Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-04T20:02:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPaulaDaSilvaPeres_TESE.pdf: 6039953 bytes, checksum: dab3721993c73bd25b03fa484535a768 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-05T20:52:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPaulaDaSilvaPeres_TESE.pdf: 6039953 bytes, checksum: dab3721993c73bd25b03fa484535a768 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T20:52:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPaulaDaSilvaPeres_TESE.pdf: 6039953 bytes, checksum: dab3721993c73bd25b03fa484535a768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Nos ?ltimos anos, transportadores s?lidos de oxig?nio adequados t?m sido desenvolvidos para serem utilizados em diferentes processos de Recircula??o Qu?mica. O sucesso desta tecnologia est? diretamente relacionado com a reatividade qu?mica e a capacidade de armazenamento de oxig?nio do transportador. Desta forma, a pesquisa no desenvolvimento de novos materiais que possam ser aplicados ao processo torna-se de fundamental import?ncia. Entre os poss?veis candidatos est?o os transportadores baseados em n?quel e cobre por apresentarem propriedades termodin?micas favor?veis. Neste trabalho, aluminatos do tipo MAl2O4 (M=Mg e Ca) e M0,9B0,1Al2O4 (B=Ni e Cu) usados como suportes, foram sintetizados pela rea??o de combust?o assistida por microondas e calcinados a 900?C/2h. Em seguida, os suportes foram impregnados com 10% (m/m) de n?quel ou cobre e, posteriormente calcinados a 600?C/2h para obten??o dos transportadores s?lidos de oxig?nio, que foram caracterizados por Difra??o de raios X (DRX), Microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e Redu??o a temperatura programada (RTP). Rea??es simulando o processo de combust?o por recircula??o qu?mica foram realizados atrav?s de ciclos de redu??o/oxida??o, com o objetivo de avaliar a reatividade dos transportadores. A an?lise de DRX mostrou picos de difra??o de estruturas tipo espin?lio. Nos suportes dopados n?o foram verificadas a presen?a de fases secund?rias, sugerindo que todo o metal foi incorporado ? estrutura do espin?lio. Nos transportadores s?lidos de oxig?nio, as fases NiO e CuO foram observadas ap?s a impregna??o das fases ativas sobre os diferentes suportes. Os resultados das avalia??es dos ciclos qu?micos de redu??o/oxida??o revelaram que os TSO?s impregnados com n?quel em diferentes suportes mostraram-se mais ativos, sendo potenciais candidatos para a aplica??o na tecnologia de Recircula??o Qu?mica. / In recent years, solid carriers suitable oxygen have been developed for use in different chemical processes recirculation. The success of this technology is directly related to the chemical reactivity and the oxygen storage capacity of the carrier. Thus, research into the development of new materials that can be applied to the process becomes extremely important. Possible candidates are the carriers based on nickel and copper for presenting favorable thermodynamic properties. In this work, aluminates type MAl2O4 (M = Mg and Ca) and M0,9B0,1Al2O4 (B = Ni and Cu) that are used as supports were synthesized by combustion reactions assisted by microwave and calcined at 900?C/2h. Then, the carriers were impregnated with 10% (m/m) of nickel or copper, and subsequently calcined at 600?C/2h to obtain the solid oxygen carriers, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Microscopy scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). Reactions simulating the combustion process by chemical recirculation were performed by cycles reduction/oxidation, in order to evaluate the reactivity of carriers. XRD analysis revealed diffraction peaks of the spinel type structures. In the doped substrates were verified the presence of secondary phases, suggesting that all the metal was incorporated into the spinel structure. In solid oxygen carriers, the NiO and CuO phases were observed after impregnation of active phases on different media. The results of evaluations of chemical cycles reduction/oxidation revealed that TSO's impregnated with nickel in various media were more active and are potential candidates for use in the chemical recirculation technology

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-20T21:18:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KeilaMarthaAmorimBarroso_TESE.pdf: 21818921 bytes, checksum: 6e052052d865c5daec54b63d43d919f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-22T20:15:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KeilaMarthaAmorimBarroso_TESE.pdf: 21818921 bytes, checksum: 6e052052d865c5daec54b63d43d919f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-22T20:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KeilaMarthaAmorimBarroso_TESE.pdf: 21818921 bytes, checksum: 6e052052d865c5daec54b63d43d919f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / As neoplasias de gl?ndulas salivares exibem uma grande diversidade morfol?gica e comportamentos biol?gicos variados o que suscita o interesse na pesquisa destas les?es. A dissemina??o das c?lulas tumorais ? um passo inicial para a progress?o de neoplasias malignas e, dentro deste contexto, os vasos linf?ticos neoformados s?o considerados essenciais para que ocorra essa dissemina??o. O papel do VEGF (fator de crescimento endotelial vascular) na forma??o dos vasos ? fato conhecido mas, pouco se sabe a respeito de sua participa??o em tumores de gl?ndula salivar. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a express?o do VEGF-C e VEGF-D, a densidade linf?tica tumoral (D2-40) e a prolifera??o endotelial linf?tica (dupla marca??o D2-40/Ki-67) em uma s?rie de neoplasias de gl?ndulas salivares. A amostra foi composta por 20 adenomas pleom?rficos, 20 carcinomas aden?ides c?sticos, 20 carcinomas mucoepiderm?ides e 10 casos de tecido glandular salivar com caracter?sticas de normalidade para efeito comparativo. Todos os casos estudados exibiram express?o positiva para VEGF-C em regi?o peritumoral e intratumoral, n?o sendo encontrada diferen?as de imunoexpress?o entre os grupos. No entanto, o grupo dos carcinomas aden?ides c?sticos demonstrou diferen?a significativa da imunoexpress?o do VEGF-C segundo o padr?o cribriforme e s?lido (p = 0,004). A maioria dos casos constantes do presente estudo, apresentou fraca marca??o para VEGF-D em regi?o peritumoral e intratumoral. Na avalia??o da densidade endotelial linf?tica peritumoral, intratumoral e total, os grupos estudados revelaram um gradiente crescente, com valores menores para o grupo dos adenomas pleom?rficos, seguido dos carcinomas mucoepiderm?ides e carcinomas aden?ides c?sticos. A densidade endotelial linf?tica foi maior entre os tumores malignos do que nos tumores benignos. N?o foi observada correla??o entre a imunoexpress?o de VEGF-C e VEGF-D em rela??o a densidade linf?tica tumoral e a prolifera??o endotelial linf?tica / Salivary gland neoplasms exhibit a great morphological diversity and varied biological behavior which raises the interest in the study of these lesions. The spread of tumor cells is an early step in the progression of malignancies and the neoformed lymphatic vessels are considered essential in tumor dissemination. Vascular endotelial growth fator (VEGF) is a family of proteins involved in angiogenesis e lymphangiogenesis. However, in salivar tumors we have limited information on the expression. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D, lymphatic vessel density (single-staining D2-40) and lymphatic endothelial proliferation (double labeling D2-40/Ki-67) in a series of salivary glands neoplasms. We selected 20 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 20 of mucoepidermoide carcinoma, 20 of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 10 tissue sample of normal salivary gland. All cases studied showed positive expression of VEGF-C in intratumoral and peritumoral region, no differences in immunoreactivity was found between the groups. However, the group of adenoid cystic carcinoma showed a significant difference in immunoreactivity of VEGF-C by the cribriform and solid pattern (p = 0.004). Most of the cases included in this study showed weak immunoreactivity for VEGF-D in intratumoral and peritumoral region. In the assessment of lymphatic endotelial density peritumoral, intratumoral and total, the groups showed an increasing gradient, with lower values for the group of pleomorphic adenomas followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Lymphatic endothelial cell density was higher in malignant than benign tumors. No correlation was observed between the immunoreactivity of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in relation to tumor lymphatic density and lymphatic endothelial proliferation

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T20:11:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseaneDungaDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 8892731 bytes, checksum: 56b09352fae96fa0323ce7e0da7542ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-29T18:46:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseaneDungaDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 8892731 bytes, checksum: 56b09352fae96fa0323ce7e0da7542ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T18:46:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseaneDungaDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 8892731 bytes, checksum: 56b09352fae96fa0323ce7e0da7542ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Neste trabalho a morfodin?mica da paisagem foi utilizada para verificar a intensidade e import?ncia das mudan?as exercidas pelo homem sobre o meio ambiente ao longo do tempo, no munic?pio de Natal-RN. Foi analisada a ocupa??o sobre ?reas naturais parcialmente preservadas, mas ambientalmente fr?geis, como as matas ciliares, cobertura vegetal nas margens dos cursos d??gua, que desempenham papel de reguladoras do fluxo h?drico, e as dunas, que garantem a r?pida recarga dos aqu?feros. Foram identificados e caracterizados os impactos da expans?o urbana nas zonas Sul e Oeste do munic?pio de Natal, por meio de um mapeamento detalhado, no per?odo entre 1969 e 2013 das principais ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente - APP?s (margens de rios e lagoas, e dunas e remanescentes) e suas altera??es temporais. Para isto foram usadas fotografias a?reas e imagens de sat?lite, dados altim?tricos, al?m de informa??es pr?-existentes, o que permitiu a cria??o de um banco de dados espaciais, al?m de mapas de evolu??o das ?reas imperme?veis, evolu??o do uso e ocupa??o e um Modelo Digital de Terreno (MDT) a partir de curvas de n?vel com equidist?ncia de 1 metro. Com base neste estudo ? apresentado um diagn?stico da situa??o ambiental e do estado de conserva??o das ?reas naturais, ao longo dos ?ltimos 44 anos, frente ?s press?es antr?picas. Em linhas gerais, verificou-se que a ocupa??o urbana avan?ou cerca de 60% sobre as ?reas naturais estudadas. Esse avan?o foi crescente at? o ano de 2006, quando se observou uma desacelera??o neste processo, excetuando a Zona de Prote??o Ambiental (ZPA) 03, onde est? o rio Pitimb? e a sua APP, que experimentou uma perda mais significativa de ?rea. A ocupa??o urbana afetou a drenagem natural e contribuiu para a contamina??o das ?guas subterr?neas de Natal, devido ao aumento da ?rea impermeabilizada, do lan?amento de res?duos l?quidos e s?lidos, bem como a retirada da mata ciliar. Alterou de modo irrevers?vel a paisagem natural, e reduziu a qualidade e quantidade dos recursos h?dricos necess?rios ? popula??o. Dessa maneira, ? necess?rio que se estimule a ado??o de medidas de planejamento de uso e prote??o das APP?s, com a preserva??o da Regi?o do San Vale inserida na ZPA 01, al?m de integrar mais remanescentes de dunas, em bom estado de conserva??o, a esta ZPA, devido ? import?ncia destes remanescentes para o meio ambiente e na manuten??o da qualidade de vida. Sugere-se, tamb?m, prote??o das ?reas de drenagem, como as APP?s das lagoas e do rio Pitimb?. Finalmente, espera-se que este estudo possa auxiliar na tomada de decis?o, de ?rg?os gestores no planejamento urbano e ambiental do munic?pio. / In this work the landscape morphodynamics was used to check the strength and importance of the changes carried out by man on the environment over time, in Natal-RN municipality. The occupation of partially preserved natural areas was analyzed, but environmentally fragile, such as riparian forests, vegetation on the banks of waterways, which play regulatory role of the water flow, and the dunes, which guarantee the rapid recharge of aquifers. The impacts of urban sprawl in Natal Southern and West zones Were identified and characterized, through a detailed mapping in the period between 1969 and 2013 the main Permanent Preservation Areas - PPA (banks of rivers and lagoons, and dunes remaining) and their temporal changes. For this were used aerial photographs and satellite imagery, altimetry data, and pre-existing information, which allowed the creation of a spatial database, and evolution of maps of impervious areas, evolution of the use and occupation and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from contour lines with contour interval of 1 meter. Based on this study presents a diagnosis of the environmental situation and the state of conservation of natural areas, over the last 44 years, compared to human pressures. In general, it was found that the urban settlement has advanced about 60% of studied natural areas. This advance was growing by the year 2006, when there was a slowdown in the process, except for the Environmental Protection Zone (EPZ) 03, where the river Pitimb? and your PPA, which experienced a more significant loss area. The urban occupation affected the natural drainage and contributed to the contamination of groundwater Natal, due to increased sealed area, the release of liquid and solid waste, as well as the removal of riparian vegetation. Changed irreversibly the natural landscape, and reduced the quality and quantity of water resources necessary for the population. Thus, it is necessary to stimulate the adoption of use and protection of PPA planning measures, to the preservation of the San Valley Region inserted into the EPZ 01, and integrate more remaining dunes, in good condition, this EPZ, due to the importance of those remaining on the environment and the maintenance of quality of life. It is suggested, also, protection of catchment areas, such as PPA ponds and Pitimb? River. Finally, it is expected that this study can assist the managers in making decisions in urban and environmental planning of the municipality

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-17T21:52:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanneChiancaDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 4557289 bytes, checksum: 92bdbf0069fc7ada0b59f3f455c1f28d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-17T23:56:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanneChiancaDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 4557289 bytes, checksum: 92bdbf0069fc7ada0b59f3f455c1f28d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-17T23:56:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DayanneChiancaDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 4557289 bytes, checksum: 92bdbf0069fc7ada0b59f3f455c1f28d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Neste trabalho foi estudada a degrada??o de efluentes reais e sint?ticos utilizando processos eletroqu?micos, como oxida??o via radicais hidroxila, oxida??o mediada via cloro ativo e eletrocoagula??o. O efluente real utilizado foi coletado no tanque decantador da Esta??o de Tratamento de Efluentes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (ETE-UFRN) e o outro, um efluente do corante t?xtil Azul ?cido113 (AB 113) foi sintetizado em laborat?rio. No processo eletroqu?mico, os efeitos do material an?dico, da densidade de corrente, da presen?a e da concentra??o de cloreto assim como das esp?cies de cloro ativa geradas in situ foram avaliados. Eletrodos de diferentes composi??es, Ti/Pt, Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2, DDB, Pb/PbO2 e Ti/TiO2- nanotubos/PbO2 foram utilizados como ?nodos. Esses eletrodos foram submetido ? an?lises eletroanal?ticas com o objetivo de verificar como acontecem os processos an?dicos e cat?dicos frente as concentra??es de NaCl e eletr?lito suporte utilizado. Os potencias de desprendimento de oxig?nio tamb?m foram verificados. O efeito das esp?cies de cloro ativo formadas sob a efici?ncia do processo foi avaliado atrav?s da remo??o da mat?ria org?nica do efluente ETE-UFRN. O tratamento do efluente ETEUFRN usando os eletrodos Ti/Pt, DDB e Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 foi avaliado, obtendo boas performances. A degrada??o eletroqu?mica do efluente ETE-UFRN foi capaz de promover a diminui??o da concentra??o de COT e DQO em todos os ?nodos testados. Entretanto, Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 apresentou uma degrada??o consider?vel devido as esp?cies de cloro ativa geradas in situ. Os resultados obtidos com o processo eletroqu?mico na presen?a de cloreto foram mais satisfat?rios do que aqueles obtidos na aus?ncia. A adi??o de 0,021 M NaCl resultou em remo??es mais r?pidas da mat?ria org?nica. Num segundo momento, foi preparado e caracterizado o eletrodo Ti/TiO2-nanotubos/PbO2 de acordo com o que reporta a literatura, entretanto sua prepara??o foi para um disco (10 cm de di?metro) com ?rea superficial bem superior ao descrito pelos mesmos autores, visando aplica??o ao efluente do corante t?xtil AB 113. Imagens de MEV foram tomadas a fim de se observar o crescimento dos nanotubos de TiO2 bem como confirmar a eletrodeposi??o do PbO2. Tamb?m foi utilizado um microsc?pio de For?a At?mica para comprovar a forma??o desses nanotubos. Al?m disso, foi testada e constatada uma alta estabilidade eletroqu?mica do eletrodo Ti/TiO2-nanotubos/PbO2 para aplica??es a longo prazo indicando como um ?timo material eletrocatal?tico. A oxida??o eletroqu?mica do AB 113 utilizando Ti/Pt, Pb/PbO2, Ti/TiO2-nanotubos/PbO2 e Al/Al (eletrocoagula??o) tamb?m foi estudada. Entretanto, as melhores remo??es de cor e decaimento de DQO foram obtidas quando Ti/TiO2-nanotubos/PbO2 foi utilizado como ?nodo, removendo at? 98% de cor e 92,5% de decaimento de DQO. An?lises de CG/EM foram realizadas a fim de se identificar os poss?veis intermedi?rios formados na degrada??o do AB 113. / In this work the degradation of real and synthetic wastewater was studied using electrochemical processes such as oxidation via hydroxyl radicals, mediated oxidation via active chlorine and electrocoagulation. The real effluent used was collected in the decanter tank of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (ETE-UFRN) of Effluent Treatment Plant and the other a textile effluent dye ?cido Blue 113 (AB 113) was synthesized in the laboratory. In the electrochemical process, the effects of anode material, current density, the presence and concentration of chloride as well as the active chlorine species on site generated were evaluated. Electrodes of different compositions, Ti/Pt, Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2, BDD, Pb/PbO2 and Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 were used as anodes. These electrodes were subjected to electroanalytical analysis with the goal of checking how happen the anodic and cathodic processes across the concentrations of NaCl and supporting electrolyte used. The potential of oxygen evolution reaction were also checked. The effect of active chlorine species formed under the process efficiency was evaluated by removing the organic matter in the effluent-ETE UFRN. The wastewater treatment ETE-UFRN using Ti/Pt, DDB and Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 electrodes was evaluated, obtaining good performances. The electrochemical degradation of effluent-UFRN was able to promote the reduction of the concentration of TOC and COD in all tested anodes. However, Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2 showed a considerable degradation due to active chlorine species generated on site. The results obtained from the electrochemical process in the presence of chloride were more satisfactory than those obtained in the absence. The addition of 0.021 M NaCl resulted in a faster removal of organic matter. Secondly, was prepared and characterized the electrode Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 according to what the literature reports, however their preparation was to disk (10 cm diameter) with surface area and higher than that described by the same authors, aiming at application to textile effluent AB 113 dye. SEM images were taken to observe the growth of TiO2 nanotubes and confirm the electrodeposition of PbO2. Atomic Force Microscope was also used to confirm the formation of these nanotubes. Furthermore, was tested and found a high electrochemical stability of the electrode Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 for applications such as long-term indicating a good electrocatalytic material. The electrochemical oxidation of AB 113 using Ti/Pt, Pb/PbO2 and Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 and Al/Al (electrocoagulation) was also studied. However, the best color removal and COD decay were obtained when Ti/TiO2-nanotubes/PbO2 was used as the anode, removing up to 98% of color and 92,5% of COD decay. Analysis of GC/MS were performed in order to identify possible intermediates formed in the degradation of AB 113.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-22T23:19:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RalinyOliveiraSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 9138081 bytes, checksum: 38a641e3ede8b16533d07f1b59d2e852 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-26T19:19:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RalinyOliveiraSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 9138081 bytes, checksum: 38a641e3ede8b16533d07f1b59d2e852 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T19:19:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RalinyOliveiraSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 9138081 bytes, checksum: 38a641e3ede8b16533d07f1b59d2e852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Indiv?duos dependentes de etanol, ao reduzirem ou cessarem seu consumo, apresentam um conjunto de sinais e sintomas, dentre eles, alguns relacionados ? ansiedade. Para um melhor entendimento das bases neurais envolvidas com a ansiedade na abstin?ncia, ensaios pr?-cl?nicos v?m utilizando modelos de consumo de etanol seguido de retirada em ratos submetidos a distintos testes de ansiedade, dentre eles, o labirinto em cruz elevado. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar se a retirada do etanol em curto e longo prazo promoveria altera??es comportamentais sugestivas de ansiedade no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) e no teste do campo aberto (CA) e, ainda, se influenciaria o n?mero de c?lulas imunorreativas para a serotonina (5-HT-IR) no n?cleo dorsal da rafe (NDR), fonte de inerva??o seroton?rgica ascendente relacionada ? ansiedade. Ratas Wistar com aproximadamente 90 dias de vida foram submetidas a concentra??es crescentes de etanol como ?nica fonte de dieta l?quida (2% durante os tr?s primeiros dias, seguido de 4% durante tr?s dias e 6% durante 15 dias) ou ?gua (grupo controle), ambos com livre acesso ? ra??o. Na etapa comportamental, no 21? dia de consumo, o etanol foi substitu?do por ?gua (retirada) e, ap?s 72 horas ou 21 dias de retirada, os animais controle e submetidos ? retirada foram expostos ao teste do LCE, onde foram avaliadas as porcentagens de tempo gasto e de entradas nos bra?os abertos e o n?mero de entradas nos bra?os fechados durante 5 minutos. Vinte e quatro horas ap?s o teste no LCE, os animais foram submetidos ao teste do CA por 15 minutos. Durante este per?odo avaliou-se a dist?ncia total percorrida pelos animais e durante os 5 minutos iniciais foram avaliados o tempo, a dist?ncia e o n?mero de entradas no centro do aparato. Na etapa imunoistoqu?mica, os enc?falos de animais submetidos ao consumo de etanol por 21 dias, seguidos ou n?o de retirada de 72 horas e 21 dias, e seus controles foram submetidos ? t?cnica da imunoistoqu?mica para detectar c?lulas 5-HT-IR nas por??es dorsal e caudal do NDR. Os dados comportamentais mostraram que tanto a retirada do etanol em curto prazo, quanto em longo prazo diminuiu a explora??o dos bra?os abertos do LCE. No teste do CA n?o foram observadas altera??es na locomo??o no per?odo de 15 minutos; por?m, no mesmo teste, durante os 5 primeiros minutos observou-se efeito do tipo ansiog?nico nos animais submetidos ? 22 dias de retirada do etanol. Na etapa imunoistoqu?mica, n?o foram observadas diferen?as na contagem de c?lulas 5-HTIR nas por??es dorsal e caudal do NDR dos animais submetidos ? retirada em curto e longo prazo do etanol, em rela??o ao controle. No entanto, o consumo do etanol por 21 dias reduziu a contagem de c?lulas 5-HT-IR na regi?o dorsal deste n?cleo. Em conjunto, os dados aqui obtidos demonstram um efeito do tipo ansiog?nico promovido pela retirada em curto e longo prazo do etanol n?o relacionado a altera??es na marca??o de serotonina nas por??es dorsal e caudal do NDR. / Ethanol withdrawn individuals present a wealth of signs and symptoms, some of them related with anxiety. To better understand brain areas involved in anxiety caused by ethanol abstinence, preclinical studies have been employing models of ethanol consumption followed by withdrawal in rodents submitted to behavioral tests of anxiety, such as the elevated plus-maze. The aim of this study was to investigate if short- or long-term ethanol withdrawal could alter both anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open field tests and the number of serotonin immunorreactive cels in the dorsal raphe nucleus, a midbrain area associated with anxiety. Female Wistar rats (90 days old) were submitted to increasing concentrations of ethanol (2% for 3 days, 4% for 3 days and 6% for 15 days) as the only source of liquid diet and the control group received water ad libitum. Both groups received food ad libitum. In the behavioral experiments, on 21st day of consumption, ethanol was substituted by water (withdrawal) and 72 h or 21 days after withdrawal animals were submitted to the EPM, where it was evaluated the percentage of time and entries in the open arms and the entries in the enclosed arms during 5 minutes. Twenty and four hours after testing in the EPM, animals were submitted to the open field test for 15 minutes, where the distance traveled by the animals was observed along this period. During the first 5 minutes, the distance traveled, entries and time spent in the center of the test were analyzed. In the immunohistochemistry study, animals were submitted to 21 days of consumption of ethanol followed or not by 72 hours and 21 days of withdrawal previously perfusion, brain tissue preparation and quantification of serotonin dyed cells in the dorsal and caudal portions in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Behavioral data showed that both short- and long-term ethanol withdrawals reduced the open arms exploration in the EPM. In the open field test there were no locomotor activity changes during the total 15 minutes; however, longterm ethanol withdrawal reduced the exploration in the center of the open field during the first 5 minutes. In the immunohistochemistry step, there were no differences, when short- and long-term withdrawn groups were compared with control group; nevertheless, the chronic consumption of ethanol decreased the number of serotonergic immunorreactive cells in the dorsal part of dorsal raphe nucleus. Taken together, results here obtained suggest that both short- and long-term ethanol withdrawals promoted an anxiogenic-like effect that was not related with changes in the serotonin immunorreactivity in the dorsal and caudal parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-29T21:50:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaHoracinaBezerraRocha_TESE.pdf: 3730805 bytes, checksum: b964bffe7871af006b1b028acfccff27 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-01T21:44:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaHoracinaBezerraRocha_TESE.pdf: 3730805 bytes, checksum: b964bffe7871af006b1b028acfccff27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T21:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaHoracinaBezerraRocha_TESE.pdf: 3730805 bytes, checksum: b964bffe7871af006b1b028acfccff27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Neste trabalho, o tratamento de efluentes da ind?stria t?xtil, contendo corantes como Amarelo de Novacron (YN), Vermelho de Remazol BR (RRB) e Azul de Novacron CD (NB), e o tratamento de efluentes da ind?stria do petr?leo (?gua produzida), foram investigadas por oxida??o an?dica (AO) com ?nodos de Platina suportada em tit?nio (Ti/Pt) e Diamante Dopado com Boro (DDB). Certamente, um dos principais par?metros neste tipo de tratamento ? o tipo de material eletrocatal?tico utilizado, uma vez que os mecanismos e os produtos de algumas rea??es an?dicas dependem dele. A eletr?lise galvanost?tica dos efluentes sint?ticos RRB, NB e YN foi investigada a fim de encontrar as melhores condi??es para a remo??o da cor e da carga org?nica do corante. De acordo com os resultados experimentais obtidos, o processo de OA ? adequado para descolora??o de ?guas residuais contendo esses corantes t?xteis, devido ?s propriedades eletrocatal?ticas de DDB e Pt. A remo??o da carga org?nica foi mais eficiente com DDB, em todos os casos, e os corantes foram degradados ? ?cidos carbox?licos alif?ticos no final da eletr?lise. Consumo de energia para a remo??o de cor durante OA das solu??es sint?ticas de RRB, NB e YN depende principalmente das condi??es de funcionamento, por exemplo, RRB, passa de 3,30 kWh m-3 em 20 mA cm-2 para 4,28 kWh m -3 em 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 1); 15,23 kWh m-3 em 20 mA cm-2 para 24,75 kWh m-3 em 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 4,5); 10,80 kWh m-3 em 20 mA cm-2 para 31,5 kWh m-3 em 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 8) (dados estimados por volume de efluente tratado). No estudo da OA da ?gua produzida de petr?leo, as eletr?lises galvanost?ticas no ?nodo de DDB levaram ? completa remo??o de DQO (98%), devido ?s grandes quantidades de radicais hidroxila e peroxodissulfatos gerados a partir da oxida??o da ?gua e sulfatos em solu??o, respectivamente. A taxa de remo??o da DQO aumenta com o incremento da corrente aplicada (15-60 mA cm-2 ). Por outro lado, no eletrodo de Pt, aproximadamente 50% de remo??o da carga org?nica foi alcan?ada atrav?s da aplica??o de 15 a 30 mA cm-2 e 80% de remo??o de DQO a 60 mAcm-2 . Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos na aplica??o desta tecnologia foram satisfat?rios dependendo do material eletrocatal?tico e das condi??es operacionais utilizadas, tanto para remo??o de carga org?nica em efluentes t?xteis e petroquimicos quanto para remo??o de cor, no caso dos efluentes t?xteis. Portanto, a aplica??o do tratamento eletroqu?mico pode ser considerada como uma alternativa vi?vel no pr?-tratamento ou tratamento de efluentes derivados da ind?stria t?xtil e petroqu?mica. / In this work, the treatment of wastewater from the textile industry, containing dyes as Yellow Novacron (YN), Red Remazol BR (RRB) and Blue Novacron CD (NB), and also, the treatment of wastewater from petrochemical industry (produced water) were investigated by anodic oxidation (OA) with platinum anodes supported on titanium (Ti/Pt) and boron-doped diamond (DDB). Definitely, one of the main parameters of this kind of treatment is the type of electrocatalytic material used, since the mechanisms and products of some anodic reactions depend on it. The OA of synthetic effluents containing with RRB, NB and YN were investigated in order to find the best conditions for the removal of color and organic content of the dye. According to the experimental results, the process of OA is suitable for decolorization of wastewaters containing these textile dyes due to electrocatalytic properties of DDB and Pt anodes. Removal of the organic load was more efficient at DDB, in all cases; where the dyes were degraded to aliphatic carboxylic acids at the end of the electrolysis. Energy requirements for the removal of color during OA of solutions of RRB, NB and YN depends mainly on the operating conditions, for example, RRB passes of 3.30 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 for 4.28 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 1); 15.23 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 24.75 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH 4.5); 10.80 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 31.5 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 8) (estimated data for volume of treated effluent). On the other hand, in the study of OA of produced water effluent generated by petrochemical industry, galvanostatic electrolysis using DDB led to the complete removal of COD (98%), due to large amounts of hydroxyl radicals and peroxodisulphates generated from the oxidation of water and sulfates in solution, respectively. Thus, the rate of COD removal increases with increasing applied current density (15-60 mAcm-2 ). Moreover, at Pt electrode, approximately 50% removal of the organic load was achieved by applying from 15 to 30 mAcm-2 while 80% of COD removal was achieved for 60 mAcm-2 . Thus, the results obtained in the application of this technology were satisfactory depending on the electrocatalytic materials and operating conditions used for removal of organic load (petrochemical and textile effluents) as well as for the removal of color (in the case of textile effluents). Therefore, the applicability of electrochemical treatment can be considered as a new alternative like pretreatment or treatment of effluents derived from textiles and petrochemical industries.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-29T22:55:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaCostaDeSouzaMartinsCamara_TESE.pdf: 3396087 bytes, checksum: b8e35eee4bb9ca8e4392251f05ab7935 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-02T19:21:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaCostaDeSouzaMartinsCamara_TESE.pdf: 3396087 bytes, checksum: b8e35eee4bb9ca8e4392251f05ab7935 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T19:21:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaCostaDeSouzaMartinsCamara_TESE.pdf: 3396087 bytes, checksum: b8e35eee4bb9ca8e4392251f05ab7935 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Altera??es epiteliais observadas em queilites act?nicas (QA) e carcinomas epiderm?ides de l?bio inferior (CELI) s?o causadas principalmente pela exposi??o cr?nica aos raios ultra-violetas (UV) e s?o estudadas usando diferentes marcadores imuno-histoqu?micos procurando avaliar o processo da carcinog?nese. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar comparativamente a express?o das prote?nas Ki-67 e IMP-3 em QA e CELI a fim de contribuir com informa??es adicionais sobre a carcinog?nese em l?bio inferior. Foram estudados 33 casos de QA e 33 casos de CELI, sendo analisadas as caracter?sticas cl?nico-patol?gicas e a imunoexpress?o do Ki-67 e IMP-3. A an?lise imuno-histoqu?mica do Ki-67 se deu atrav?s da determina??o do ?ndice de prolifera??o (IP) e subsequente classifica??o dos casos de acordo com os escores : 0 (0% de c?lulas positivas), +1(?30%), +2 (>30% a ?60%) e +3 (>60%). Para aplica??o dos testes estat?sticos os casos foram classificados em: sem marca??o (escore 0), baixa express?o (escore +1) e alta express?o (escores +2 e +3). Para a express?o do IMP-3, foi estabelecido o percentual de c?lulas epiteliais imunomarcadas, sendo atribu?dos os escores: 0 (correspondeu a 0%), +1 (at? 30% das c?lulas positivas); +2 (entre 30% a 60% de c?lulas imunomarcadas) e +3 (acima de 60% das c?lulas positivas). Foram utilizados os testes estat?sticos Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5%. A maioria dos caos de QA foi do sexo masculino (78,8%), com m?dia de idade de 50 anos e dos casos de CELI tamb?m predominou o sexo masculino (69,89%) com m?dia de 62 anos. O Ki-67 se expressou em todos os casos de QAs bem como nos casos de CELI, predominando nas duas les?es o escore 2, correspondendo a 81,8% dos casos nas QAs e 54,5% nos CELI. A express?o do IMP-3 nas QAs ocorreu em 72,7% dos casos, com predomin?ncia em 36,3% dos casos do escore 1. J? nos CELI o IMP-3 se expressou em 60,6% dos casos, com predomin?ncia em 27,3% dos casos do escore 3. Estes resultados nos permite concluir que a express?o do IMP3 e da atividade proliferativa s?o eventos precoces na carcinog?nese de l?bio inferior independente do estado da altera??o. / Epithelial changes observed in actinic cheilitis (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (LLSCC) are mainly caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet rays (UV) and are studied using different immunohistochemical markers trying to evaluate the process of carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the expression of Ki-67 proteins and IMP-3 in AC and LLSCC to contribute with additional information on carcinogenesis in lower lip. A total of 33 cases of AC and 33 cases of LLSCC were studied, analyzed the clinical and pathological features and immunostaining of Ki-67 and IMP-3. Immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 was made through the determination of the proliferation index (PI) and subsequent classification of the cases according to the scores: 0 (0% positive cells) +1 (?30%) + 2 (> 30% and ?60%) and +3 (> 60%). For statistical tests cases were classified as unmarked (score 0), low expression (score +1) and high expression (scores +2 and +3). For the expression of IMP-3, the percentage of immunostained epithelial cells was established, and assigned scores: 0 (corresponding to 0%), +1 (up to 30% of positive cells); +2 (From 30% to 60% of immunostained cells) and +3 (over 60% of positive cells). Statistical tests chi-square test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon were used. The significance level was 5%. Most AC chaos was male (78.8%) with mean age of 50 years and cases of LLSCC also were male (69.89%) with an average of 62 years. The Ki-67 was expressed in all cases of AC and in cases of LLSCC, predominantly in the two injuries the score 2, corresponding to 81.8% of cases in ACs and 54.5% in the CELI. The expression of IMP-3 in ACs occurred in 72.7% of cases, predominantly in 36.3% of LLSCC cases score 1. Already in the IMP-3 was expressed in 60.6% of cases, especially in 27.3% of the score of the cases 3. These results allow us to conclude that the expression of IMP3 and proliferative activity are early events in carcinogenesis independently lower lip state of change.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-03T20:05:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoAndradeDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 954729 bytes, checksum: 7a979c335c0dd2d7d260944c7ebb2136 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-07T23:54:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoAndradeDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 954729 bytes, checksum: 7a979c335c0dd2d7d260944c7ebb2136 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T23:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoAndradeDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 954729 bytes, checksum: 7a979c335c0dd2d7d260944c7ebb2136 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos n?veis de caldo de cana de a??car desidratado (CCD) (0,0; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5%) na ra??o de codornas europ?ias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) sobre o desempenho, caracter?stica de carca?a e ?ndices econ?micos aos 22 dias de idade, 192 codornas de corte, foram distribu?das em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repeti??es de oito aves por unidade experimental. N?o houve diferen?a significativa para o desempenho das codornas em nenhum dos per?odos avaliados. Houve efeito quadr?tico dos n?veis de CCD sobre o peso da carca?a (y=173,71 + 4,2767x - 1,2644x?, R? = 0,99), coxa mais sobre-coxa (y = 36,055 + 1,1263x - 0,2256x?, R? = 0,91) e gordura abdominal (y = 3,3295 - 0,8903x + 0,19x2 , R? = 0,97) onde os n?veis ?timos estimados foram 1,69; 2,50 e 2,34%, respectivamente. Houve efeito linear decrescente dos n?veis de CCD sobre o peso de peito com pele (y = 66,267 - 0,5653x, R? = 0,83) e sem pele (y = 60,286 - 0,7193x, R? = 0,58). Na an?lise econ?mica, pode-se observar maior lucro ao produtor com a utiliza??o da ra??o convencional. Entretanto, entre os n?veis de inclus?o de caldo de cana observa-se que o n?vel 1,5% de CCD obteve os melhores resultados na an?lise econ?mica, obtendo apenas uma diferen?a de margem bruta relativa de 0,47% em rela??o ao convencional. Recomenda-se 1,69 e 2,50 e 2,34% de CCD para maior peso de carca?a, peso de coxa+sobrecoxa e menor porcentagem de gordura abdominal de codornas de corte, respectivamente. / In order to evaluate the effect of levels of dehydrated cane juice sugar (DCJS) (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) in the diet of European quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) on performance on performance, carcass characteristics and economical at 22 days of age indices, 192 quails cutting, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates of eight birds each There was no significant difference to the performance of quail in any of the periods. Quadratic effects of levels of DCJS on carcass weight (y = 173.71 + 4.2767x ? 1.2644x?, R? = 0.99), thigh-thigh more about (y = 36,055 + 1,1263x ? 0,2256x?, R? = 0.91) and abdominal fat (y = 3,3295 - + 0.8903x 0,19x2, R ? = 0,97) where the optimum levels were estimated 1,69; 2.50 and 2.34%, respectively. There was a linear effect descending of DCJS levels on weight breast with skin (y = 66.267 ? 0.5653x, R? = 0.83) and without skin (y = 60.286 ? 0.7193x, R? = 0.58). In economic analysis, one can observe higher profit to the producer with the use of conventional feed. However, between the levels of inclusion of sugar cane juice is observed that the level of 1.5% DCJS obtained the best results in economic analysis, obtaining only a difference of relative gross margin of 0.47% compared to conventional. It is recommended 1.69 and 2.50% DCJS for higher carcass, thigh + drumstick weight and lower percentage of abdominal fat quails, respectively.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-09T23:59:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonnyoPalmiellyDiogenesLima_DISSERT.pdf: 2603626 bytes, checksum: 436271fd3d1c04603beb317bd4eb74b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-15T00:17:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonnyoPalmiellyDiogenesLima_DISSERT.pdf: 2603626 bytes, checksum: 436271fd3d1c04603beb317bd4eb74b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T00:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonnyoPalmiellyDiogenesLima_DISSERT.pdf: 2603626 bytes, checksum: 436271fd3d1c04603beb317bd4eb74b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-24 / O transplante renal ? a melhor forma de tratamento para indiv?duos que perderam a fun??o do rim. Pacientes transplantados renais necessitam de rigoroso esquema imunossupressor para evitar rejei??o. Nesse processo c?lulas T helper do sistema imunol?gico exercem papel chave na resposta contra o enxerto, sendo as c?lulas Th17 recentemente investigadas por produzirem IL-17, uma potente citocina pr?-inflamat?ria cujo papel na rejei??o tamb?m vem sendo descrito. O aumento da express?o de c?lulas Th17 tem importante associa??o ao desenvolvimento da rejei??o no microambiente renal, no entanto o prov?vel mecanismo ainda n?o est? bem compreendido. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta Th17 a partir da influ?ncia exercida pelo eixo quimiot?tico CCR6/CCL20 e por variantes gen?ticas na IL- 17 e seu receptor IL-17RA. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo caso controle envolvendo 148 pacientes transplantados do Hospital Universit?rio Onofre Lopes/UFRN no qual se avaliou por imunohistoqu?mica a express?o proteica da IL-17 e das quimiocinas CCR6/CCL20 e por PCR-RFLP as variantes gen?ticas em IL17A e IL17RA. Nossos resultados demonstraram n?o haver influ?ncia dos polimorfismos g?nicos sobre o desfecho do enxerto ou sobre a express?o proteica da IL-17. No microambiente do enxerto renal encontramos v?rias fontes produtoras de IL-17: c?lulas epiteliais tubulares, c?lulas glomerulares, neutr?filos e c?lulas do infiltrado intersticial, por sua vez a express?o do eixo quimiot?tico CCR6/CCL20 ficou restrita a c?lulas do epit?lio tubular. Houve uma leve correla??o linear positiva entre a presen?a de IL-17 e a express?o do eixo quimiot?tico CCR6/CCL20 no microambiente do enxerto renal. Acreditamos que, aliado aos nossos resultados, estudos posteriores com aumento do ?n? amostral e um maior controle sobre as vari?veis que envolvem a obten??o do esp?cime renal, podem determinar com maior clareza a influ?ncia exercida pelo eixo quimiot?tico CCR6/CCL20 e a exercida por polimorfismos gen?ticos em citocinas, sobre o controle da resposta Th17 nos processos de rejei??o ao aloenxerto renal. / Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for patients who have lost kidney function. Renal transplant patients require accurate immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection. In this process T helper cells of the immune system perform key role in the immune response to the graft, and recently the Th17 cells has been investigated by production of IL-17 potent proinflammatory cytokine whose role in the rejection has also been described. Increased of Th17 cell expression has an important association with the development of rejection in renal microenvironment, however the likely mechanism is not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the Th17 response from the influence of the chemotactic axis CCR6/CCL20 and genetic variants in IL-17 and IL-17RA. We conducted a case-control study involving 148 patients transplanted at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes/UFRN in which assessed by immunohistochemistry protein expression of IL-17 and chemokines CCR6/CCL20 and by PCR-RFLP genetic variants in IL17A and IL17RA. Our results showed no influence of genetic polymorphisms on the outcome of the graft or the protein expression of IL-17. In renal graft microenvironment found several sources producing IL-17: tubular epithelial cells, glomerular cells, neutrophils and cell interstitial infiltration, in turn the expression of chemotactic axis CCR6/CCL20 was restricted to the tubular epithelium cells. There was a slight positive linear correlation between the presence of IL-17 and expression of chemotactic axis CCR6/CCL20 in the microenvironment of renal graft. Therefore, we believe that, combined with our results, further studies with increased "n" sample and greater control over the variables involved in obtaining the renal specimen, can determine more clearly the influence of chemotactic axis CCR6 / CCL20 and polymorphisms in cytokines related to Th17 profile on the control of this cell subtype response in rejection processes to renal allograft.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-10T22:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAparecidaFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 1521396 bytes, checksum: d1543fe188d65d762caa9c3089c5b341 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-17T23:45:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAparecidaFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 1521396 bytes, checksum: d1543fe188d65d762caa9c3089c5b341 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-17T23:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAparecidaFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 1521396 bytes, checksum: d1543fe188d65d762caa9c3089c5b341 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A fam?lia Acanthuridae ? um grupo bastante representativo dentre os peixes marinhos e que desempenha um papel fundamental na din?mica ecol?gica dos recifes de corais. Tr?s esp?cies pertencentes ao g?nero Acanthurus s?o comuns ao longo dos recifes costeiros do Atl?ntico Ocidental: A. coeruleus, A. bahianus e A. chirurgus. No presente estudo, s?o apresentados dados citogen?ticos para estas tr?s esp?cies de Acanthurus com base em m?todos citogen?ticos cl?ssicos e no mapeamento de sequ?ncias ribossomais repetitivas, como DNAr 18S e 5S, al?m de sondas telom?ricas com a finalidade de auxiliar na compreens?o da carioevolu??o deste grupo. O padr?o citogen?tico dessas esp?cies indica que as etapas sequenciais de rearranjos cromoss?micos, que datam 19-5 milh?es de anos atr?s (Ma), s?o respons?veis por suas diferen?as interespec?ficas. Acanthurus coeruleus (2n=48; 2sm + 4st + 42a), A. bahianus (2n=36; 12m + 2sm + 4st + 18a) e A. chirurgus (2n=34; 12m + 2sm + 4st + 16a) compartilham um antigo conjunto de tr?s pares cromoss?micos originados atrav?s de invers?es peric?ntricas. Um conjunto de seis grandes pares metac?ntricos formados por transloca??es Robertsonianas (Rb) encontrado em A. bahianus e A. chirurgus e uma suposta fus?o em tandem presente em A. chirurgus s?o eventos mais recentes. A falta de sequ?ncias telom?ricas intersticiais (ITS), apesar de v?rias fus?es c?ntricas em A. bahianus e A. chirurgus pode estar relacionada com o longo per?odo de tempo ap?s a sua ocorr?ncia (estimado em 5 Ma). Al?m disso, as homeologias entre os pares de cromossomos que carregam os genes ribossomais, al?m de outras caracter?sticas estruturais, destacam grandes regi?es cromoss?micas conservadas nas tr?s esp?cies. Nossos resultados indicam que as mudan?as macroestruturais ocorreram durante a cladog?nese dessas esp?cies n?o foram seguidas por rearranjos microestruturais vis?veis nos cari?tipos. / The Acanthuridae family is a representative group from the marine fish that plays a key role in ecological dynamics of coral reefs. Three species are common along coastal reefs of Western Atlantic: Acanthurus coeruleus, Acanthurus bahianus and Acanthurus chirurgus. In the present study, cytogenetic data are presented for these three species Acanthurus based on classical cytogenetic methods and mapping of repetitive sequences such as ribosomal 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeats to improve their karyotype evolutionary analyses. The cytogenetic pattern of these species indicated sequential steps of chromosomal rearrangements dating back 19 to 5 millions of years ago (M.a.) that accounted for their interspecific differences. A. coeruleus (2n=48; 2sm+4st+42a), A. bahianus (2n=36; 12m+2sm+4st+18a) and A. chirurgus (2n=34; 12m+2sm+4st+16a) share an older set of three chromosomal pairs that were originated through pericentric inversions. A set of six large metacentric pairs formed by Robertsonian (Rb) translocations found in A. bahianus and A. chirurgus and a putative in tandem fusion found in A. chirurgus are more recent events. The lack of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) in spite of several centric fusions in A. bahianus and A. chirurgus might be related to the long period of time after their occurrence (estimated in 5 M.a.). Furthermore, the homeologies among the chromosome pairs bearing ribosomal genes, in addition to other structural features, highlight large conserved chromosomal regions in the three species. Our findings indicate that macrostructural changes occurred during the cladogenesis of these species were not followed by conspicuous microstructural rearrangements in the karyotypes.