This thesis deals with the possibilities of enterprise informatics solutions in the SME (small and medium enterprises). This target group is further specified and is taken into account especially the most strongly represented subjects in SMEs - micro-enterprises. The main goal of this work is exploring the practical use of modern trends in information systems such as cloud computing or SaaS in direct comparison with conventional enterprise informatics solutions. In the first part is the space dedicated primarily to theoretical definition of concepts and identification of elaborated topics. Inside acquaintance with individual technical terms there is an example of one particular definition of company enterprise informatics solutions demonstrated with practical examples. The needs and solving the needs of small businesses are then generalized to the common needs of such small companies. Another part is dedicated to the actual analysis of the market and possible solutions of enterprise informatics. According to the specific needs of small businesses several optimal solutions are selected and further more thoroughly investigated and tested. The collected data serve for subsequent comparison of possible enterprise informatics solutions with particular results. The reader himself can assess complexity and price of technologies, especially in the context of conventional solutions and new products. For evaluation of the needs of these small companies primarily MMDIS principles of the methodology are used. In conclusion of the thesis there is the evaluation of detected findings and creating of recommendations for these small businesses.

Med teknologins utveckling och framsteg har det blivit en utmaning för verksamheter att intehalka efter i den digitala utvecklingen. Digitalisering har potential att öka effektivitet, sänkakostnader och öka ekonomisk tillväxt inom verksamheter, vilket i sin tur leder till ökadkonkurrenskraft. Sverige har kommit långt i den digitala utvecklingen men det betyder dockinte att alla regioner i Sverige har kommit lika långt och det finns mer och mindre digitaliseradeområden i landet. Glesbygden är ett av de områdena som riskerar att halka efter, då glesbygderär mindre befolkad och får mindre resurser för att till exempel utveckla datainfrastruktur.Besöksnäringen är en viktig näring i glesbygden som sysselsätter människor, bidrar tillutveckling av samhället och den svenska ekonomin samt representerar regioner och landet i sinhelhet. Anledningen till att besöksnäringsföretagen i glesbygden var ett intressant område attundersöka var för att denna sektor anses ligga efter när det kommer till digitalisering. Tidigareforskning har visats att besöksnäringen har en lägre digital mognad än andra sektorer. Dåverksamheterna inom besöksnäringen i glesbygden består huvudsakligen av mikroföretag vardet intressant att undersöka denna grupp. Vilket ledde till att studiens syfte var att undersökahur den digitala mognaden såg ut för besöksnäringens mikroföretag i glesbygden. Arbetet harockså undersökt vilken syn företagen har på digitalisering samt utmaningar/behov somupplevdes. Genom intervjuer med fyra verksamheter i olika branscher inom besöksnäringenoch ett konsultföretag fann vi att företag i glesbygdens besöksnäring har samma positiva syn pådigitalisering och upplever liknande utmaningar/behov gällande resurser, digital kompetens ochteknologi som andra branscher/sektorer i glesbygden. En unik karaktär som vi fann var att“digital detox” vilket var en motståndskraft för digitalisering hos företagens kunder. Detta varnågot som ett företag förklarade att de använde som marknadsföring.Vår beräkning av företagens digitala mognad blev högre än tidigare studier. Vilket kan beropå att respondenterna saknade digital kompetens för att självdiagnoserna deras verksamhetdigitala mognadsgrad. Studien fann ett behov för ökad digital kompetens, detta kan bidra tillatt höja besöksnäringens mikroföretags digitala mognaden där en lösning kan vara att användasig av extern hjälp. / With the development and advancement of technology, it has become a challenge for businessesnot to lag behind in digital development. Digitalization has the potential to increase efficiency,reduce costs and increase economic growth in businesses, which in turn leads to increasedcompetitiveness. Sweden has come a long way in digital development, but this does not meanthat all regions in Sweden have come the same way and there are more and less digitized areasin the country. Rural areas are one of the areas that risk lagging behind, as rural areas are lesspopulated and have fewer resources for developing, for example data infrastructure. Thehospitality industry is an important industry in rural areas because it employs people,contributes to the development of the society and the Swedish economy, and represents regionsand the country as a whole. The reason why the hospitality companies in rural areas were aninteresting area to investigate was because this sector is considered to be lagging behind whenit comes to digitalization. Previous research has shown that the hospitality industry has a lowerdigital maturity than other sectors. Businesses within the hospitality industry in rural areasconsist mainly of micro-enterprises and therefore it was interesting to investigate this group.This led to the purpose of the study, to investigate the digital maturity for the hospitalityindustry's micro-enterprises in rural areas. This study has also examined the companies' viewson digitalization and the challenges/needs they experienced. The study gathered data throughinterviews with four companies in different trades within the hospitality industry and oneconsulting company. We found that companies in the hospitality industry in rural areas havethe same positive view of digitalization and experience similar challenges/needs regardingresources, digital skills, and technology as other trades/sectors in rural areas. A uniquecharacteristic that we found was "digital detox" which is a resistance to digitalization from thecustomers. This was something that a company explained was used as marketing.Our calculation of companies' digital maturity was higher than previous studies. Which maybe due to lack of digital competence from the respondents to self-diagnose their businessdigital maturity. The study found a need for increased digital competence, this can contributeto raising the digital maturity of the hospitality industry's micro-enterprises, where onesolution may be to use external help.

La investigación académica tiene como propósito explicar cuál es la relación entre el liderazgo y la motivación en las microempresas del sector de autopartes y accesorios en la ciudad de Cusco - Perú. Para lograr con el objetivo, se desarrolla un estudio cuantitativo correlacional y se describen los principales estilos de liderazgo y teorías de la motivación, el cual tiene como referencia al estudio realizado por los autores Specchia et al. (2021), un trabajo que muestra las correlaciones de cada tipo de liderazgo con la satisfacción laboral. Para obtener el resultado de la presente investigación se ha relacionado el liderazgo con la motivación que tienen las microempresas del sector autopartes y se busca conocer cuál es el estilo de liderazgo que prevalece en el sector de autopartes actualmente y cómo influye ello en la motivación de los colaboradores. Por último, el estudio ha concluido que existe relación considerable entre el liderazgo y la motivación, además el estilo de liderazgo transformacional y liberal presentan también relación con la variable motivación. / The purpose of the academic research is to explain the relationship between leadership and motivation in micro-enterprises in the auto parts and accessories sector in the city of Cusco - Peru. To achieve the objective, a quantitative correlational study is developed and the main leadership styles and motivation theories are described, which has as reference the study carried out by the authors Specchia et al. (2021), a study that shows the correlations of each type of leadership with job satisfaction. To obtain the result of the present investigation, leadership has been related to the motivation of micro-enterprises in the auto parts sector and it is sought to know what is the style of leadership that currently prevails in the auto parts sector and how this influences the motivation of employees. Finally, the study has concluded that there is a considerable relationship between leadership and motivation, in addition to the transformational and liberal leadership style also present a relationship with the variable motivation. / Tesis

Las investigaciones recientes han demostrado que el estilo de liderazgo transformacional tiene mayor relevancia dentro de las empresas, debido a que ayuda mucho a crear un ambiente laboral adecuado para los trabajadores. Además, en los últimos años el crear una adecuada cultura organizacional en las empresas ha tomado mucha relevancia ya que, crea vínculos grupales con el fin de generar resultados óptimos. Cabe resaltar que hay diversas investigaciones donde mencionan la relación que existe entre la variable liderazgo transformacional y la variable cultura organizacional, ya que, si una se maneja de manera correcta y tiene éxito, la otra también lo tendrá. Por ello, la presente investigación busca analizar la influencia del liderazgo transformacional en la cultura organizacional de las microempresas del sector gráfico de Lima Centro. Para la presente investigación, el análisis se realizó mediante un estudio no experimental, con una muestra de 357 colaboradores de microempresas del sector gráfico de Lima Centro. Con relación a la prueba de hipótesis se utilizó la regresión lineal simple para el objetivo general, mientras que la regresión lineal múltiple se usó en los objetivos específicos. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que existe una relación entre las variables liderazgo transformacional y cultura organizacional, por lo que un adecuado manejo del liderazgo transformacional genera una correcta cultura organizacional. Dichos resultados son de vital importancia para los microempresarios del sector gráfico, ya que aportarán una mejor cultura empresarial por medio del correcto liderazgo de los dueños a fin de lograr el desarrollo próspero de sus negocios. / Recent research has shown the transformational leadership style is the most relevant within companies, because it helps a lot to create a suitable work environment for workers. In addition, in recent years creating an adequate organizational culture in companies has become very important since it creates group links in order to generate optimal results. It should be noted that there are various investigations where they mention the relationship between the transformational leadership variable and the organizational culture variable, since if one is handled correctly and is successful, the other will also be successful. For this reason, this research seeks to analyze the influence of transformational leadership on the organizational culture of microenterprises in the graphic sector of Lima Centro. For this research, the analysis was carried out by means of a non-experimental study, with a sample of 357 collaborators from micro-enterprises in the graphic sector of Lima Centro. Regarding the hypothesis test, simple linear regression was used for the general objective, while multiple linear regression was used for the specific objectives. The results obtained showed that there is a relationship between the variables transformational leadership and organizational culture, so that an adequate management of transformational leadership generates a correct organizational culture. These results are of vital importance for the microentrepreneurs of the graphic sector, since they will contribute a better business culture through the correct leadership of the owners in order to achieve the prosperous development of their businesses. / Tesis

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Mikroföretagens roll är av stor betydelse för den svenska ekonomin. Dock visar statistik att var tredje mikroföretag går i konkurs kort efter uppstarten. Detaljhandelsbranschen visar sig vara den näst mest konkurrensutsatta branschen i Sverige samt att mikroföretag upplever finansieringsproblematik. En orsak till detta kan bero på företagares bristande kunskap om vilka finansieringalternativ som finns. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka val av finansieringsmetoder mikroföretag inom detaljhandeln väljer, samt hur andra finansieringsmetoder kan användas för att öka ett företags kapitalbehov. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och semistrukturerade intervjuer som insamlingsmetod. Studien har utgått från teorierna pecking order-teorin, trade-off teorin, det finansiella gapet samt olika finansieringsmetoder. Det insamlade materialet består av tre stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från tre mikroföretag inom detaljhandelsbranschen. Studiens slutsatser visar på att mikroföretag inom detaljhandelsbranschen väljer att finansiera sin verksamhet främst genom eget kapital. De undersökta mikroföretagen uppfattar svårigheter med banklån som finansieringsmetod på grund av informationsasymmetrin som råder mellan företagare och finansiärer. Samtliga mikroföretag upplever att det råder hög konkurrens inom detaljhandelsbranschen. / The role of microenterprises is of significance for the Swedish economy, however statistics show that every third microenterprise goes bankrupt shortly after the startup. The retail sector is proving to be the second most exposed sector for competition in Sweden. One of the reasons for this may be because of the entrepreneur’s lack of knowledge about existing financial options. The purpose of this study is to investigate the choice of financing methods for microenterprises within the retail sector and how other financing methods can be used to increase a company’s capital. The study was conducted through a qualitative research method with semistructured interviews as a collection method. The study has been based on theories such as pecking order-theory, trade-off theory, financial gap and various financing methods. The empiricism in the study consists of three semistructured interviews with respondents from three microenterprises within the retail sector. The study’s conclusion shows that microenterprises within the retail sector choose to finance their operations mainly with equity. The study’s investigated microenterprises perceive difficulties with bankloans as a financing method due to information asymmetry between entrepreneurs and financiers. All investigated microenterprises experience high competition in the retail sector.

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Syfte och forskningsfrågor: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka på vilka sätt enmans- och mikroföretag tar till sig sökmotoroptimering. Detta för att bättre förstå vilka hinder företag upplever med att ta till sig sökmotoroptimering, så att kunskap om hur företag skulle kunna ta sig förbi identifierade hinder genereras.  1. På vilka sätt tar enmans- och mikroföretag till sig sökmotoroptimering som den digitala utvecklingen möjliggjort?  2. Vad finns det för hinder för enmans- och mikroföretag att ta till sig sökmotoroptimering?  Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och har genomförts med en induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen har främst skett genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från enmans- och mikroföretag samt med experter inom området från marknadsföringsbyråer.  Slutsats: Studien har resulterat i kunskap kring hur enmans- och mikroföretag tar till sig sökmotoroptimering. Resultatet visar att enmans- och mikroföretag upplever fyra framträdande hinder när de tar till sig SEO vilka är brist på finansiella resurser, tidsbrist, extern påverkan och bristen av kunskap inom informationsteknik och strategi. Studien har vidare identifierat fem nya hinder vid implementering av SEO vilka är kunskapsbrist om teknisk implementering av SEO, föråldrad generation på företag, brist på tillit, konjunkturell påverkan samt tidsbrist. Dessa hinder kategoriseras som interna eller externa hinder beroende på hur de påverkar företag. Kunskap har även genererats kring hur enmans- och mikroföretag skulle kunna ta sig förbi dessa hinder. / Purpose and research questions: The purpose of this study is to investigate how one-person- and microenterprises relate to search engine optimization. This to better understand what kind of barriers companies experience when adopting search engine optimization, to generate knowledge about how companies could overcome the identified barriers.  1. In what ways does one-person- and microenterprises adopt search engine optimization which the digital development has enabled?  2. What kind of barriers do one-person- and microenterprises experience when adopting search engine optimization?  Method: The study is of qualitative nature and has been implemented with an inductive approach. The data has mainly been collected through eight semistructured interviews with respondents from one-person- and microenterprises as well as experts in the field from marketing agencies.  Conclusion: The study has resulted in knowledge about how one-person- and microenterprises relate to search engine optimization. The result shows that one-person- and microenterprises experience four prominent barriers when approaching SEO. These four barriers are lack of financial resources, lack of time, external impact and lack of knowledge in information technology and strategy. The study has further identified five new barriers when enterprises approach SEO which are lack of knowledge about technical implementation of SEO, elderly generations at the company, lack of trust, impact of business cycle and lack of time. These barriers are categorized as internal or external barriers depending on how they affect companies. The study has also generated knowledge about how one-person and microenterprises could overcome these barriers.

En la actualidad las empresas están en constante crecimiento y necesitan del apoyo de herramientas tecnológicas para actualizarse y seguir vigentes en el mercado. Al respecto, hemos identificado que el proceso de declaración de impuestos es la columna vertebral de casi todas las empresas formales y constituidas, las cuales están obligadas a esta clase de tributación y muchas de ellas son las microempresas que no cuentan con mucha experiencia, por ello surge la necesidad de poder realizar esta delegación a un personal capacitado. Sin embargo, en su gran mayoría esto no suele suceder, ya que no se contrata a este tipo de personal por falta de tiempo o dinero. Para solucionar esta problemática, se creó Tributa.Ya, un aplicativo móvil que ayudará a los microempresarios a declarar y pagar impuestos de una manera rápida y sencilla. Además, Tributa.Ya te brinda las opciones de cronogramas de pagos y asesorías con el propósito de hacer crecer los emprendimientos. Al culminar el periodo operacional de Tributa.Ya Va ser rentable, ya que, en base a los indicadores analizados como el VAN, TIR y PRD, se sabe que el valor actual neto es de S/. 419,649, el periodo de recupero de la inversión de tres años y una tasa interna de retorno de 146%. En base a estos indicadores nos permiten afirmar que nuestro proyecto es viable y dará una alta rentabilidad a los inversionistas, por lo que concluimos que va ser recomendable invertir en Tributa.Ya. / Currently, companies are constantly growing and need the support of technological tools to update themselves and remain current in the market. In this regard, we have identified that the tax filing process is the backbone of almost all formal and incorporated companies, which are obliged to this type of taxation and many of them are micro-companies that do not have much experience, therefore The need arises to be able to carry out this delegation to a trained staff. However, for the most part this does not usually happen, since this type of staff is not hired due to lack of time or money. To solve this problem, Tributa.Ya was created, a mobile application that will help micro entrepreneurs to declare and pay taxes quickly and easily. In addition, Tributa.Ya already offers you the options of payment schedules and consultancies with the purpose of making businesses grow. At the end of Tributa.Ya operational period, it will already be profitable, since, based on the indicators analyzed such as the NPV, IRR and PRD, it is known that the net present value is S/ 437,921.06. the payback period of the investment of two years and an internal rate of return of 131.22%. Based on these indicators, they allow us to affirm that our project is viable and will give investors a high return, so we conclude that it will be advisable to invest in Tributa.Ya. / Trabajo de investigación

The study aims to evaluate the Entrepreneurial Seed Fund Programme (ESFP) of the Cape Winelands District Municipality (CWDM). This Programme aims to provide seed funding to emerging and established businesses in order to start and/or grow their businesses. The Programme provides funding through a grant-in-kind by procuring the goods and equipment that the business needs. The businesses qualifying for the funding are not solely focusing on profit-making; they are addressing social issues through business activities in their communities. The population of the study includes five successful and unsuccessful beneficiaries and a questionnaire was designed in order to determine the contributing factors to the success or failure of the business and if the objectives of the Programme was realised. In conclusion, the ESFP can be regarded as a sustainable programme which contributed to job creation and social upliftment. The ESFP should be strengthened with a small business incubation programme in order to enhance its sustainability. / Public Administration & Management / M. Tech. (Public Management)