No description available.

No description available.

A faringite estreptocócica desencadeada pelo Streptococcus pyogenes pode resultar em uma série de doenças humanas e complicações como a febre reumática (FR) em indivíduos predispostos não tratados. A FR é uma doença autoimune que afeta mais de 20 milhões de crianças em países em desenvolvimento. A proteína M presente na membrana do S. pyogenes representa o maior fator de virulência da bactéria, e é objetivo de estudos para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra essa patologia. Atualmente mais de 200 tipos de proteínas M foram descritos na literatura e a sua porção Cterminal é conservada entre os diferentes tipos. Desenvolvemos um protótipo de vacina que compreende 55 resíduos de aminoácido da porção C-terminal, denominado StreptInCor. Neste trabalho analisamos a resposta humoral e celular específica contra o peptídeo sintético StreptInCor, usando camundongos transgênicos portadores de HLA de classe II humanos DR2, DR4, DQ6 e DQ8. O protocolo de imunização consistiu em administrar 50 g do StreptInCor adsorvido em 300 g de hidróxido de alumínio nos dias 0 e 14. Os grupos controles foram injetados com salina nas mesmas condições. O soro obtido no 28º dia foi testado por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) para verificarmos a presença de anticorpos contra o StreptInCor e os esplenócitos destes animais, obtidos nessa data, foram utilizados para ensaios de proliferação celular na presença do StreptInCor. Testes de segurança foram efetuados e não observamos reação cruzada contra a miosina cardíaca e após 12 meses de acompanhamento, amostras de tecidos desses animais foram submetidas à análise histológica. Em conclusão não verificamos indícios de reações autoimunes nos animais imunizados com o StreptInCor e os resultados obtidos mostram a capacidade do StreptInCor em desencadear uma resposta imune, duradoura e segura em camundongos portadores de moléculas HLA de classe II / Streptococcal pharyngitis triggered by Streptococcus pyogenes throat infection can result in rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in untreated susceptible individuals. RF is an autoimmune disease that affects more than 20 million children in developing countries. M protein is the major factor of virulence of the bacteria, and it has been studied to develop a vaccine. Currently more than 200 M protein types have been described and its Cterminal domain is conserved in many different serotypes. We developed a vaccine epitope (StreptInCor) composed by 55 amino acid residues of the Cterminal portion of the M protein. In the present work we analyze the ability of the StreptInCor of induce immune response in HLA class II transgenic mice. The transgenic mice harboring the HLA Class II DR2, DR4, DQ6 and DQ8 were immunized subcutaneously with 50 g StreptInCor adsorbed onto 300 g of aluminum hydroxide gel on days 0 and 14. Control groups were immunized with vehicle (Saline) in same conditions. The sera were obtained on day 28 and tested by ELISA to verify the presence of antibodies. The specific cellular immune response was evaluated by proliferation assay using splenocytes. No cross reaction with cardiac myosin were observed. Tissue samples from immunized mice followed by 12 months were analyzed in order to verify if StreptInCor induces some histological damage. No autoimmune or deleterious reactions were observed. In conclusion our results indicate that StreptInCor Induces a good and prolonged and safe immune response in HLA class II transgenic mice

Immune genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) constitute a central component of the adaptive immune system and play an essential role in parasite resistance and associated life-history strategies. In addition to pathogen-mediated selection also sexual selection mechanisms have been identified as the main drivers of the typically-observed high levels of polymorphism in functionally important parts of the MHC. The recognition of the individual MHC constitution is presumed to be mediated through olfactory cues. Indeed, MHC genes are in physical linkage with olfactory receptor genes and alter the individual body odour. Moreover, they are expressed on sperm and trophoplast cells. Thus, MHC-mediated sexual selection processes might not only act in direct mate choice decisions, but also through cryptic processes during reproduction. Bats (Chiroptera) represent the second largest mammalian order and have been identified as important vectors of newly emerging infectious diseases affecting humans and wildlife. In addition, they are interesting study subjects in evolutionary ecology in the context of olfactory communication, mate choice and associated fitness benefits. Thus, it is surprising that Chiroptera belong to the least studied mammalian taxa in terms of their MHC evolution. In my doctoral thesis I aimed to gain insights in the evolution and diversity pattern of functional MHC genes in some of the major New World bat families by establishing species-specific primers through genome-walking into unknown flanking parts of familiar sites. Further, I took a free-ranging population of the lesser bulldog bat (Noctilio albiventris) in Panama as an example to understand the functional importance of the individual MHC constitution in parasite resistance and reproduction as well as the possible underlying selective forces shaping the observed diversity. My studies indicated that the typical MHC characteristics observed in other mammalian orders, like evidence for balancing and positive selection as well as recombination and gene conversion events, are also present in bats shaping their MHC diversity. I found a wide range of copy number variation of expressed DRB loci in the investigated species. In Saccopteryx bilineata, a species with a highly developed olfactory communication system, I found an exceptionally high number of MHC loci duplications generating high levels of variability at the individual level, which has never been described for any other mammalian species so far. My studies included for the first time phylogenetic relationships of MHC genes in bats and I found signs for a family-specific independent mode of evolution of duplicated genes, regardless whether the highly variable exon 2 (coding for the antigen binding region of the molecule) or more conserved exons (3, 4; encoding protein stabilizing parts) were considered indicating a monophyletic origin of duplicated loci within families. This result questions the general assumed pattern of MHC evolution in mammals where duplicated genes of different families usually cluster together suggesting that duplication occurred before speciation took place, which implies a trans-species mode of evolution. However, I found a trans-species mode of evolution within genera (Noctilio, Myotis) based on exon 2 signified by an intermingled clustering of DRB alleles. The gained knowledge on MHC sequence evolution in major New World bat families will facilitate future MHC investigations in this order. In the N. albiventris study population, the single expressed MHC class II DRB gene showed high sequence polymorphism, moderate allelic variability and high levels of population-wide heterozygosity. Whereas demographic processes had minor relevance in shaping the diversity pattern, I found clear evidence for parasite-mediated selection. This was evident by historical positive Darwinian selection maintaining diversity in the functionally important antigen binding sites, and by specific MHC alleles which were associated with low and high ectoparasite burden according to predictions of the ‘frequency dependent selection hypothesis’. Parasite resistance has been suggested to play an important role in mediating costly life history trade-offs leading to e.g. MHC- mediated benefits in sexual selection. The ‘good genes model’ predicts that males with a genetically well-adapted immune system in defending harmful parasites have the ability to allocate more resources to reproductive effort. I found support for this prediction since non-reproductive adult N. albiventris males carried more often an allele associated with high parasite loads, which differentiated them genetically from reproductively active males as well as from subadults, indicating a reduced transmission of this allele in subsequent generations. In addition, they suffered from increased ectoparasite burden which presumably reduced resources to invest in reproduction. Another sign for sexual selection was the observation of gender-specific difference in heterozygosity, with females showing lower levels of heterozygosity than males. This signifies that the sexes differ in their selection pressures, presumably through MHC-mediated molecular processes during reproduction resulting in a male specific heterozygosity advantage. My data make clear that parasite-mediated selection and sexual selection are interactive and operate together to form diversity at the MHC. Furthermore, my thesis is one of the rare studies contributing to fill the gap between MHC-mediated effects on co-evolutionary processes in parasite-host-interactions and on aspects of life-history evolution. / Innerhalb des adaptiven Immunsystems spielen die Gene des MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) eine zentrale Rolle. Neben ihrer Funktion für die körpereigene Parasitenabwehr haben sie auch einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf damit verbundene ‚life-history’ Strategien. Typischerweise sind die funktional für die Pathogenerkennung wichtigen Genabschnitte hoch variabel, was evolutiv nicht nur durch die Vielfalt der Pathogene bedingt ist, sondern im Zuge der sexuellen Selektion durch entsprechende Partnerwahl gefördert wird. Dabei wird die individuelle MHC-Konstitution sehr wahrscheinlich über körpereigene Duftstoffe vermittelt, denn MHC Gene bestimmen nicht nur den individuellen Körpergeruch, sondern liegen in chromosomaler Kopplung mit olfaktorischen Rezeptorgenen. Außerdem werden sie auch auf Sperma- und Trophoplastenzellen exprimiert, so dass MHC-bedingte sexuelle Selektionsmechanismen nicht nur über die direkte Partnerwahl, sondern auch durch kryptische Mechanismen während der Fortpflanzung wirken können. Fledermäuse und Flughunde (Chiroptera) bilden die zweitgrößte Säugetiergruppe und gelten als wichtiges Reservoir und Überträger für den Menschen und andere Wildtiere hoch infektiöser Krankheiten. Innerhalb der evolutionären Ökologie sind sie außerdem auf Grund ihrer z.T. komplexen olfaktorischen Kommunikation während der Partner-wahl und den damit verbundenen fitness relevanten Vorteilen interessante Forschungsobjekte. In Anbetracht dessen ist es erstaunlich, dass bisher so gut wie nichts über den MHC in dieser Säugergruppe bekannt ist. Das Ziel meiner Dissertation war es, zum einen Einblicke in die Evolution und Diversität funktional wichtiger MHC Gene (MHC Klasse II DRB) bei Fledermäusen zu erhalten, und zum anderen zu untersuchen, inwieweit die individuelle MHC-Konstitution am Beispiel der kleinen Hasenmaulfledermaus (Noctilio albiventris) einen Einfluss auf Parasitenresistenz und Fortpflanzung hat und welche Selektionsmechanismen dabei für das entstandene genetische Diversitätsmuster verantwortlich sind. Meine Arbeit zeigt, dass Prozesse, die bei anderen Vertebratenordnungen das Diversitätsmuster am MHC hervorrufen, wie balancierende und positive Selektion, Rekombination und Genkonversion ebenfalls für Fledermäuse zutreffen. In der Anzahl exprimierter DRB loci unterscheiden sich die untersuchten Fledermausarten allerdings beträchtlich. Bemerkenswert ist die extrem hohe Anzahl DRB loci bei Saccopteryx bilineata, die in dieser Ausprägung noch bei keiner anderen Säugetierart beschrieben wurde, einer Fledermaus mit einem hoch entwickelten olfaktorischen Kommunikations-system. Die hier erstmals durchgeführten phylogenetischen Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich anders als für die meisten anderen Säugetiergruppen beschrieben, die duplizierten DRB Loci unabhängig voneinander entwickelt haben. Dieser mono-phyletische Ursprung duplizierter Loci innerhalb von Fledermausfamilien bestätigte sich für alle Bereiche des Genes: dem hochvariablen Exon 2, das für den funktional entscheidenden Pathogen-bindenden Bereich des Proteins kodiert, sowie für Exon 3 und 4, die für die Molekülstruktur erhaltende Bereiche des Proteins kodieren. Innerhalb der Gattungen (Noctilio, Myotis), basierend auf Exon 2, fand ich das für andere Säugergruppen typische Bild eines ‚trans-species polymorphism’, bei dem MHC-Allele von verschiedenen Arten sich untereinander ähnlicher sein können als Allele der gleichen Art. Meine Ergebnisse sind ein wichtiger Beitrag zum Verständnis der MHC Evolution in der Gruppe der Fledermäuse und liefern hilfreiche Kenntnisse für zukünftige Studien zum MHC in dieser Säugetierordnung. Meine Studien an einer frei lebenden Population der kleinen Hasenmaulfledermaus zeigten dass der exprimierte DRB Locus typische Anzeichen pathogenbedingter aber auch sexueller Selektionsmechanismen zeigt. Ich fand eine ausgeprägte populations-weite Heterozygotie, positive darwinsche Selektion, die den Polymorphismus in Codons die direkt an der Pathogenerkennung beteiligt sind erhält, sowie spezifische Allele die entweder mit einer erhöhten oder einer geringen Parasitenbelastung einhergehen, entsprechend den Annahmen der ‚Frequenz-abhängigen Selektions-Hypothese’. Die individuelle Parasitenresistenz gilt als ein wichtiger Faktor um ressourceabhängige ‚life-history’ Strategien auszuloten. Vor allem Männchen mit einem effektiven Immunsystem, sollten mehr Energien für die Fortpflanzung zur Verfügung haben (‚good-genes model’). Meine Daten bestätigen diese Annahme, Männchen die stärker parasitisiert waren, waren weniger häufig reproduktiv aktiv und trugen häufiger ein DRB-Allele das mit erhöhter Parasitenbelastung einherging. Genetisch unterschieden sie sich darin nicht nur von den reproduktiv aktiven Männchen der Population sondern auch von den Jungtieren. Die Jungtiere trugen zudem häufiger ein für die Parasitenabwehr vorteilhaftes Allel. Die Ergebnisse zeigen dass die individuelle MHC-Konstitution einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Einfluss auch auf den Reproduktionserfolg eines Männchens haben kann und vorteilhafte Allele sich bereits in nachfolgenden Generationen durchsetzen. Meine Doktorarbeit gehört damit zu einer der seltenen Studien, die nicht nur zeigen konnte inwieweit der MHC an co-evolutionären Prozessen der Parasit-Wirt-Interaktion beteiligt ist, sondern dass er darüber hinaus auch direkt für die individuelle ‚life-history’ Entwicklung von Bedeutung ist.

No description available.

No description available.

Toxoplasma gondii ist ein obligat intrazellulär lebender einzelliger Parasit, der sich durch ein breites Wirtsspektrum sowie lebenslang persistierende Infektionen bei Menschen und Tieren auszeichnet. T. gondii hat für ein langfristiges Überleben unterschiedliche Mechanismen entwickelt, die ein Gleichgewicht zwischen der Pathogenität des Erregers und der intakten Immunabwehr des Wirtes gewährleisten. In diesem Kontext stellt die Modulation von Signalwegen der Wirtszelle eine wichtige Überlebensstrategie von Toxoplasmen dar. Frühere Arbeiten mit murinen Monozyten haben gezeigt, dass T. gondii die Expression von MHC-Klasse-II-Molekülen auf der Oberfläche infizierter Wirtszellen hemmt und dadurch eine effektive Antigenpräsentation an T-Helfer-Lymphozyten verhindert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es herauszufinden, inwieweit Toxoplasma gondii auch die Interferon-γ-induzierte MHC-Expression von Monozyten des Menschen vermindert. Analysen mittels Immunfluoreszenzfärbung und Durchflusszytometrie zeigten, dass sowohl primäre, aus PBMC des Menschen isolierte Monozyten als auch permanente humane Monozyten (THP-1) durch eine Infektion mit T. gondii in der Expression von HLA-A, -B, -C und HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ signifikant gehemmt werden. Das Ausmaß der Inhibition ist dabei von der Infektionsdosis des Parasiten abhängig und betrifft sowohl die HLA-Expression auf der Zelloberfläche als auch den intrazellulären HLA-Pool. Interessanterweise kann dieser Effekt auch durch hohe Konzentrationen des stimulierenden Zytokins Interferon-γ nicht aufgehoben werden. Es zeigt sich außerdem eine signifikant reduzierte Expression von HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ bei Parasit-negativen Zellen einer T. gondii-infizierten Kultur, was möglicherweise durch sezernierte Proteine des Parasiten oder durch die Produktion hemmender Zytokine durch infizierte Wirtszellen begründet sein kann. Die HLA-Expression in in vitro-infizierten und nicht-infizierten primären Monozyten wurde darüberhinaus zwischen T. gondii-negativen Individuen und Spendern mit chronischer Toxoplasmose verglichen. Chronisch mit T. gondii infizierte Blutspender wurden serologisch anhand von spezifischen IgG-Antikörpern identifiziert. Durchflusszytometrische Analysen zeigten, dass Monozyten aus chronisch mit T. gondii infizierten Blut-Spendern signifikant mehr HLA-A, -B, -C und HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ exprimieren als Monozyten aus Toxoplasma-negativen Spendern. Eine Erklärung für diese gesteigerte MHC-Expression könnte eine Dominanz bestimmter Monozyten-Subpopulationen in Abhängigkeit vom Infektionsstatus ihres Spenders sein. Die Expression von HLA-A, -B, -C und HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ wird jedoch sowohl bei Monozyten von T. gondii-positiven als auch nicht-infizierten Individuen durch eine Infektion mit Toxoplasmen in vitro signifikant inhibiert. Analysen mit Hilfe von RT-qPCR zeigten deutlich, dass T. gondii mit der HLA-DR-, -DP-, -DQ-Expressions-Kaskade interferiert und die Synthese der Transkripte von IRF-1 und CIITA dosisabhängig inhibiert. Außerdem sind die Transskripte für HLA-A und HLA-DRα in infizierten Monozyten deutlich reduziert. Dies legt die Annahme nahe, dass T. gondii die Aktivierung von STAT1-abhängigen Promotoren effektiv inhibiert und so die Synthese der sich anschließenden HLA-Expressionskaskade supprimiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit eröffnen interessante Ansätze für weitere Untersuchungen, insbesondere eine genauere Charakterisierung von Monozyten-Subpopulationen bei T. gondii-positiven Individuen sowie die Erforschung einer möglicherweise gesteigerten Immunreaktivität gegen andere Infektionserreger im Rahmen einer chronischen Toxoplasmose.

Ulm, Univ., Diss., 2008.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA11MA074.pdf: 600385 bytes, checksum: a494ebf1016e78409c7b3c6a97f69783 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / The Brazilian caipira chickens egg blue are the result of random mating between different chicken breeds found in Brazil with chickens Araucania, giving rise to Brazilian caipira chicken with characteristic blue eggs. It stands out for its hardiness, disease resistance. And d adverse weather conditions and diet. The disease resistance is related to genetic variability of immune system genes. The immune response of chickens to pathogens is triggered from the presentation of antigens of the effect or cells of the immune system. This action is made by antigen-present cells (B cells, macrophages and a small percentage of T cells) animals that have surface molecules (glycoprotein) in wich these antigens are complexes. These glycoproteins presenting antigens, molecules called Major Histocompatibility Comples (MHC or B complex) can be class I or II. The class II, which present exogenous antigens, are composed of two polypeptide chains, an α chain and a ß chain. The chain is monomorphic α chain and ß is very polymorphic and is considered responsible for encoding different MHC class II molecules inn chickens. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability of two gene loci of the MHC class II, B-LßI and B-LßII in caipiras chickens Brazilian blue eggs by obtaining sequences of these two genes and thus detect B-Lß existing alleles for these genes in these birds. This work was initially developed with DNA samples from 100 caipiras chickens blue eggs that were amplified from the region of interest and analyzed. From this analysis, the animals were grouped according to the sequence of exon2. Then, 16 animals were (with at least one representative from each group) for the reaction of DNA amplification, cloning and sequencing. The sample were submitted to the initiators of the genes B-LßII. Of these 16 birds were obtained 15 different sequences that were aligned to the standard sequence the B-LB12major (AJ248676) for BLßII and B-LB12c (AJ248578) to B-LßI, being eleven sequences B-LßII and B-LßI four sequences. Of these eleven sequences of the gene B-LßII seven were already described in the literature and four sequences of the gene B-LßII seven were already described in the literature and four sequences are new is not described, the other four sequences of the gene B-LßI three had already been described in the literature and a new . The 15 nucleotide sequences were transformed into sequences of amino acids. In the amino acid sequences of the gene was observed that B-LßI remains much more conserved than gene B-LßII. Thus this paper presents the genetic variability at both the DNA and polypeptide chain, genes B-LßII caipira chickens in Brazil s blue eggs / As galinhas caipiras brasileiras de ovos azuis são o resultado de cruzamentos aleatórios entre diversas raças de galinhas encontradas no Brasil com galinhas Araucanas, dando origem a uma galinha caipira brasileira com característica de ovos azuis. Destaca-se pela sua rusticidade, resistência a doenças e as condições adversas de clima e alimentação. A resistência a doenças esta relacionada à variabilidade genética dos genes do sistema imune. A resposta imune das galinhas a patógenos é desencadeada a partir da apresentação de antígenos as células efetoras do sistema imune. Esta ação é feita pelas células apresentadoras de antígenos (células B, macrófagos e uma pequena porcentagem de células T) dos animais que possuem moléculas de superfície (glicoproteínas) na qual são complexados estes antígenos. Estas glicoproteínas apresentadoras de antígenos, chamadas de moléculas do Complexo Maior de Histocompatibilidade (MHC ou Complexo B), podem ser de classe I ou de classe II. As de classe II, que apresentam antígenos exógenos, são formadas por duas cadeias polipeptídicas, uma cadeia α e uma cadeia β. A cadeia α é monomorfica e a cadeia β é bem polimórfica, e é considerada a responsável por codificar diferentes moléculas MHC classe II em galinhas. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a variabilidade genética em dois loci gênicos do MHC de classe II, B-LI e B-LII, em galinhas caipiras brasileiras de ovos azuis através da obtenção das sequências destes dois genes B-L e assim detectar os alelos existentes para estes genes nestas aves. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido inicialmente com amostras de DNA de 100 galinhas caipiras de ovos azuis que foram amplificadas para a região de interesse e analisadas. A partir desta análise, os animais foram agrupados de acordo com a sequência do exon 2. Depois, 16 animais foram selecionados (com pelo menos um representante de cada grupo) para a reação de amplificação do DNA, clonagem e sequenciamento. As amostras foram submetidas aos iniciadores dos genes B-LβI e B-LβII. Destas 16 aves obteve-se 15 diferentes sequências que foram alinhadas a sequência padrão B-LB12major (AJ248576) para o B-LβII e B-LB12c (AJ248578) para o B-LβI, sendo onze sequências B-LβII e quatro sequências B-LβI. Destas onze sequências do gene B-LβII sete já estavam descritas na literatura e quatro são sequências novas ainda não descritas, das outras quatro sequências do gene B-LβI três já haviam sido descritas na literatura e uma nova . As 15 sequências nucleotídicas encontradas foram deduzidas em sequências de aminoácidos. Nas sequências de aminoácidos foi observado que o gene B-LβI se mantém bem mais conservado do que o gene B-LβII. Assim, este trabalho apresenta a variabilidade genética dos genes B-LβI e BLβII tanto em nível de DNA quanto de cadeia polipeptídica, em galinhas caipiras brasileiras de ovos azuis

Successful pregnancy is related to Th2 immune response profile, including molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, Toxoplasma gondii infection induces Th1 immune response that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. To investigate the influence of MHC haplotype in pregnancy outcome in T. gondii-infected animals, congenic mice, C57BL/KsJ and CB10-H2 females, were orally infected with ME-49 strain on the first day of pregnancy and sacrificed on 8 and 18 days post-infection. C57BL/KsJ showed higher number of parasites in the lungs at 8dI, irrespective of pregnancy, compared with CB10-H2; and both CB10-H2 and C57BL/KsJ showed high number of parasites in the brain at 18dI, irrespective of pregnancy. Parasites were not found in the uterus/placenta in both lineages of mice irrespective of the day of infection and there was no difference in abortion rate of infected mice, although CB10-H2 mice presented higher histological damage compared with C57BL/KsJ at 8 and 18 days of pregnancy and infection. Infection of non-pregnant C57BL/KsJ increased mast cell infiltration in the uterus, and gestation decreased this cell numbers. Furthermore, C57BL/KsJ presented higher IFN-γ levels systemically on 8dI; and TNF and IL-6 on 8 and 18dI compared with CB10-H2, despite gestation or not. Additionally, in the uterus/placenta of CB10-H2, pregnancy increased FOXP3 and under infection IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 expression levels. Our data suggest that both genetic background and MHC haplotypes are essential to protect against reabsorption rate and abortion in congenital toxoplasmosis. / O sucesso da gestação está relacionado com um perfil de resposta imunológica tipo Th2 e envolvimento de vários mecanismos para manutenção da tolerância materno-fetal, incluindo as moléculas codificadas pelo complexo principal de histocompatibilidade (MHC). Entretanto, a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii induz um perfil de resposta tipo Th1 que é associada aos resultados prejudiciais da gestação. Para investigar a influência do haplotipo do MHC na toxoplasmose congênita, fêmeas de camundongos congênicos, C57BL/KsJ (H-2d) e CB10-H2 (H-2b) foram oralmente infectadas com 5 cistos da cepa ME-49 no primeiro dia de gestação e sacrificadas aos 8 e 18 dias após a infecção. As fêmeas C57BL/KsJ apresentaram alto número de parasitos nos pulmões aos 8dI, comparadas às fêmeas CB10-H2 e ambas as linhagens apresentaram alto número de parasitos no cérebro aos 18dI, independentemente da gestação. Não foram encontrados parasitos no útero/placenta em nenhuma das linhagens, independente do tempo de infecção e não houve diferença no índice de aborto dentre as fêmeas infectadas, apesar da linhagem CB10-H2 ter apresentado maiores danos histológicos comparada à C57BL/KsJ aos 8 e 18 dias de gestação e infecção. A infecção nas fêmeas C57BL/KsJ não-gestantes provocou aumento na migração de mastócitos para o útero enquanto que a gestação diminui tal migração. Além disso, camundongos C57BL/KsJ apresentaram altos níveis sistêmicos de IFN-γ aos 8dI e TNF e IL-6 aos 8 e 18dI comparados aos CB10-H2 gestantes e não-gestantes. Ainda, no útero/placenta das fêmeas CB10-H2 a gestação aumentou os níveis de expressão de FOXP3 e, sob a infecção, houve aumento no nível de expressão de IL-10, IL-13 e IL-17. Nossos resultados sugerem que, tanto o background genético como o haplotipo do MHC sejam essenciais na proteção contra os índices de reabsorção fetal e aborto nos casos de toxoplasmose congênita. / Doutor em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas