Denna studie har som mål att undersöka hur produktplaceringar i spelet Metal Gear Solid 4 kan ha för roll i narrativet, vad dessa tillför spelet och vilken roll de har för karaktärerna i berättelsen. Studien undersöker även om dessa produktplaceringar visas på ett sätt som förstärker produktens eller varumärkets status men även för att se om stereotyper nyttjas för att upphöja deras effekt. Denna studie bygger på en kvalitativ textanalys med semiotiska och narrativa inslag där jag tillsammans med valda teorier om bland annat narratologi och produktplacering kommer att svara på uppsatsens frågeställning: Hur används och integrerar varumärken/produkterna med narrativet och karaktärerna i Metal Gear Solid 4?  Resultatet visar att de produkter och varumärken som finns med i spelet har varit viktiga för både narrativet och karaktärerna. Dessa produktplaceringar har bland annat gjort spelets berättelse och dess karaktärer mer verkliga då de har hjälpt att skapa en länk mellan fiktion och verklighet. Produkterna har spelat en stor roll i narrativets story och händelseförlopp då de har varit viktiga instrument som har underlättat spelandet och fört narrativet framåt samtidigt som de har använts av spelets karaktärer och gjort det möjligt för dem att kunna uppnå det slutgiltiga målet i narrativet, vilket är som många andra berättelser idag, världsfred.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-09-13T13:02:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 10.0 Dissertacao Marcus versão capa dura grafica.pdf: 3865626 bytes, checksum: 00a67b3c3927294773bf9cbc39ed245e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T13:02:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 10.0 Dissertacao Marcus versão capa dura grafica.pdf: 3865626 bytes, checksum: 00a67b3c3927294773bf9cbc39ed245e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The present proposal aims to recognize game mechanics as a new field of interactivity exploration in videogames, specifically in the work of Japanese designer Hideo Kojima. The game mechanics present in the director's work form ecosystemic and communicational relationships that occur during the moment of the player's interaction with the electronic games of the Metal Gear series. This transdisciplinary analysis will be carried out from an understanding of the game as a product of its semiosis, that is, how the action of the signs involved in the evaluated object make sense during the moment of interaction. The theoretical basis is provided by the semiotic view of communication and culture, sought in authors such as Charles S. Peirce, Iuri Lotman and in the work of Irene Machado, using semiotic concepts of code, modeling systems and Semiosphere. The research proposes a qualitative methodological approach involving an exploratory research of the themes related to videogames, through a participant observation where the separation between the author and the object is not considered, thus realizing an exploration of the virtual environments related to the signic aspects of the work Metal Gear Solid, 1998. The work brings as contribution the vision of the game mechanics not only as a field of study of the technique of development of electronic games, but as a field of interest of the human culture, through a qualified exploration of the mechanics involved During selected gameplay sections of the game, through a semiotic discrimination of their sign codes. Another result obtained was a possibility of identification and visualization of a proposal for a communicational ecosystem of the games, based on the analyzed work, that puts into communication the modeling systems, codes systems and exchange relations observed in the semiosphere of which the game is part. The observations made lead to the visualization of a cultural environment where the games have their own language that reflects the learning and differentiated communication of those who participate in this ecosystem. / A presente proposta tem como objetivo reconhecer mecânicas de jogo como um novo campo de exploração da interatividade nos videogames, especificamente na obra do designer japonês Hideo Kojima. As mecânicas de jogo presentes na obra do diretor formam relações ecossistêmicas e comunicacionais que ocorrem durante o momento da interação do jogador com os jogos eletrônicos da série Metal Gear. Esta análise transdisciplinar será realizada a partir de um entendimento do jogo como produto de sua semiose, isto é, como a ação dos signos envolvidos no objeto avaliado produzem sentido durante o momento da interação. A fundamentação teórica é proporcionada pela visão semiótica da comunicação e cultura, buscada em autores como Charles S. Peirce, Iuri Lotman e no trabalho de Irene Machado, empregando os conceitos semióticos de código, sistemas modelizantes e Semiosfera. A pesquisa propõe uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa envolvendo uma pesquisa exploratória dos temas ligados aos videogames, por meio de uma observação participante onde não é considerada a separação entre o autor e o objeto, realizando assim uma exploração dos ambientes virtuais ligados aos aspectos sígnicos da obra Metal Gear Solid, de 1998. O trabalho traz como contribuição a visão das mecânicas de jogo não somente como um campo de estudo da técnica de desenvolvimento de jogos eletrônicos, mas como um campo de interesse da cultura humana, através de uma exploração qualificada das mecânicas envolvidas durante seções de gameplay selecionadas do jogo, por meio de uma discriminação semiótica de seus códigos de signos. Outro resultado obtido foi uma possibilidade de identificação e visualização de uma proposta para um ecossistema comunicacional dos games, baseado na obra analisada, que coloca em comunicação os sistemas modelizantes, sistemas de códigos e relações de troca observados na semiosfera da qual o jogo faz parte. As observações realizadas levam à visualização de um ambiente cultural onde os games possuem uma linguagem própria que reflete o aprendizado e comunicação diferenciada de quem participa desse ecossistema.

Ce mémoire analysera les différents procédés de transmission à l'oeuvre dans Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (2015) et Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (2014) afin de saisir l'ensemble de la vision auctoriale du réalisateur de la série Metal Gear Solid, Hideo Kojima, ce qui nous permettra dans un second temps de comprendre la signification du réseau communicationnel rhizomatique qui précède et accompagne ces jeux vidéo. Ma recherche sera ainsi divisée en trois sections. La première section s'intéressera à la publicité entourant les deux volets de Metal Gear Solid V, laquelle sera étudiée en tant que signe social. La deuxième section présentera une analyse scénaristique dans laquelle il sera question des inspirations historiques et intermédiales qui contribuent à former l'univers narratif de notre corpus. La troisième section sera une analyse du modèle interactif de Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes et de Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain. Il y sera question de l'avantage parfois insoupçonné de l'encadrement de systèmes logiques vidéoludiques afin d'influencer le joueur à abandonner ou à adopter de nouvelles perspectives sociopolitiques. Ce mémoire démontrera comment Metal Gear Solid V utilise et unit un maximum de méthodes de transmission afin de convaincre son public de se laisser séduire par son message auctorial, ce qui servira finalement à prouver le potentiel rhétorique d'une union songée du paratexte et du contenu d’une œuvre vidéoludique. / This memoir will analyse the different processes of transmission used in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (2015) and Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (2014) in order to grasp the whole auctorial vision of the Metal Gear Solid series director, Hideo Kojima, which will in turn allow us to understand the meaning of the rhizomatic communicational network that precedes or accompanies these video games. My research will be divided in three sections. The first section will focus on the publicity (and therefore social signs) that surrounds the two parts of Metal Gear Solid V. The second section will present a story analysis where historical and intermedial inspirations of both games will be discussed. The third section will analyse the interactive model of Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain. That chapter will focus on the often unsuspected advantages of the logical videoludic systems as means to influence the player to abandon or to adopt new sociopolitical perspectives. This memoir will decompose how Metal Gear Solid V uses and unites a maximum of transmission methods to persuade its public to give in to its auctorial message, which will hopefully demonstrate the rhetorical potential of a thoughtful union of paratext and content within videoludic works.

This thesis broadens the discussion surrounding the fourth wall and immersion in games; the hypothesis being that there are more ways to manipulate the fourth wall other than breaking it, and that manipulation of the fourth wall does not necessarily break immersion. Four types of fourth wall manipulation have been labeled in this body of work: breaking, expansion, contraction, and grazing. Expansion and contraction derive from Simon Conway (2010), with minor augmentations to the contraction category having been made by this thesis. The term breaking has been narrowed down and specified while grazing was invented for this particular study. The aim is to update terminology surrounding the fourth wall to introduce it as a narrative tool for game designers, where the tool can be used in different ways that underline the narrative experience that designers want to convey. The study was done by a close reading of the games Metal Gear Solid and NieR: Automata, but references other games relevant to the different types of manipulation. The results show that the identified instances of fourth wall manipulation within the two focus games can all fit in the proposed updated terminology, with some instances elevating the play experience.

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