[pt] O presente estudo descreve o uso de metáforas, de expressões da oralidade e de recursos narrativos, no telejornal brasileiro Jornal Nacional. Através da análise de sete programas, o estudo se dedica a verificar em que medida as metáforas encontradas compõem a narrativa, e em que medida estas metáforas aproximam o discurso da linguagem oral. Sugerimos uma relação sistemática entre a oralidade e a criação de intimidade e familiaridade, que dariam credibilidade ao telejornal. Este estudo também explora os recursos da narrativa que ajudam na sua coerência textual, tanto quanto na construção de um conjunto de crenças sociais, possíveis de se verificar no uso da linguagem. O estudo ainda aponta para um recurso narrativo cada vez mais comum no gênero telejornalístico, que é o cruzamento semiótico entre texto e imagem em determinados tipos de reportagens, nas quais o texto se refere a um objeto no sentido simbólico, metafórico, enquanto a imagem mostra este objeto no sentido literal, recurso discursivo que evidencia a consciência do jornalista no processo narrativo, o hibridismo com os gêneros poético e publicitário, e testemunham a ampliação de possibilidades narrativas do telejornal atual, idéia que norteia este trabalho. Ao final, apresentamos uma classificação das metáforas que poderiam ser consideradas as metáforas cotidianas do telejornal - e, portanto, da nossa vida social. / [en] This study describes the use of metaphors, oral expressions and narrative structures of the Brazilian TV news Jornal Nacional. Through the analysis of seven different news programmes, this study tries to verify in which extension the metaphors used structure the narrative and in which extension these metaphors approximate the TV speech to the oral speech. We suggest that there is a systematic relationship between the oral speech and the development of an intimacy and familiarity, which gives more credibility to the TV news. This study also explores narrative elements to show the use of the resources which help to bring textual consistency and operates in the construction of social beliefs, which can be verified in the use of the language. This research points to a narrative structure that is each time more common in the genre of television news, that is, the semiotic crossing between text and image, in specific kind of reporting, where the text refers to an object in a symbolic, metaphorical way, while the image shows this object in a literal way. This structure highlights the fact that the journalist is conscious of the narrative process; shows the mixture between poetry, advertising and journalism; and attests to the growing possibilities of narrative sources in today s TV news. That is the main idea that guides this research. At the end of the study, there is a list of the metaphors that can be considered the daily metaphors of the TV news - and therefore of our social life.

This diploma thesis deals with so-called conceptual metaphors' use in the Czech advertising discourse. The first section of the theoretical part is devoted to advertising and characteristic features of advertising. The second section concentrates on theory of metaphor and introduces readers to cognitive linguistics and one of its objects of interest, conceptual metaphor. In the practical part of the thesis are presented results of analysis concentrating on distribution of conceptual metaphors in advertising texts promoting among others drinks, food, dry goods, fashion, cars and financial products.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_om_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1633557 bytes, checksum: 299f44e7fb04ea57f97901778132d260 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Apresentamos uma pesquisa sobre um grupo de falantes de uma região rural conhecida como Dourados, no município mineiro de Patrocínio e egressos dessa região, residentes nessa cidade. O falar característico desse grupo, propagado por diversas gerações, distingue esses falantes das demais comunidades. Partimos da hipótese de que o aspecto cômico provocado pela ambigüidade nas construções realizadas por esse grupo é determinado, na maioria dos casos, pela relação metafórica e metonímica e pelos efeitos da projeção de imagens, localizando a metáfora no modo de conceptualizar um domínio mental em termos de um outro. Sem perdermos o foco da análise lingüística, dedicamos em tempo à pesquisa histórica e antropológica, para apresentar o grupo em seu contexto histórico-social. Assim, este trabalho se constitui em uma investigação de variação lingüística que, passando pela abrodagem da Teoria dos Espaços Mentais, de Fauconnier (1998), caracteriza-se como um estudo nos campos da Ling'istica Cognitiva e tem uma relação com o quadro da Sociolingüística Antropologia Lingüística. O modelo dos espaços mentaisproposto por constituem o aporte teórico para tentar explicar os processos cognitivos que se estabelecem na mente desses falantes, quando se envolvem em um evento de fala. Concluímos que a fala, aparentemente peculiar do grupo, é também apresentada em outras comunidades, pois, conforme Lakoff e Johnson (1980), a maior parte de nosso sostema conceptual é metaforicamente estruturado, ou seja, é parcialmente compreendido em termos de outros conceitos. / We present a research about a group of speakers from a rural region known as Dourados, in the city of Patrocínio, state of Minas Gerais, and also former inhabitants of this region who moved to the city mentioned. The peculiar speech of this group, propagated for various generations, distinguishes these speakers from other communities. Believing the hypothesis that the comic aspect brought by the ambiguity in the constructions produced by this group is determined in most cases, by the metaphoric and metonymic relation and by the effects of image projection, locating the metaphor in the way of conceptualizing a metal domain in terms of another. We dedicate some time to a historical and anthropological research, intending to present the group in its socio-historical context without, however, losing the focus of the linguistic analysis. Thus, this work constitutes an investigation of a linguistic variety which, going through the approach of the Mental Space Theory, of Fauconnier (1998), which is characterized as a study in the fields of Cognitive Linguistics and has a relation to Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Anthropology, as well. The model of mental spacesproposed by Fauconnier (1997, 1998) and the metaphoric mapping of Lakoff (1993) and Lakoff and Johnson (2002) will constitute our theoretical support in order to try to explain the researched community when they are involved in a speech act. Thus, we conclude that the speech, apparently peculiar of the grouop, is also presented in other linguistic communities, for according to Lakoff and Johnson (1980), a major part of our conceptual system is metaphorically structured, which means, it is partially understood in terms of other concepts.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-15Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813196_20151231.pdf: 91922 bytes, checksum: 3ac7ef023a4283959943141bc01da242 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-01-04T10:26:41Z: 000813196_20151231.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-04T10:28:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813196.pdf: 1618118 bytes, checksum: 2533941230c0be61420c1a550ffbd447 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa trata de Expressões idiomáticas (EIs) relativas ao campo lexical do vestuário, por meio de um viés multidisciplinar que relaciona Lexicologia/Lexicografia, Fraseologia e Semântica Cognitiva, esta principalmente no que se refere a metáforas e metonímias. A partir de uma visão cognitivista, com base em evidências de que muito de nossa experiência e percepção é compartilhada igualmente pelos seres humanos, acredita-se que diferentes línguas e culturas compartilham de metáforas e metonímias iguais ou semelhantes. Por essa razão, objetiva-se, com esta pesquisa, analisar contrastivamente as metáforas e/ou metonímias subjacentes às EIs italianas e a seus correspondentes tradutórios em língua portuguesa (PB), para averiguar em que medida essa premissa se confirma. Baseamo-nos fundamentalmente em Zuluaga (1980), Lakoff e Johnson (1980; 2002), Gibbs (1994), Tonfoni e Turbinati (1995), Corpas Pastor (1996), Jorge (1997, 2001), Xatara (1998), Kövecses (2005, 2010) e Malho (2010). Foram selecionadas, em dicionários monolíngues, aproximadamente 160 Expressões Idiomáticas italianas provenientes de 49 lexias relacionadas ao vestuário, elaboradas suas definições, coletados exemplos de uso na web e, a partir disso, realizada a análise dos tipos de equivalência e a investigação das possíveis motivações que lhes deram origem. Como produto final do nosso estudo, foi elaborado um repertório lexicográfico de EIs relativas à indumentária que pode ser útil para suprir lacunas nos idiomas italiano e português, no que tange a materiais bilíngues de EIs. Além disso, a hipótese teórica inicialmente levantada se confirmou em grande medida / This research focuses on Idioms related to the clothing lexical field, with a multidisciplinary feature, which interrelate Lexicology/Lexicography, Phraseology and Cognitive Semantics, the latter especially when it is related to conceptual metaphors and metonymies. From a cognitivist view, based on the evidence that most of our experience and perception is shared by all human beings, it is believed that different languages and cultures may share same or similar metaphors and metonymies. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to conduct a contrastive analysis between metaphors and metonymies that underlie Italian Idioms and their translational correspondents in Portuguese, to investigate to what extent this premise may be confirmed. This inquiry is primarily based on Zuluaga (1980), Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 2002), Gibbs (1994), Tonfoni and Turbinati (1995), Corpas Pastor (1996), George (1997, 2001), Xatara (1998), Kövecses (2005, 2010) and Malho (2010). Approximately 160 Italian idioms derived from 49 lexical items related to clothing. They were selected from Italian monolingual dictionaries, furthermore their definitions were provided and usage examples were collected from web. After that, an analysis of types of equivalence as well as an investigation of possible motivations that gave rise to them were performed. As a final product of our study, an inventory of clothing-related idioms was produced which intends to fill some gaps in Italian and Portuguese languages in regard to bilingual material on idioms. On this basis, initial theoretical hypothesis was confirmed

This thesis focuses on the image of "hlava" (head) in the Czech linguistic picture of the world. It is based on theories and methods of cognitive linguistics. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the structure of the meaning of the word hlava. The paper by I. Vaňková and V. Vitkovskaya was used as a methodological and theoretical starting point. In that paper four semantic profiles of "hlava" are defined. The results of Vaňková and Vitkovskaya were compared with the findings of our research. We try to find out, whether the mentioned profiles are valid on a larger linguistic material, too. Two types of data are analysed - systemic data (especially phraseology, then also etymology of the word, derivatives, compounds and synonyms) and corpus materials (from Czech National Corpus). Then, we also compare the differences in the findings between systemic and textual (corpus) data. Finally, all results are summarized in the cognitive definition of hlava.

[pt] Durante muito tempo as palavras utilizadas para referir-se a oriente e ocidente foram exótico, civilizado, arcaico ou desenvolvido. Isso porque as imagens atribuídas a ambos eram de atrasado x avançado como o pseudo antagonismo entre mito e logos. No entanto, a falência do discurso cartesiano de verdade, como narrativa organizadora do cenário contemporâneo, abre espaço para uma nova abordagem do mito como parte atuante na leitura do mundo. Nesta tese nos propomos a utilizar a recuperação do mito através da metáfora ainda presente no discurso filosófico feita por Hans Blumenberg, e fazer um paralelo com a recuperação da metáfora feita por Paul Ricoeur para um approach entre oriente e ocidente pelo viés da literatura midiatizada que identificamos na obra do renomado diretor japonês de animação Hayao Miyazaki. / [en] For a long time the words used to refer to East and West were exotic, civilized, archaic or developed. That s because the images assigned to both were backward vs. advanced as well as the pseudo antagonism between myth and logos. However, the failure of the Cartesian discourse of truth as a structuring ordering narrative of the contemporary world opens a door to a new approach to myth as an active part in the reading of the world. This thesis proposes to use the restoration of the myth through metaphor as in Hans Blumberg s philosophical work and to form a parallel with Paul Ricouer s restoration of the metaphor, employing this method as an approach between East and West to delve into the work based on the literary world of renowned Japanese animation director Hayao Miyazaki.

Presented thesis explores the ground at the intersection of three topics: education, relational thinking and economics. Within the sphere of economic education it investigates the use of concepts known from (i) conceptual metaphor theory, (ii) psychological model of analogical reasoning, (iii) model of generative learning from educational psychology and (iv) existing research on use of metaphors and analogies in natural sciences education. Thesis shows the potential of metaphorical origin of economic terminology for teaching economic concepts and educational use of economic media content. At the same time it proposes a notation for visualizing metaphorical mappings between domains. It addresses economic interpretation from the viewpoint of the relationship between theoretical economic models and actual economic situations, as well as from the viewpoint of the relationship between mathematical structure of the model and its economic meaning. In the first case, it shows interpretative skill, being framed within the revised Bloom taxonomy, as a complex cognitive task, in the second case it develops model of economic interpretation of mathematical structures on the basis of psychological model of analogical reasoning. In both cases it formulates highlights students should know about the analogical nature of economic models. On the basis of the model of generative learning it develops a set of visual methaphors applicable in the introductory topics of microeconomics and macroeconomics and examines effects of their use in the classes of economics. By undertaking such research it initiates the exploration of paths leading in the directions suggested by the theoretical analysis.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra výtvarné výchovy Téma diplomové práce ČLOVĚK A KŮŇ (Jiný přítel) Jana Peštová 7. ročník Učitelství výtvarné výchovy pro ZŠ, SŠ a ZUŠ Prezenční studium Vedoucí diplomové práce: Doc. ak. mal. Jiří Kornatovský Konzultant: Doc. PhDr. Marie Fulková, Ph.D. Doc. PhDr. Jaroslav Bláha, Ph.D. Korektury: Mgr. Zuzana Hrubá Praha, červen 2012 CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of art education Master thesis: MAN AND HORSE (Another friend) Jana Peštová 7th year full-time studies Art education for Elementary school, Hight school and School of Arts Supervisor: Doc. ak. mal. Jiří Kornatovský Consultant: Doc. PhDr. Marie Fulková, Ph.D. Doc. PhDr. Jaroslav Bláha, Ph.D. Proofreading: : Mgr. Zuzana Hrubá Prague , June 2012 Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci zpracovala samostatně a uvedla jsem veškeré použité zdroje. Práce byla prověřena systémem na kontrolu plagiátorství dostupném na www.odevzdej.cz. Praha, červen 2012 ............................................... Poděkování: Za podnětné nápady při zpracovávání práce děkuji Doc. ak. mal. Jiřímu Kornatovskému, Doc. PhDr. Marii Fulkové, Ph.D. a Doc. PhDr. Jaroslavu Bláhovi, Ph.D. Za korektury textu děkuji Mgr. Zuzaně Hrubé. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: kůň, člověk, sebereflexe, kvalita, zkušenost, forma,...

This thesis focuses on methodological possibilities of language as a basis for history of sociology. Current professional history of sociology takes predominantly the form of institutional studies characterized by an attention to social context of knowledge production. Language orientation provides an unutilized opportunity for intellectual history - a supposedly stale alternative of institutional tradition. Development of language-based history creates a methodological position close to approaches common in history of natural sciences. Critical analysis of metaphor studies in sociology serves as an example of risks and challenges of language focus which assists us with articulation of our own methodological position. Following studies of Ladislav Kvasz, historian of natural sciences, the thesis offers methodological apparatus adapted to sociology. Key feature of the presented tool is a capability to distinguish between three levels of language of sociological theory: data, models and theory. These levels differ in functions which they ascribe to corresponding language elements and rising language powers (to constitute new objects and to integrate the ones positioned below). Application of our method is illustrated by two examples. Cursory excursion into history of mathematics in sociology...

This thesis deals with metaphors in the conception of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. Metaphor is one of the fundamental principles anchored in our conceptual system and in our relationship to the world. Metaphors reveal how the world is saved in our language. This thesis illustrates a method of forming metaphors on the example of advertisements. It closely focuses on the cultural differences.