This paper investigates the decline in success of nonviolent conflicts. While nonviolent conflicts are known to have higher efficacy compared to violent conflicts, this disparity has decreased since the 1990s. Previous scholars have divided the causes behind the success of nonviolent conflict into three categories: (1) mobilization; (2) resilience; and (3) leverage. The hypothesis is that one or more of these factors have changed and is the cause behind the decline. The research uses a largeN quantitative method, comparing the two time periods of 1945 – 1999 with 2000 – 2013. The resulting descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and likelihood ratio tests show that mobilization has decreased alongside a decrease in how successfully nonviolent campaigns utilize leverage over their opponents. These findings invite further investigation into why this decrease has occurred.

Through the lens of analyses of populist mobilizations informed by political sociology, this study offers a new perspective on tactics used by anti-gender campaigns. Specifically examining the Education Curriculum and the Enfoque de Igualdad de Género [Gender Equality Approach] in congressional debates in Peru in 2018 and 2019, this study uses a qualitative content analysis to identify central themes. The themes reveal tactics that sabotage feminist gains in educational reforms, spearheaded by Christian political actors. The argument is thus that Christian political actors use tactics such as coopting feminist concepts such as “gender” and re-framing it as “gender ideology”. This is an example of using “emotional epistemic loops” of information to achieve political goals, in this case advancing patriarchal Christian values and undermining feminist and gender equality gains.

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The thesis explores the mobilization strategy of the non-systemic far right in Russia. The study focuses on two aspects of this phenomenon. First, it examines the mobilization strategy and second, it analyses its impact on the success of the far right's political demands. The thesis applies the theoretical concept of social movement and the classification of collective action by Sidney Tarrow. Mobilization is a complex issue that cannot be researched as an isolated event. For this reason, the thesis also focuses on the determinants that precede such mobilization and that, simultaneously,affect its form and strength. The thesis concludes that the most effective mobilization strategy is to concentrate on organizing disruptive and episodic actions in which the condition of the presence of an inter-ethnic conflict must be met. Among the typical features of such disruptive and episodic collective actions, the following can be listed: a requirement for displacement of the non-Russian population from the conflict area, the formation of local security and political strutures, and effective work with disinformation and media in general. Finally, the thesis determines that the mobilization strategy was more impactful on the regional level where the far right was more successful in pressing its demands. At...

Gender provisions have the overarching goal of enhancing gender equality, however few peace agreements include strong gender provisions. The presence of strong gender provisions in ceasefire agreements has crucial implications in the immediate and post-conflict phase in improving women’s situation. I use structured, focused comparison in this study to explore when and how strong gender provisions on violence against women are adopted. I focus on conflicts with a high prevalence of sexual violence and contexts where women mobilize in the conflict to advocate for women’s rights. I demonstrate the relationship between international involvement and strong gender provisions. I argue that in civil wars with a high level of international involvement in support of peace, ceasefire agreements are more likely to include strong gender provisions on violence against women. This is possible through the mechanism of international actors serving as brokers for the women’s movement that is already mobilized to access and influence the peace process. This mechanism is particularly crucial for autocratic countries where women’s mobilization is not sufficient to lead to strong gender provisions. However, the findings are applicable to countries with other regime types.

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Background: Ewing sarcoma is one of the most frequent soft-tissue tumors in pediatric patients. The current treatment protocols recommend stem cell apheresis (SCA) after completion of the second course of induction therapy with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicine, and etoposide (VIDE). The feasibility of SCA and graft compositions in adult patients with Ewing sarcoma have not been previously analyzed. Methods and Materials: The authors analyzed 29 stem cell collections of 19 adult patients (9 male, 10 female) at a median age of 27 (range 19–53) years mobilized after VIDE (n = 17), cyclophosphamide/topotecan (n = 1) or vincristine, dactinomycin and ifosfamide (n = 1) chemotherapy. All patients were mobilized with filgrastim 5 μg/kg twice daily from day +7 of chemotherapy. The collections were performed if CD34+ cell count in peripheral blood was >10/μL. The target yields were ≥4106 CD34+ cells/kg body weight. Results: Median CD34+ cells/μL in peripheral blood before SCA were 45.8 (range 6.7–614.4)/μL. The median cumulative yields were 10.6 (range 1.5–38.8) CD34+ cells/kg body weight and ≥2106 in all but two patients (89%). CD34, CD3, and CD56 yields in collections after the third VIDE and after later courses did not differ. Four patients underwent high-dose therapy with autologous transplantation, and all were engrafted. Discussion: Stem cell mobilization is feasible in most Ewing sarcoma patients. Additionally, the present study's data suggest that it is safe to postpone stem cell collection to a later VIDE chemotherapy cycle if medically indicated

This thesis explores the practice of “youtubing Sápmi”, which entails Sámi decolonial mobilization, multisemiotic and multilingual language use on YouTube. The aim is to understand how YouTube videos can function as a tool for discursive mobilization and as a complement or alternative to linguistic and cultural revitalization. In recent years, more interest has been directed towards Sámi music and media. While such research has explored acts of resistance, anti-colonial counter-narratives and negotiations of identity in Sámi music and media, few studies have investigated the discursive strategies used in Sámi performance in the Swedish context. In addressing this research gap, drawing from sociolinguistic research on interdiscursivity, indexicality and sociolinguistic scales, this thesis analyses how multisemiotic resources are used in discursive strategies of Sámi decolonial mobilization on YouTube. The analysis reveals that a variety of multisemiotic resources and discourses are used to construe type and token interdiscursivity that establish connectivity across time, space and scales that connect local issues to the national and the global. Furthermore, the deployment of different language repertoires – North Sámi, Swedish and English – point to the multi-scalar aspects of Sámi decolonial mobilization. These results indicate that the practice of youtubing Sápmi is a powerful tool for raising awareness, challenging coloniality and creating space for Sámi linguistic and cultural practices. In sum, the thesis provides insights into the potentials for agentive and creative use of interdiscursivity, as well as the affordances for creative multisemiotic language use on YouTube.

Bakgrund: God omvårdnad och snabb mobilisering till den drabbade personen är ett krav för att kunna återgå till en fungerande vardag efter en höftoperation. Tidig postoperativ mobilisering har visat sig minska risken för komplikationer. Aktuell forskning belyser kunskapsbrister hos hälso- och sjukvårdpersonal angående patienters upplevelser av tidig mobilisering samt bristande forskning kring sjuksköterskors etablerande av förtroendefulla relationer och kommunikation med patienter, vilket medför utmaningar i vården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters upplevelser av postoperativ mobilisering efter höftoperation. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie utfördes och 11 resultatartiklar inkluderades. Resultat: Analysen av resultatartiklarna identifierade följande fyra kategorier: upplevelser av bristande kommunikation och information, upplevelser av rädsla, sårbarhet och isolering, upplevelser av motivation, stöd och självuppfattning och upplevelser av att återgå till en ny vardag som belyser upplevelser av att anpassa sig till en ny normalitet, smärta och sömn. Konklusion/implikation: Bristande kommunikation från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, rädsla för felbelastning och känslor av sårbarhet och isolering framstod som de vanligast förekommande upplevelserna. Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal behöver öka sin förståelse för hur patienter upplever postoperativ mobilisering. En implikation av resultatet är att ytterligare utbildning och forskning behövs för att förstå och möta patienters behov och upplevelser för att kunna erbjuda god och effektiv omvårdnad. / Background: Adequate care and mobilization for the individual is essential to facilitate a return to daily life following hip surgery. Early postoperative mobilization has been shown to reduce the risk of complications. Current research highlights knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals regarding patients' experiences of early mobilization, as well as insufficient research concerning nurses' establishment of trusting relationships and communication with patients, posing challenges in healthcare. Aim: The aim was to illustrate patients' experiences of postoperative mobilization following hip surgery. Method: A general literature review was conducted, and 11 research articles were included. Results: Analysis of the research articles identified the following four categories: experiences of inadequate communication and information, experiences of fear, vulnerability, and isolation, experiences of motivation, support, and self-perception, and experiences of returning to a new daily life, which contain experiences of adjusting to a new normalcy, pain, and sleep. Conclusion/Implication: Inadequate communication from healthcare professionals, fear of misloading, and feelings of vulnerability and isolation were the most reported experiences. Healthcare professionals need to enhance their understanding of how patients perceive postoperative mobilization. An implication of the findings is that further education and research are necessary to understand and address patients' needs to provide quality and efficient care.