than our hypothesis suggested were unaware of the surveillance on the network, and the majority of these also had a negative opinion towards logging of data traffic. However, we found that there were several relations between how the students responded on our questionnaire, and we’ve presented these in the analysis chapter towards the end of the essay.

Utvecklingen och framstegen av e-handelssystem har dominerat den elektroniska handeln de senaste åren. Problem som ofta förekommer är hur säker är hanteringen av konsumentensdata, specifik när den gäller det personliga metadata som användaren genererar ifrån sig när de handlar via nätet. Många företag och organisationer investerar mycket på att utöka tjänsterna för sina konsumenter med hjälp av marknadsstrategi företag-till-kund, men de flesta verksamheter som samlar in data har lite koll gällande konsekventa handlingar som förekommer med hanteringen av den personliga integriteteten, insamlingen av de personliga metadata och det rättsliga skyddandet av just denna typ av data. Arbetet tar fram utmaningar med hur personlig metadata hanteras och hur den skulle kunna verkställas till att användningen blir mindre problematisk. Arbetet hittade att utmaningen ligger mest dels inom samordningen mellan teknik och lag. IT-experterna måste specificera på vilket sätt ska metadata samlas in, hur det ska lagras och vad ska den användas till, medan de juridiska experterna måste kvalificeras ifall metadata ska behandlas som traditionella data eller om den ska få en särskild rättsordning. Andra fynd som insamling, lagring och användning av metadata togs även fram i detta arbete. / The development and progress of the e-commerce system has dominated electronic trade in recent years. Problems that often arise are how confident is the handling of consumer data, specifically regarding the personal metadata that the user generates when shopping through the net. Many companies and organizations are investing a great deal in expanding their consumer services using market strategy Business-to-Consumer (B2C), but most collecting data have little attention to consistent documents that occur with the management of personal privacy, collection of personal metadata and the legal protection of this type of data. This paper addresses challenges with how personal metadata is handled and how it can be implemented to make the use less problematic. Survey in this paper found that the challenge lies mostly in the coordination between technology and law. IT experts must specify how metadata should be collected, how it should be stored and what should it be used for, while legal experts must qualify if metadata is to be treated as traditional data or whether it will have a specific legal system. Other findings such as the collection, storage and usage of metadata were also featured in this work.