Business organisations today are faced with the complex problem of dealing with evolution in their software information systems. This effectively concerns the accommodation and facilitation of change, in terms of both changing user requirements and changing technological requirements. An approach that uses the software development life-cycle as a vehicle to study the problem of evolution is adopted. This involves the stages of requirements analysis, system specification, design, implementation, and finally operation and maintenance. The problem of evolution is one requiring proactive as well as reactive solutions for any given application domain. Measuring evolvability in conceptual models and the specification of changing requirements are considered. However, even "best designs" are limited in dealing with unanticipated evolution, and require implementation phase paradigms that can facilitate an evolution correctly (semantic integrity), efficiently (minimal disruption of services) and consistently (all affected parts are consistent following the change). These are also discussed / Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

Les langages dédiés de modélisation (DSMLs) sont de plus en plus utilisés dans les phases amont du développement des systèmes complexes, en particulier pour les systèmes critiques embarqués. L’objectif est de pouvoir raisonner très tôt dans le développement sur ces modèles et, notamment, de conduire des activités de vérification et validation (V and V). Une technique très utilisée est la vérification des modèles comportementaux par exploration exhaustive (model-checking) en utilisant une sémantique de traduction pour construire un modèle formel à partir des modèles métiers pour réutiliser les outils performants disponibles pour les modèles formels. Définir cette sémantique de traduction, exprimer les propriétés formelles à vérifier et analyser les résultats nécessite une expertise dans les méthodes formelles qui freine leur adoption et peut rebuter les concepteurs. Il est donc nécessaire de construire pour chaque DSML, une chaîne d’outils qui masque les aspects formels aux utilisateurs. L’objectif de cette thèse est de faciliter le développement de telles chaînes de vérification. Notre contribution inclut 1) l’expression des propriétés comportementales au niveau métier en s’appuyant sur TOCL (Temporal Object Constraint Language), une extension temporelle du langage OCL; 2) la transformation automatique de ces propriétés en propriétés formelles en réutilisant les éléments clés de la sémantique de traduction; 3) la remontée des résultats de vérification grâce à une transformation d’ordre supérieur et un langage de description de correspondance entre le domaine métier et le domaine formel et 4) le processus associé de mise en oeuvre. Notre approche a été validée par l’expérimentation sur un sous-ensemble du langage de modélisation de processus de développement SPEM, et sur le langage de commande d’automates programmables Ladder Diagram, ainsi que par l’intégration d’un langage formel intermédiaire (FIACRE) dans la chaîne outillée de vérification. Ce dernier point permet de réduire l’écart sémantique entre les DSMLs et les domaines formels. / Domain specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) are increasingly used at the early phases in the development of complex systems, in particular, for safety critical systems. The goal is to be able to reason early in the development on these models and, in particular, to fulfill verification and validation activities (V and V). A widely used technique is the exhaustive behavioral model verification using model-checking by providing a translational semantics to build a formal model from DSML conforming models in order to reuse powerful tools available for this formal domain. Defining a translational semantics, expressing formal properties to be assessed and analysing such verification results require such an expertise in formal methods that it restricts their adoption and may discourage the designers. It is thus necessary to build for each DSML, a toolchain which hides formal aspects for DSML end-users. The goal of this thesis consists in easing the development of such verification toolchains. Our contribution includes 1) expressing behavioral properties in the DSML level by relying on TOCL (Temporal Object Constraint Language), a temporal extension of OCL; 2) An automated transformation of these properties on formal properties while reusing the key elements of the translational semantics; 3) the feedback of verification results thanks to a higher-order transformation and a language which defines mappings between DSML and formal levels; 4) the associated process implementation. Our approach was validated by the experimentation on a subset of the development process modeling language SPEM, and on Ladder Diagram language used to specify programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and by the integration of a formal intermediate language (FIACRE) in the verification toolchain. This last point allows to reduce the semantic gap between DSMLs and formal domains.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3725.pdf: 10739075 bytes, checksum: 66873da98206d03f71730ae408582888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Web 2.0 allowed users more interactivity with Web applications. The so-called Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) have transposed the boundaries of simple interfaces built only in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Through the adoption of technologies that enable the creation of more advanced interfaces, RIAs resemble the appearance and behavior of desktop applications. On the other hand, the demand for software in Ubiquitous Computing, in which access to applications occurs anywhere, at any time and from different devices, has raised new challenges for Software Engineering. One of these challenges is related to the adaptation of the contents of an application to the numerous devices that can access it in distinct contexts. Given the diversity of devices, access networks, environments and possible contexts, providing applications that meet the peculiarities of each access device, while keeping a consistent appearance and behavior in view of the changes occurring in the surrounding environment, has become a difficult task for software engineers. In applications that use rich interfaces in Web 2.0 for improving the interactivity, this task becomes even more complex due to the need of preserving the interaction aspects that afford users a richer experience with the application. This task can be facilitated using a software process that guides developers in building a ubiquitous application, considering the different contexts involved in its execution. Faced with these challenges, this work proposes a software process, named Model Driven RichUbi, aiming at supporting the development of rich interfaces for ubiquitous applications that adapt themselves when viewed on different types of devices. Based on the Model Driven Development and Domain-Specific Modeling conceptions, in the process are defined activities and artifacts that help in modeling and partial code generation of rich interfaces for different platforms. Besides, dynamic content adapters that refine the produced interface versions are also employed in the process, so that the developed interfaces can adapt to the peculiarities of the access device identified from the interaction context at runtime. The computational support focused on the Rich Interfaces Domain employed in the process is advantageous since it can be reused to simplify the development of adaptive rich interfaces for ubiquitous applications of several fields, which contributes to effort reduction and productivity increasing. / A Web 2.0 permitiu aos usuários maior interatividade com as aplicações Web. As chamadas Aplicações de Internet Ricas (RIAs Rich Internet Applications) transpuseram os limites das interfaces simples construídas apenas em Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Através da adoção de tecnologias que permitem a criação de interfaces mais avançadas, as RIAs assemelham-se à aparência e comportamento das aplicações desktop. Por outro lado, a demanda por software na Computação Ubíqua, onde o acesso às aplicações ocorre de qualquer lugar, a qualquer hora e a partir de diferentes dispositivos, fez surgir novos desafios para a Engenharia de Software. Um desses desafios está relacionado com a adaptação das aplicações acessadas por diferentes dispositivos em contextos distintos. Dada a diversidade de dispositivos, redes de acesso, ambientes e contextos possíveis, prover aplicações que satisfaçam as peculiaridades de cada dispositivo de acesso, ao mesmo tempo em que mantêm um comportamento e aparência coerentes face às mudanças que ocorrem no ambiente ao redor, tornou-se uma difícil tarefa para os engenheiros de software. Nas aplicações que utilizam de interfaces ricas na Web 2.0, para melhorar a interatividade, essa tarefa torna-se mais complexa devido à necessidade de preservar os aspectos de interação que proporcionam aos usuários uma rica experiência com a aplicação. Tal tarefa pode ser facilitada usando um processo de software que oriente o desenvolvedor na construção de uma aplicação ubíqua, considerando os diferentes contextos em que se executa a aplicação. Diante desses desafios e visando a dar suporte ao desenvolvimento de interfaces ricas de aplicações ubíquas que se adaptam quando visualizadas em diferentes dispositivos, neste trabalho é proposto o processo denominado Model Driven RichUbi. Com base nas concepções de Desenvolvimento Dirigido a Modelos e Modelagem Específica de Domínio, são definidos atividades e artefatos que orientam a modelagem e geração parcial de código das interfaces ricas para diferentes contextos. No Model Driven RichUbi, também são utilizados adaptadores dinâmicos de conteúdo que refinam as versões produzidas das interfaces para se adequarem às peculiaridades do dispositivo de acesso identificadas do contexto da interação em tempo de execução. O apoio computacional no Domínio de Interfaces Ricas empregado no processo tem a vantagem de poder ser reutilizado no desenvolvimento de interfaces ricas adaptativas em aplicações ubíquas de diferentes domínios, colaborando para a redução de esforços e aumento da produtividade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3904.pdf: 4532803 bytes, checksum: c80f4984c56dad9f691df40c1f9c2758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-03 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Due to the problems faced in Healthcare, this is heading towards a paradigm shift. This change suggests that the care is no longer focused exclusively on large hospitals and into the hands of specialized professionals. Thus, the goal is to distribute the Healthcare, making the patient play a key role in the process. Hence, the Pervasive Healthcare intends to provide the distribution of the model through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), enabling access to Healthcare anywhere and anytime. The creation of Pervasive Healthcare environments brings different challenges, which include the variety of devices to access information and the diversity of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) that may constitute such environment. In this context, the interoperability appears to be a fundamental requirement, since the information should be shared regardless of the existing heterogeneities. Aiming to provide this interoperability, different standards were set in order to facilitate the interaction between heterogeneous HISs. Some examples of these standards are the communication protocols developed by the Health Level Seven (HL7) committee, which are exclusive to the Healthcare domain. However, the standards set by the HL7 committee bring deficiencies to the clinical concepts representation and also has a relatively complex development process. An alternative to the knowledge representation in Healthcare is the use of archetypes, which are pieces of knowledge that show how to represent concepts or information of a given domain via computable expressions. Thus, this work presents an approach that integrates archetypes to HL7 v3 messages, for the communication of ubiquitous applications in Pervasive Healthcare. With the help of Model Driven Development, a process, which consists of activities designed to assist developers in adopting these standards, is defined. This approach makes use of modeling and partial code generation for simplifying and turning the development of the messages used in the environment more intuitive. The combination of these technologies enables an already established communication standard to improve its semantic quality, thus contributing to the achievement of the interoperability. / Devido aos problemas enfrentados no Cuidado de Saúde, este caminha para uma mudança de paradigma. Tal mudança propõe que o cuidado deixe de estar centrado exclusivamente nos grandes centros hospitalares e nas mãos de profissionais especializados. O objetivo então é tornar o Cuidado de Saúde distribuído, onde o próprio paciente desempenha um papel fundamental no processo. Nesse sentido, o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo visa habilitar esse modelo distribuído através do emprego de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), permitindo o acesso ao Cuidado de Saúde de qualquer local e a qualquer momento. A construção de ambientes para o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo apresenta diferentes desafios, dentre os quais estão a diversidade de dispositivos de acesso às informações e a diversidade de Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) que podem constituir tal ambiente. Nesse contexto, a interoperabilidade aparece como um requisito fundamental, já que as informações devem ser compartilhadas independentemente das heterogeneidades existentes. Visando prover essa interoperabilidade, diferentes padrões surgiram com o objetivo de facilitar a interação entre SIHs heterogêneos. Exemplos são os protocolos de comunicação desenvolvidos pelo comitê Health Level Seven (HL7), os quais são exclusivos do domínio Cuidado de Saúde. No entanto, os padrões desenvolvidos pelo comitê HL7 apresentam deficiências na representação dos conceitos clínicos, além de possuir um processo de desenvolvimento relativamente complexo. Uma alternativa para a representação do conhecimento no domínio Cuidado de Saúde é o uso de arquétipos, que são pedaços de conhecimento que indicam como representar conceitos ou informações de um dado domínio via expressões computáveis. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem, que integra arquétipos às mensagens HL7 v3, para a comunicação de aplicações ubíquas no Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo. Com o auxílio do Desenvolvimento Dirigido a Modelos, é definido um processo composto por atividades que visam auxiliar os desenvolvedores na adoção desses padrões. Essa abordagem faz uso de modelagem e geração parcial de código para simplificar e tornar mais intuitivo o desenvolvimento das mensagens utilizadas no ambiente. A combinação dessas tecnologias permite que um padrão de comunicação já estabelecido tenha sua qualidade semântica aprimorada, contribuindo assim para o alcance da interoperabilidade. Devido aos problemas enfrentados no Cuidado de Saúde, este caminha para uma mudança de paradigma. Tal mudança propõe que o cuidado deixe de estar centrado exclusivamente nos grandes centros hospitalares e nas mãos de profissionais especializados. O objetivo então é tornar o Cuidado de Saúde distribuído, onde o próprio paciente desempenha um papel fundamental no processo. Nesse sentido, o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo visa habilitar esse modelo distribuído através do emprego de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), permitindo o acesso ao Cuidado de Saúde de qualquer local e a qualquer momento. A construção de ambientes para o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo apresenta diferentes desafios, dentre os quais estão a diversidade de dispositivos de acesso às informações e a diversidade de Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) que podem constituir tal ambiente. Nesse contexto, a interoperabilidade aparece como um requisito fundamental, já que as informações devem ser compartilhadas independentemente das heterogeneidades existentes. Visando prover essa interoperabilidade, diferentes padrões surgiram com o objetivo de facilitar a interação entre SIHs heterogêneos. Exemplos são os protocolos de comunicação desenvolvidos pelo comitê Health Level Seven (HL7), os quais são exclusivos do domínio Cuidado de Saúde. No entanto, os padrões desenvolvidos pelo comitê HL7 apresentam deficiências na representação dos conceitos clínicos, além de possuir um processo de desenvolvimento relativamente complexo. Uma alternativa para a representação do conhecimento no domínio Cuidado de Saúde é o uso de arquétipos, que são pedaços de conhecimento que indicam como representar conceitos ou informações de um dado domínio via expressões computáveis. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem, que integra arquétipos às mensagens HL7 v3, para a comunicação de aplicações ubíquas no Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo. Com o auxílio do Desenvolvimento Dirigido a Modelos, é definido um processo composto por atividades que visam auxiliar os desenvolvedores na adoção desses padrões. Essa abordagem faz uso de modelagem e geração parcial de código para simplificar e tornar mais intuitivo o desenvolvimento das mensagens utilizadas no ambiente. A combinação dessas tecnologias permite que um padrão de comunicação já estabelecido tenha sua qualidade semântica aprimorada, contribuindo assim para o alcance da interoperabilidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4801.pdf: 4117819 bytes, checksum: b4df67024157ee1a2c79256315a97e7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-13 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Software development techniques continually evolve in order to improve development and maintenance processes in addition to lower costs and higher quality. The goal of MDD is to reduce the semantic distance between a problem and its solution specification. Therefore MDD focuses on high-level abstraction modeling and successive model transformations, until finally, generate code. Studies assert that model-driven development can be significantly more efficient than traditional source code-driven software development and still reduce the possibility of occurrence of several problems during the software life-cycle. Likewise, Web engineering can also be benefited by MDD adoption, especially when supported by approaches that facilitate MDD use. Web development is usually agile with frequent releases, these approaches must be flexible to adapt to this context. However, generally, the approaches proposed by the academic community have complex processes which involve many different model definitions, programming languages, plug-ins and IDEs. These features contradict the practices adopted by Web developers. This paper presents the MWDA (Model-Driven Web Applications) approach that provides a simple process to support model-driven web development. This approach does not depend on tools, technologies or plug-ins and encourage combination with other forms of reuse and development processes. Furthermore, the Ruby- MDWA was developed with Ruby language and Ruby on Rails framework support, in order to create Web applications with MDWA assistance. This tool provides a set of textual models and defines M2M and M2C transformation tools, maintaining the requirements traceability since its specification to its construction and further maintenance. In order to show the use of the approach and tool, it was performed a real study case with a software company, from São Carlos SP, where a project management system was developed. In parallel, two experiments were conducted with undergraduate students in Computer Science and Computer Engineering and a Masters in Computer Science, to evaluate the gains and limitations of the Ruby-MDWA tool. / As técnicas de desenvolvimento de software evoluem continuamente com a finalidade de melhorar processos de construção e manutenção de software, além de obter ganhos em tempo, custo e qualidade. O objetivo do MDD é reduzir a distância semântica entre um problema e a especificação de sua solução. Para isso, MDD tem enfoque na modelagem de alto nível de abstração e em sucessivos refinamentos dos modelos construídos em artefatos mais detalhados, até enfim, gerar código. Há afirmações de que o desenvolvimento orientado a modelos pode ser significativamente mais eficiente que o desenvolvimento tradicional guiado por código fonte, além de reduzir a possibilidade de ocorrência de uma série de problemas durante o ciclo de vida do software. Da mesma forma, a engenharia de aplicações Web também pode ser beneficiada pela adoção de MDD, em especial com o apoio de abordagens que facilitem sua utilização. Como o desenvolvimento de aplicações Web comumente é ágil e com publicações freqüentes, essas abordagens devem ser flexíveis para que se adaptem a esse contexto. Entretanto, em geral, as abordagens propostas pela comunidade acadêmica apresentam processos complexos que envolvem diversos modelos, linguagens de programação, plug-ins e ambientes de programação. Essas características contrariam as práticas aprovadas pelos desenvolvedores Web. Esta dissertação apresenta a abordagem MDWA (Model-Driven Web Applications) que fornece um processo simples para desenvolvimento de software Web com apoio de MDD. A abordagem não depende de ferramentas, tecnologias ou plug-ins e estimula a combinação com outras formas de reuso e processos de desenvolvimento. Além disso, foi construída uma ferramenta, denominada Ruby-MDWA, baseada na linguagem Ruby e no framework Ruby on Rails destinada à criação de aplicações Web com auxílio da abordagem MDWA. Essa ferramenta fornece um conjunto de quatro modelos textuais e define transformadores M2M e M2C, que mantém a rastreabilidade de um requisito desde sua especificação até sua construção e posterior manutenção. Para mostrar o uso da abordagem e da ferramenta, foi realizado um estudo de caso real em conjunto com uma empresa de software de São Carlos SP, onde um sistema de gerenciamento de projetos foi desenvolvido. De forma paralela, foram conduzidos dois experimentos com alunos de graduação em Bacharelado em Ciência da Computação e Engenharia de Computação e mestrado em computação da UFSCar, visando avaliar os ganhos e as limitações da ferramenta Ruby-MDWA.

Requirements Engineering (ER) has an important role in Software Engineering for being an early stage of the software development process. ER serves as the basis for implementation of other activities, contributing decisively to the quality of the final software product. Requirements Elicitation process is among the main concerns of ER. It involves the recognition and description of customer needs, in such a way that it is possible to reflect the business accurately and consistent. Moreover, in general, most problems that occur during the process of software development are caused by failures in the early stages. In this context, emerging approaches such as Model-Driven Developement (MDD) and Business Process Modeling (MPN). Such approaches seek to understand and describe business processes and enable a closer look of the domain. As well, especially when backed by support tools, using approaches such as MDD and MPN can contribute to improving the quality of the requirements and the requirements Elicitation process. This work presents ModelER approach, which seeks to promote improvements in Requirements Elicitation process, through the use of concepts and practices of the MDD and the MPN for identifying software requirements. / A Engenharia de Requisitos (ER) possui um importante papel na Engenharia de Software pelo fato de compreender uma fase inicial do processo de desenvolvimento de software. Ela serve de base para a realização das demais atividades, contribuindo decisivamente para a qualidade do produto de software final. O processo de Elicitação de Requisitos está entre as principais preocupações da ER. Ele envolve o reconhecimento e a descrição das necessidades dos clientes, de tal forma que seja possível refletir o negócio de forma precisa e coerente. Além disso, de maneira geral, a maior parte dos problemas que ocorrem durante o processo de desenvolvimento de software é causada por falhas nas fases iniciais. Diante desse contexto, surgem abordagens tais como o Desenvolvimento Orientado por Modelos (Model-Driven Developement MDD) e a Modelagem de Processos de Negócio (Business Process Modeling MPN1). Tais abordagens tanto buscam compreender e descrever os processos de negócio, quanto permitem uma visão mais próxima do domínio. Assim, sobretudo quando apoiadas por ferramentas de suporte, o uso de abordagens como MDD e MPN pode contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos requisitos e do processo de Elicitação de Requisitos. Este trabalho apresenta a abordagem ModelER, a qual busca promover melhorias no processo de Elicitação de Requisitos, através da utilização de conceitos e práticas do MDD e da MPN para identificação de requisitos de software.

One important phase in software development process is to create a design model of the system which follows all the architectural rules. Often the architectural rules are defined by the system architect and the system model is designed by the system designer. The architect defines the rules in a text file where no standard or pattern is followed. Therefore, there is always the risk of violating the architectural rules by the designer. So manual reviews on the system model should be done by the architect to ensure the system model is valid.In order to remove this manual checking which can be erroneous and time consuming ArCon (Architecture Conformance Checker) was developed by Combitech AB. ArCon is a tool which lets the architect define the architectural rules in the format of UML (Unified Modeling Language) models where the elements of the model have different meaning than the standard UML. ArCon can read this model and extract architectural rules from it and check the system model against those rules and then print all the rule violations.ArCon is an open source tool i.e. free for everyone to download and use. Currently, it supports Papyrus as the UML modeling tool. Papyrus is integrated to Eclipse platform and is a general purpose modeling tool. It supports users with all types of UML diagrams and elements.The idea for this thesis work was to implement a new feature for ArCon in order to facilitate the design process for system designers. The feature should provide the system designers only those types of elements which they are permitted to add to a specific fraction of the system model. The list of permitted element types should be extracted from the architecture model where all the architectural rules are defined in advance. This new support in ArCon was named Domain Specific Modeling (DSM) support.To evaluate the effect of DSM support on the system designers performance a few test sessions, called usability tests, were performed. The participants in the test sessions were a representative sample of software designers. After analyzing the data collected from the test sessions, the pros and cons of the new support were discovered. Furthermore, a few new ideas for enhancing DSM support were generated.

Avec la construction des robots de plus en plus complexes, la croissance des architectures logicielles robotiques et l’explosion de la diversité toujours plus grande des applications et misions des robots, la conception, le développement et l’intégration des entités logicielles des systèmes robotiques, constituent une problématique majeure de la communauté robotique. En effet, les architectures logicielles robotiques et les plateformes de développement logiciel pour la robotique sont nombreuses, et sont dépendantes du type de robot (robot de service, collaboratif, agricole, médical, etc.) et de son mode d'utilisation (en cage, d’extérieur, en milieu occupé, etc.). L’effort de maintenance de ces plateformes et leur coût de développement sont donc considérables.Les roboticiens se posent donc une question fondamentale : comment réduire les coûts de développement des systèmes logiciels robotiques, tout en augmentant leur qualité et en préservant la spécificité et l’indépendance de chaque système robotique? Cette question induit plusieurs autres : d’une part, comment décrire et encapsuler les diverses fonctions que doit assurer le robot, sous la forme d’un ensemble d’entités logicielles en interaction? Et d’autre part, comment conférer à ces entités logicielles, des propriétés de modularité, portabilité, réutilisabilité, interopérabilité, etc.?A notre avis, l’une des solutions les plus probables et prometteuses à cette question consiste à élever le niveau d’abstraction dans la définition des entités logicielles qui composent les systèmes robotiques. Pour ce faire, nous nous tournons vers l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles, et plus particulièrement la conception des DSML (Domain Specific Modeling Language).Dans cette thèse, nous réalisons dans un premier temps, une étude comparative des langages de modélisation et de méthodes utilisés dans le développement des systèmes embarqués temps réel en général. L’objectif de ce premier travail étant de voir s’il en existe qui puissent permettre de répondre aux questions susmentionnées des roboticiens. Cette étude, non seulement nous montre que ces approches ne sont pas adaptées à la définition des architectures logicielles robotiques, mais elle aboutit surtout à unFramework, que nous proposons et qui aide à choisir la (les) méthode(s) et/ou le(s) langage(s) de modélisation le(s) plus adapté(s) aux besoins du concepteur. Par la suite, nous proposons un DSML baptisé RsaML (Robotic Software Architecture Modeling Language), pour la définition des architectures logicielles robotiques avec prise en compte de propriétés temps réel. Pour ce faire, un méta-modèle est proposé à partir des concepts que les roboticiens ont l’habitude d’utiliser pour la définition de leurs applications. Il constitue la syntaxe abstraite du langage. Les propriétés temps réel sont identifiées à leur tour et incluses dans les concepts concernés. Des règles sémantiques du domaine de la robotique sont ensuite définies sous forme de contraintes OCL, puis intégrées au méta-modèle, pour permettre que des vérifications de propriétés non fonctionnelles et temps réel soient effectuées sur les modèles construits. Le Framework de modélisation EMF d’Eclipse a été utilisé pour mettre en oeuvre un éditeur qui supporte le langage RsaML.La suite des travaux réalisés dans cette thèse a consisté à définir des transformations de modèles, puis à les utiliser pour implémenter des générateurs. Ces derniers permettent à partir d’un modèle RsaML construit, d’une part, de produire sa documentation et, d’autre part, de produire du code source en langage C. Ces contributions sont validées à travers un cas d’étude décrivant un scénario basé sur le robot Khepera III. / With the construction of increasingly complex robots, the growth of robotic software architectures and the explosion of ever greater diversity of applications and robots missions, the design, development and integration of software entities of robotic systems, constitute a major problem for the robotics community. Indeed, robotic software architectures and software development platforms for robotics are numerous, and are dependent on the type of robot (service robot, collaborative, agricultural, medical, etc.) and its usage mode (In cage, outdoor, environment with obstacles, etc.).The maintenance effort of these platforms and their development cost are therefore considerable.Roboticists are therefore asking themselves a fundamental question: how to reduce the development costs of robotic software systems, while increasing their quality and preserving the specificity and independence of each robotic system? This question induces several others: on the one hand, how to describe and encapsulate the various functions that the robot must provide, in the form of a set of interactive software entities? And on the other hand, how to give these software entities, properties of modularity, portability, reusability, interoperability etc.?In our opinion, one of the most likely and promising solutions to this question, is to raise the level of abstraction in defining the software entities that make up robotic systems. To do this, we turn to model-driven engineering, specifically the design of Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSML).In this thesis, we first realize a comparative study of modeling languages and methods used in the development of embedded real time systems in general. The objective of this first work is to see if there are some that can make it possible to answer the aforementioned questions of the roboticists. This study not only shows that these approaches are not adapted to the definition of robotic software architectures, but mainly results in a framework, which we propose and which helps to choose the method (s) and / or the modeling language (s) best suited to the needs of the designer. Subsequently, we propose a DSML called Robotic Software Architecture Modeling Language (RsaML), for the definition of robotic software architectures with real-time properties. To do this, a meta-model is proposed from the concepts that roboticists are used to in defining their applications. It constitutes the abstract syntax of the language. Real-time properties are identified and included in the relevant concepts. Semantic rules in the field of robotics are then defined as OCL constraints and then integrated into the meta-model, to allow non-functional and realtime property checks to be performed on the constructed models.Eclipse Modeling Framework has been used to implement an editor that supports the RsaML language. The rest of the work done in this thesis involved defining model transformations and then using them to implement generators. These generators make it possible from a RsaML model built, to produce its documentation and source code in C language. These contributions are validated through a case study describing a scenario based on the Khepera III robot.

De nombreux systèmes hétérogènes sont complexes et critiques. Ces systèmes intègrent du logiciel et des composants matériels avec des interactions fortes entre ces composants. Dans ce contexte, il est devenu absolument nécessaire de développer des méthodologies et des techniques pour spéciier et valider ces systèmes.Dans l'ingénierie des systèmes, les exigences sont l'expression des besoins qu'un produit spécifique ou un service doit réaliser. Elles sont définies formellement à de nombreuses occasions dans l'ingénierie des systèmes complexes. Dans ce type de système, deux catégories d'exigence sont présentes : les exigences non-fonctionnelles telles que la performance et la fiabilité, les exigences fonctionnelles telles que la vivacité. Pour valider ces exigences, un environnement permettant de simuler et vérifier ces propriétés est essentiel.Dans notre travail, nous proposons une méthodologie basée sur SysML et combinée avec SystemC et Promela/SPIN pour spéciier et valider des systèmes complexes. Cette approche est basée sur l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles pour premièrement traduire des modèles SysML en SystemC afin de réaliser des simulations et deuxièmement traduire des diagrammes d'état SysML en Promela/SPINain de vérifier des propriétés temporelles extraites des exigences. Cette approche est expérimentée sur une étude de cas pour démontrer sa faisabilité. / Heterogeneous Systems are complex and become very critical. These systems integrate software andhardware components with intensive interaction between them. In this context, there is a strongnecessity to develop methodologies and techniques to specify and validate these systems.In engineering, the requirements are the expression of needs on what a particular product or a serviceshould be or to make. They are used most of the time in a formal sense in the systems engineering.In this kind of systems, several types of requirements are present: non-functional requirements suchas the performance and the reliability and functional requirements such as the liveliness. To validatethese requirements of a system, an environment to simulate and to check the properties is essential.In our work, we propose a methodology based on SysML combined with SystemC and Promela/SPINto specify and validate complex systems. This approach is based on Model Driven Engineeringtechniques to irstly translate SysML models to systemC with the aim of simulation and to mapSysML behavioral diagrams to Promela/SPIN in order to verify temporal properties extracted fromthe requirements. The approach is experimented on case studies to demonstrate its feasibility.

Mit der stetigen Konsolidierung der Web Service Standards vollzieht sich in der Diskussion zu serviceorientierten Architekturen ein Wechsel weg von der Implementierung und dem Deployment von Services hin zum Service Management. Die Indikatoren: Anzahl der Standardisierungsanfragen und die Menge großer Forschungsprogramme in diesem Bereich sind evident für einen wachsenden Bedarf an Managementmethoden für die Abbildung von Geschäftsanforderungen auf Servicekompositionen. Die Verwendung von semiformalen Modellen sowie die verteilte Entwicklung von SOA Services machen eine an Konventionen orientierte konstruktive Einschränkung der Freiheitsgrade bei der Prozess- und Servicemodellierung notwendig. In dieser Arbeit wird eine generische Methode vorgestellt, welche durch die Einführung von „Beschreibungsrahmen“ (Description Kits) sowohl eine Einschränkung der Modellierungsfreiheit in Bezug auf natürlichsprachliche Aspekte in fachkonzeptuellen Modellen erlaubt, als auch eine restriktive Benutzung bestehender Modellierungssprachen ermöglicht. Als Anwendungsfall wird die Konfiguration serviceorientierter Architekturen diskutiert. - (Die Dissertation ist veröffentlicht im Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, http://www.logos-verlag.de, ISBN: 978-3-8325-2402-9) / With Service-oriented Architectures (SOA) companies are facing a paradigm shift towards services as the key unit of their enterprise architectures. An exploitation of the potential of Service-oriented Architectures is up to the applicability of semi-formal business models for a transformation into service compositions. However, several conceptual shortcomings prevent semi-formal models from being a suitable resource of an automated transformation process. Problems result from a multitude of modeling aims, objects, and procedures. Enhancements in order to solve these problems require both systematic preparation, and a methodical approach. This thesis provides a modeling method for business process-oriented SOA design using a meta-model based approach. An integrated modeling environment gives an overview of business requirements and allows appropriate assignment of SOA services to the business functions at the same time. The research refers to the example of process-oriented analysis and optimization of administrative procedures in German universities.