No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Globalt sett är depression det sjukdomstillstånd som står för störst sjukdomsbörda mätt i år förlorade till sjukdom. Incidensen av depression i världen har ökat med 49 % från 1990 till 2017 och forskning har visat ett samband mellan kön och ålder samt depression. Motiv: Det finns bristande kunskap om vad som kännetecknar personer med nedstämdhet. Det är oklart om de samband som finns gällande funktionsnedsättning och depression även har ett samband gällande nedstämdhet. En ökad kunskap hos distriktssköterskor om kännetecken för nedstämdhet hos äldre kan förväntas leda till att detta tillstånd identifieras både tidigare och bland fler personer. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att identifiera kännetecken på nedstämdhet hos äldre personer i särskilt boende. Metod: Data till denna studie har inhämtats från en longitudinell studie (Äldre vårdade på institution i Västerbotten) och består av data från instrumentet MultiDimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS). Studien riktades mot personer boendes i särskilda boenden för äldre i Västerbotten i maj 2013. Totalt besvarades 2210 enkäter (svarsfrekvens 70,1 %). Chi2-analys användes för att identifiera variabler med statistiskt signifikanta samband med nedstämdhet. En stegvis logistisk regressionsanalys användes för att skapa en förklaringsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet visar att aggressivitet, verbalt störande eller uppmärksamhetssökande beteende, hallucinationer, smärta samt kvinnligt kön var förknippat med en ökad sannolikhet för förekomst av nedstämdhet. Det visar även att ålder var en skyddsfaktor i detta sammanhang. Modellen förklarade 6,7-12,6 % av variationen. Konklusion: Distriktssköterskor har en viktig roll när det gäller att identifieranedstämdhet hos äldre, vilket vårt resultat kan bidra till. / Background: Globally, depression is the medical condition with the highest burden of disease measured in years lost to illness compared to all diseases. The incidence of depression in the world has increased with 49 % from 1990 until 2017, and research shows a correlation between sex, age and depression. Motive: There is a lack of knowledge about what characterizes people with minor depression. It is not clear whether the existing association between disability and depression also are related to minor depression. Increased knowledge of characteristics of minor depression in the elderly among district nurses can be expected to lead to the condition being identified earlier and among more people. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify signs of minor depression in elderly persons living in elder care facilities. Methods: Data for this study was obtained from a longitudinal survey and consisted of data from the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS). It was aimed at persons living in elder care facilities in Västerbotten in May of 2013. In total, 2210 surveys were answered with a response rate of 70,1 %. Chi2-analysis were used to identify variables with a statistically significant relationship with minor depression. In addition, a step-wise logistic regression analysis was used to create a model of explanation. Result: The result shows that aggressiveness, verbally disruptive or attention-seeking behaviour, hallucinations, pain and female sex were associated with an increased chance probability of minor depression. It also shows that age was a protective factor in this context. The model explaineds 6,7-12,6 % of the occurence of minor depression. variance.  Conclusion: District nurses have an important role in identifying minor depression in older people, which our result can contribute to.

The thesis is a qualitative case study which examines how International Organizations promote democracy and the Ghanaians views and experiences of the process. The case study is a Minor Field Study conducted in Accra, Ghana during two months through semi-structured interviews and the collection of secondary sources such as literature, UN documents, journal articles and internet sources. The theoretical discussion has its starting point in a theoretical framework of democracy. The aim of the case study is to make visible the Ghanaians perceptions of IOs democracy promotion and the issues that are included in it. This study concludes that IOs need to revise their methods of democracy promotion and determination of democracies through more focus on the time between elections. Furthermore it highlights the importance to separate economic and democratic development and investigate the time between elections in the process.

In recent years, Brahms’s music has begun to occupy a larger role in the consciousness of musicologists, and with this surge of interest came a refreshingly original approach to his music. Although the First Piano Concerto op. 15 of Johannes Brahms is a beloved part of the standard piano repertoire, there is a curious under-representation of the work through the lens of historical performance practice. This monograph addresses the various aspects that comprise a thorough performance practice analysis of the concerto. These include pedaling, articulation, phrasing, and questions of tempo, an element that takes on greater importance beyond just complicating matters technically. These elements are then put into the context of Brahms’s own pianism, conducting, teaching, and musicological endeavors based on first and second-hand accounts of the composer’s work. It is the combining of these concepts that serves to illuminate the concerto in a far more detailed fashion, and ultimately enabling us to re-evaluate whether the time honored modern interpretations of the work fall within the boundaries that Brahms himself would have considered effective and accurate. / Music Performance

This dissertation pursues the following three objectives: (1) a comprehensive formal analysis of Franz Liszt’s sonata in B minor that combines adequate analytical models; (2) various hermeneutic approaches to the sonata that trace thematic and expressive transformations and deviational elements from sonata conventions; and (3) a comprehensive interpretation of the sonata analysis and the hermeneutic analyses based on historical, religious, and political contexts around Liszt and the sonata, which will differentiate this dissertation from preceding research on the sonata and other sonata genres in the nineteenth century. Chapter 1 begins with a literature review, focusing on (1) the sonata’s formal analyses and (2) programmatic approaches. Considering the formal boundaries of the sonata are still disputable in former research, I argue that the sonata strongly demands appropriate analytical methodologies in order to uncover its exceptional form. These methodologies include James Hepokoski’s and Waren Darcy’s sonata theory (2006), Leonard Meyer’s “secondary parameters” (1989), and Peter Smith’s “dimensional counterpoint” (2005), which will be discussed in Chapter 2. Hepokoski’s and Darcy’s sonata theory reveals the conventions of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century sonatas and suggests hermeneutic interpretations that result from deviations from these conventions. Secondary parameters and dimensional counterpoint are critical in shaping musical processes and form. I provide a three-step sonata analysis based on the analytical ground that combines these methodologies. My analysis offers a comprehensive view of the entire sonata as a one-movement sonata form, including structural, motivic, and narrative analyses. Chapter 1 also describes several programmatic approaches that Liszt scholars have developed. However, an obsession with the good/evil dichotomy in former research narrows narratives of the sonata. Considering that the sonata presents five motto themes, interpretations of the sonata may be more extensive and complex than previous research has found. I develop various and distinctive hermeneutic readings of the sonata in Chapter 3, which includes the following three sub-sections: 1) Topical approach; 2) Narrative approach; and 3) Lacanian approach. The topical approach investigates how different topical significations are manifested in Liszt’s sonata in nineteenth-century historical and cultural contexts. The narrative approach concentrates on five mottos presented in the sonata and their motivic and expressive transformations. The Lacanian approach concentrates on a lack of strong cadences in the sonata, relating to Lacan’s famous concept, objet petit a, an unattainable object of desire. Then, I continue to use the Lacanian viewpoint to interpret an unresolved fully-diminished seventh harmony as a Sinthome, a symptom that can never be healed. In Chapter 4, I relate Liszt’s religious convictions and various struggles to bring about another hermeneutic reading in the political, religious, and theological contexts around Liszt and the sonata, by revisiting my interpretations in Chapter 3. / Music Theory

Part (i) -The Minor Alkaloids: Annotoxine, C32H44O5N2, has now been isolated from a Canadian source. It has been separated into the alkaloids acrifoline, C16H23O2N, and annotine (alkaloid L 11), C16H21O3N. Both alkaloids have been shown to possess one hydroxyl group, one carbonyl group and one centre of unsaturation. The lack of reactivity of the third oxygen function of annotine suggests that it is present in an ether linkage. The identity of O-acetylacrifoline with alkaloid L 12 has also been proved. Part (ii) -Diphenylannotinine: Diphenylannotinine has been shown to be C28H33O3N. It possesses two hydroxyl groups, the third oxygen is present in an ether linkage. The exact nature of the ether linkage could not be ascertained on the basis of the experimental evidence. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.