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Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis se enfoca en el desarrollo de dispositivos inteligentes para detectar metabolitos de sustancias tóxicas y la sobreexpresión enzimática relacionada con enfermedades. Se aborda la limitación de las técnicas de diagnóstico convencionales y se destaca la utilidad de la orina como muestra biológica. Se discuten conceptos de materiales mesoporosos de sílice, reconocimiento molecular y sondas moleculares fluorogénicas. Los objetivos se detallan, y luego se presenta un nanodispositivo para detectar ácido trans,trans-mucónico (t,t-MA) en orina (S4). Se describe una sonda fluorogénica en el infrarrojo cercano para la detección de elevados niveles de alanina aminopeptidasa en orina (NB-ALA). También se presentan nuevas sondas para detectar biomarcadores de cáncer (NB-SO3-Leu y NB-SO3-Ala), resaltando la importancia de su solubilidad y eliminación renal. Finalmente, se propone una sonda molecular no invasiva (Cy7-MAO) para detectar la enzima monoamina oxidasa a través de medidas de fluorescencia en la orina. Las conclusiones subrayan el potencial de estos sistemas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades. / [CA] Aquesta tesi s'enfoca en el desenvolupament de dispositius intel·ligents per detectar metabòlits de substàncies tòxiques i la sobreexpressió enzimàtica relacionada amb malalties. S'aborda la limitació de les tècniques de diagnòstic convencionals i destaca la utilitat de l'orina com a mostra biològica. Es discuteixen conceptes de materials mesoporosos de sílice, reconeixement molecular i sondes moleculars fluorogèniques. Els objectius es detallen, i després es presenta un nanodispositiu per detectar àcid trans, transmucònic (t, t-MA) en orina (S4). Es descriu una sonda fluorogènica a l'infraroig proper per a la detecció d'elevats nivells d'alanina aminopeptidasa en orina (NB-ALA). També es presenten noves sondes per detectar biomarcadors de càncer (NB-SO3-Leu i NB-SO3-Ala), ressaltant la importància de la seva solubilitat i eliminació renal. Finalment, es proposa una sonda molecular no invasiva (Cy7-MAO) per detectar l'enzim monoamina oxidasa a través de mesures de fluorescència a l'orina. Les conclusions subratllen el potencial d'aquests sistemes per al diagnòstic i el tractament de malalties. / [EN] This PhD thesis focuses on the development of smart devices for detecting metabolites of toxic substances and enzyme overexpression related to diseases. It addresses the limitations of conventional diagnostic techniques and highlights the usefulness of urine as a biological sample. Concepts of mesoporous silica materials, molecular recognition, and fluorogenic molecular probes are discussed. The objectives are outlined, and then a nanodevice for detecting trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in urine (S4) is presented. A near-infrared fluorogenic probe for the detection of high levels of alanine aminopeptidase in urine (NB-ALA) is described. New probes for detecting cancer biomarkers (NB-SO3-Leu and NB-SO3-Ala) are also introduced, emphasizing the importance of their solubility and renal elimination. Finally, a non-invasive molecular probe (Cy7-MAO) is proposed for detecting monoamine oxidase enzyme through fluorescence measurements in urine. The conclusions underscore the potential of these systems for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. / Domínguez Rodríguez, M. (2023). Development of Smart Devices for the Detection of Metabolites of Toxic Substances and Disease-Related Enzyme Overexpression [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202015 / Compendio

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Intrinsically disordered proteins are proteins characterized by lack of stable tertiary structures under physiological conditions. Evidence shows that disordered proteins are not only highly involved in protein interactions, but also have the capability to associate with more than one partner. Short disordered protein fragments, called “molecular recognition features” (MoRFs), were hypothesized to facilitate the binding diversity of highly-connected proteins termed “hubs”. MoRFs often couple folding with binding while forming interaction complexes. Two protein disorder mechanisms were proposed to facilitate multiple partner binding and enable hub proteins to bind to multiple partners: 1. One region of disorder could bind to many different partners (one-to-many binding), so the hub protein itself uses disorder for multiple partner binding; and 2. Many different regions of disorder could bind to a single partner (many-to-one binding), so the hub protein is structured but binds to many disordered partners via interaction with disorder. Thousands of MoRF-partner protein complexes were collected from Protein Data Bank in this study, including 321 one-to-many binding examples and 514 many-to-one binding examples. The conformational flexibility of MoRFs was observed at atomic resolution to help the MoRFs to adapt themselves to various binding surfaces of partners or to enable different MoRFs with non-identical sequences to associate with one specific binding pocket. Strikingly, in one-to-many binding, post-translational modification, alternative splicing and partner topology were revealed to play key roles for partner selection of these fuzzy complexes. On the other hand, three distinct binding profiles were identified in the collected many-to-one dataset: similar, intersecting and independent. For the similar binding profile, the distinct MoRFs interact with almost identical binding sites on the same partner. The MoRFs can also interact with a partially the same but partially different binding site, giving the intersecting binding profile. Finally, the MoRFs can interact with completely different binding sites, thus giving the independent binding profile. In conclusion, we suggest that protein disorder with post-translational modifications and alternative splicing are all working together to rewire the protein interaction networks.

This dissertation presents research in the development and use of a multi-modal visual and haptic virtual model in higher education. The model, named Chemical Force Feedback (CFF), represents molecular recognition through the example of protein-ligand docking, and enables students to simultaneously see and feel representations of the protein and ligand molecules and their force interactions. The research efforts have been divided between educational research aspects and development of haptic feedback techniques. The CFF model was evaluated in situ through multiple data-collections in a university course on molecular interactions. To isolate possible influences of haptics on learning, half of the students ran CFF with haptics, and the others used the equipment with force feedback disabled. Pre- and post-tests showed a significant learning gain for all students. A particular influence of haptics was found on students reasoning, discovered through an open-ended written probe where students' responses contained elaborate descriptions of the molecular recognition process. Students' interactions with the system were analyzed using customized information visualization tools. Analysis revealed differences between the groups, for example, in their use of visual representations on offer, and in how they moved the ligand molecule. Differences in representational and interactive behaviours showed relationships with aspects of the learning outcomes. The CFF model was improved in an iterative evaluation and development process. A focus was placed on force model design, where one significant challenge was in conveying information from data with large force differences, ranging from very weak interactions to extreme forces generated when atoms collide. Therefore, a History Dependent Transfer Function (HDTF) was designed which adapts the translation of forces derived from the data to output forces according to the properties of the recently derived forces. Evaluation revealed that the HDTF improves the ability to haptically detect features in volumetric data with large force ranges. To further enable force models with high fidelity, an investigation was conducted to determine the perceptual Just Noticeable Difference (JND) in force for detection of interfaces between features in volumetric data. Results showed that JNDs vary depending on the magnitude of the forces in the volume and depending on where in the workspace the data is presented.

Die Assoziation kleiner Moleküle (Liganden) in hydrophobe Bindungstaschen spielt eine fundamentale Rolle in der Biomolekularerkennung und den Selbstassemblierungsprozessen der physikalischen Chemie wässriger Lösungen. Während der Einfluss des Wassers auf die freie Energie der Bindung (die Bindungsaffinität) im thermischen Gleichgewicht in den letzten Jahren auf immer stärkere Aufmerksamkeit stößt, ist die Rolle des Wassers in der Kinetik und der Bestimmung der Bindungsraten noch weitestgehend unverstanden. Welche nanoskaligen Effekte des Wassers beeinflussen die Dynamik des Liganden in der Nähe der Bindungstasche, und wie lassen sie sich durch die chemischen Eigenschaften der Tasche steuern? Neuste Forschungen haben mithilfe von molekularen Computersimulationen eines einfachen Modells gezeigt, dass Hydrationsfluktuationen in der hydrophoben Bindungstasche an die Dynamik des Liganden koppeln und damit seine Bindungsrate beeinflussen. Da die Wasserfluktuationen wiederum durch die Geometrie und Hydrophobizität der Bindungstasche beeinflusst werden, entsteht die Möglichkeit, kontrollierte Fluktuation zu kreieren, um die Bindungsraten des Liganden zu steuern. In dieser Arbeit wird diese Perspektive mithilfe eines theoretischen Multiskalenansatzes für prototypische Schlüssel-Schloss-Systeme aufgegriffen. Wir untersuchen den Einfluss der physikochemischen Eigenschaften der Bindungstasche auf die Diffusivität und die Bindungsraten des Liganden, und wie die Orientierung eines anisotropen Liganden an die Hydrationsfluktuationen der Tasche koppelt. Damit stellen wir fest, dass kleine Änderungen der Taschentiefe eine extreme Beschleunigung der Bindungsraten bewirken kann und, dass gleichzeitig die Bindung in konkave Taschen vorteilhaft für die Reorientierungsdynamik des Liganden ist. Die Resultate dieses Projekts sollen somit helfen, maßgeschneiderte Lösungen für funktionale „Host-Guest“-Systeme sowie pharmazeutische Moleküle in biomedizinischen Anwendungen zu entwickeln. / The association of small molecules (ligands) to hydrophobic binding pockets plays an integral role in biochemical molecular recognition and function, as well as in various self-assembly processes in the physical chemistry of aqueous solutions. While the investigation of water contributions to the binding free energy (affinity) in equilibrium has attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade, little is known about the role of water in determining the rates of binding and kinetic mechanisms. For instance, what are the nanoscale water effects on ligand diffusion close to the hydrophobic docking site, and how can they be steered by the chemical composition of the pocket? Recent studies used molecular simulations of a simple prototypical pocket-ligand model to show that hydration fluctuations within the binding pocket can couple to the ligand dynamics and influence its binding rates. Since the hydration fluctuations, in turn, can be modified by the pocket’s geometry and hydrophobicity, the possibility exists to create well-controlled solvent fluctuations to steer the ligand’s binding rates. In this work, we pick up this appealing notion employing a theoretical multi-scale approach of a generic key-lock system in aqueous solution. We explore the influence of the physicochemical properties of the pocket on local ligand diffusivities and binding rates and demonstrate how the orientation of a (non-spherical) ligand couples to a pocket’s hydration fluctuations. We find that minor modulation in pocket depth can drastically speed up the binding rate and that, concurrently, binding to molded binding sites is advantageous for the rotational dynamics of the ligand. The results and discussion of this work shall, therefore, imply generic design principles for tailored solutions of functional host-guest systems as well as optimized drugs in biomedical applications.

Discipline récente, la chimie supramoléculaire est l'un des domaines les plus fertiles de la recherche chimique. Motivé par le défi que représente la reconnaissance moléculaire sur mesure d'édifices complexes, un grand intérêt est apparu pour la conception et la synthèse des récepteurs macrocycliques polyfonctionnalisés. Nous avons récemment décrit une nouvelle classe de récepteurs moléculaires accessibles et polyvalents: les Dyn[n]arenes. Cette nouvelle classe est obtenue à partir de briques moléculaires 1,4-dithiophénols fonctionnalisés en position ortho assemblées par des liaisons disulfures. Cette stratégie de macrocyclisation contrôlée thermodynamiquement permet de produire de grandes quantités de produit final avec un moindre coût synthétique. Des récepteurs sur-mesure pour la reconnaissance d'anions, de cations et de zwitterions ont été obtenus par cette approche polyvalente. En particulier, le Dyn[4]arene octacarboxylate a montré la capacité de reconnaître sélectivement des dérivés de la lysine par via un ajustement induit asymétrique du récepteur lors de l'association. L'utilisation de ce récepteur pour reconnaître des peptides et protéines portant en position N-terminale une lysine a été étudiée. Enfin, la post-fonctionnalisation de ces Dyn[4]arenes a été explorée afin d'améliorer leur solubilité et leur propriétés de reconnaissance vis-à-vis de cibles biologiquement actives, ainsi que pour étudier la possibilité de leur greffage sur phase solide et leur utilisation en chromatographie d'affinité / As a recent discipline, supramolecular chemistry is one of the most active and fast-growing fields of chemical research. Driven by the challenge that tailored molecular recognition of complex molecules represents, a large interest has grown for the design and synthesis of multi-functionalized macrocyclic receptors. We recently described a new class of accessible and versatile molecular receptors: Dyn[n]arenes. This new class is obtained from 1,4-dithiophenols units functionalized in ortho position and assembled by disulfide linkages. This strategy of thermodynamically controlled macrocyclization allows producing large amounts of final product with a low synthetic cost. On demand receptors for anions, cations and zwitterions were obtained by this versatile approach. Particularly, the octacarboxylate-bearing dyn[4]arene showed the ability to selectively recognize Lysine derivatives via an asymmetric induced adjustment of the receptor upon the complexation. The use of this receptor to recognize N-terminal Lysine tagged peptides and proteins have been investigated. Finally, post-functionalization of Dyn[4]arenes have been explored to improve their solubility and recognition properties toward biologically active target and to investigate their solid phase grafting to be implemented in affinity chromatography

Abstract : The objectives of this work were to prepare and characterize films of benzylic amide macrocycles and rotaxanes obtained by functionalisation of an acidterminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold, and thus to probe the aptitude of these surfaces for applications in the field of the nanotechnologies. We initially studied the self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and focused on its composition, structure and organization. We show that the molecules of alcanethiol are oriented with the acid group pointing out from the surface. The film is highly ordered with defect density below 0.2%. We investigated the functionalisation process with the covalently bound Mac-OH macrocycle, with the physisorbed Mac-pyridine macrocycle and with the naphtalimide rotaxane. The latter is also anchored to the SAM through a non-covalent interaction. We focused on the comprehension of both quantitative as qualitative characteristics of the films, such as the degree of functionalisation, their stability with respect to external constraints, their order and homogeneity, their structure and their orientation. By combining techniques such as X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, electrochemical and contact angle measurements, we demonstrated that the films of macrocycles reach a high degree of functionalisation. The layers are homogeneous and a preferential orientation of the macrocycle molecules with the plan of the ring tilted with respect to the surface and with the alkyl chains pointing-out from the films is observed. In addition, we studied the possibility of using the macrocycle films for molecular recognition, employing the Fc-Gly-Gly molecule as a model target. Through similar experiments and analysis, films of naphtalimide rotaxane were proven to give a good functionalisation of SAM. The molecule adsorbs with a preferential orientation of the linear axis parallel to the surface and the macrocycle unit normal to it. We characterized the fluorescent properties of the molecule due to the naphtalimide group and showed that when adsorbed on a gold substrate the presence of the self-assembled monolayer prevents total quenching. <br> Résumé : Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de caractériser des films de macrocycles et de rotaxanes de type amide benzylique obtenus par la fonctionnalisation de monocouches auto-assemblées d'alcanethiols, ayant un groupe acide terminal, sur une surface d'or, et ainsi de mettre en évidence certaines des potentialités de ces surfaces en vue d'applications éventuelles dans le domaine des nanotechnologies. Nous avons d'abord étudié la monocouche auto-assemblée de l'acide 11-mercaptoundecanoïque et particulièrement les aspects tels que la composition, la structure et l'organisation du film et nous avons mis en évidence que les molécules d'alcanethiol sont orientées dans le film avec le groupe acide vers l'extérieur de la surface, de façon à pouvoir interagir avec les molécules à greffer, et que le degré d'ordre de la monocouche est très élevé, en montrant celle-ci une fraction de défauts inférieure au 0.2% de l'aire totale du film. L'étude de la fonctionnalisation successive avec le macrocycle Mac-OH, lié de façon covalente, et le macrocycle Mac-pyridine ainsi que la rotaxane naphtalimide, ancrés à travers une interaction non-covalente à la monocouche auto-assemblée, a porté une attention particulière à la compréhension d'aspects tels que le degré de recouvrement de la surface, la stabilité vis-à-vis de contraintes externes, l'ordre et l'homogénéité, ainsi que la structure des films et l'orientation des molécules. Grâce à la combinaison de techniques telles que l'XPS, l'IRAS, les techniques électrochimiques, les mesures d'angle de contact et l'AFM, nous avons mis en évidence que les films de macrocycle atteignent un recouvrement élevé et homogène de la monocouche autoassemblée et qu'une orientation des molécules de macrocycle, avec une inclinaison du plan de l'anneau par rapport à la surface et pointant leurs chaînes alkyles vers l'extérieure du film, est observée. Ensuite, nous avons abordé la possibilité d'impliquer les films de macrocycle en tant que récepteurs moléculaires d'une molécule modèle, la Fc-Gly-Gly. Par une caractérisation similaire, les films de la rotaxane naphtalimide ont montré d'atteindre un recouvrement élevé de la surface de la monocouche avec une orientation privilégiée des molécules avec l'axe parallèle et le macrocycle perpendiculaire à la surface pour pouvoir interagir, à travers les fonctions pyridine du macrocycle, avec la monocouche. De plus, nous avons caractérisé les propriétés fluorescentes de la molécule, résidantes dans son groupe naphtalimide, lorsqu'elle est adsorbée sur un substrat métallique, l'or, affectées par la présence de la monocouche auto-assemblée.

La present tesi doctoral s'ha basat en la caracterització estructural i en l'estudi de les propietats catalítiques de nous complexos de pal·ladi(0) amb lligands olefínics contenint unitats de ferrocè. En una primera fase s'ha desenvolupat la síntesi d'estructures de tipus (E, E, E)-1,6,11-trisarilsulfonil-1,6,11-triazaciclopentadeca-3,8,13-triè contenint des d'una fins a tres unitats de ferrocè i s'ha estudiat la seva complexació amb pal·ladi(0). Mitjançant estudis electroquímics s'ha avaluat la seva possible aplicació en el reconeixement molecular electroquímic. Encara que aquest tipus d'estructures no han resultat vàlides per aquest tipus de processos de reconeixement, l'estudi electroquímic ha permès determinar que la presència del grup ferrocenil influeix en les propietats redox del metall complexat. S'ha descrit també l'obtenció de macrocicles pentaolefínics anàlegs de 25 membres contenint unitats de ferrocè i s'ha estudiat paral·lelament la seva complexació amb pal·ladi(0).En una segona part del treball s'han avaluat les propietats catalítiques del complex (E, E, E)-6,11-bis[(p-metilfenil)sulfonil]-1-ferrocenilsulfonil-1,6,11-triazaciclopentadeca-3,8,13-trièpal·ladi(0), en reaccions clàssicament catalitzades per pal·ladi tals com l'acoblament creuat de Suzuki o la reacció de Heck, i s'ha pogut determinar que és un catalitzador actiu en aquest tipus de reaccions, essent a més possible, la seva recuperació i reutilització. En el cas concret de la reacció de Heck s'han emprat sals de diazoni com a agents arilants i cal destacar que s'ha descrit el primer sistema catalític recuperable i reutilitzable per aquest tipus de reaccions. Mitjançant espectrometria de masses amb ionització per electrospray ha estat possible determinar el rol mecanístic del nostre complex de pal·ladi en la reacció de Heck amb sals de diazoni.Finalment, en una tercera part estructural del treball s'ha estudiat el comportament espectroscòpic dels complexos de pal·ladi(0) anteriorment mencionats, contenint des de tres unitats aríliques iguals fins a tres unitats aríliques diferents. Mitjançant RMN i difracció de raigs-X s'ha determinat que la complexitat estereoquímica dels complexos deriva dels isòmers que es poden formar mitjançant complexació del metall amb cada una de les cares dels tres dobles enllaços continguts a l'estructura. / The present work has been directed towards the structural characterization and the catalytic activity evaluation of new olefinic macrocyclic palladium(0) complexes containing ferrocene units.The synthesis of 15-membered macrocycles, namely (E, E, E)-1,6,11-trisarylsulfonyl-1,6,11-triazacyclopentadeca-3,8,13-triene, containing from one to three ferrocenyl units has been described and its complexation ability towards palladium(0) has been demonstrated. By studying the electrochemical behaviour of the synthesized macrocyclic ligands and their palladium(0) complexes, it has been shown that they do not have application in electrochemical recognition of palladium(0). This electrochemical study has evidenced, though, that the ferrocenyl group is strongly influencing the palladium redox properties. The synthesis of analogous 25-membered pentaolefinic macrocycles containing ferrocene has also been described. Furthermore, a palladium(0) complex of this 25-membered macrocycle has been isolated and characterized by NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.On the other hand, the catalytic activity of the palladium(0) complex (E, E, E)-6,11-bis[(p-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-ferrocenylsulfonyl-1,6,11-triazacyclopentadeca-3,8,13-trienepalladium(0), has been studied. Our catalyst has shown to be active in Suzuki type cross-couplings and in the Heck reaction, and furthermore, its recovery and reuse has proved to be feasible. Of great importance is the fact that our palladium-triolefinic macrocyclic complex is the first recoverable catalyst described in Heck reaction with arenediazonium cations. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been used as the tool for investigating the mechanistic role of the palladium(0) complex in the Heck reaction.Finally, the spectroscopic behaviour of the formerly mentioned triolefinic palladium(0) complexes containing from one to three aryl units has been studied. By means of NMR and X-ray diffraction, it has been proved that the stereochemical complexity is connected to the different isomers that can be formed by complexation of the metal to one or the other face of each of the three olefins involved.

L’any 2002 tres grups de recerca, entre ells el nostre grup, van demostrar teòricament que la interacció entre anions i anells aromàtics electrodeficients, anomenada interacció anió–, era favorable. Des de llavors s’ha dut a terme un intens estudi de la seva naturalesa física fins la total comprensió. Aquesta tesi es basa amb l’estudi de la interacció anió– des de tres punts de vista. Primerament, la investigació es basa en el disseny teòric de motius estructurals per donar lloc a un receptor on la interacció anió– siga molt favorable, per posteriorment avaluar la força de la interacció experimentalment en dissolució. A continuació, es va analitzar la interrelació entre un gran nombre de combinacions d’interaccions no covalents. A partir d’aquest estudi es defineixen nous conceptes i es proposen diferents formules per calcular efectes de cooperativitat. Finalment, hem anat un pas més enllà en l’estudi de la interacció analitzant: 1) l’impacte de la interacció anió– a sistemes biològics; 2) la influència de modificacions a l’anió sobre la naturalesa física de la interacció. / In 2002 three research groups, among them our research group, theoretically demonstrated that the interaction between anions and electron-deficient aromatic rings, named anion– interaction, was favourable. Since then, an intense study of its physical nature has been performed to understand it completely. This thesis is based on the study of the anion– interaction from three points of view. Firstly, theoretical design of binding units to build a receptor and to obtain the most favourable binding based on anion– interactions. The binding properties of these receptors have been experimentally assessed in solution. Secondly, we have studied the interplay between a great combination of noncovalent interactions. From this study, new concepts and formula to calculate cooperativity effects have been described. Finally, we have study one step further the anion– interaction analysing: 1) the impact of anion– interaction in biological systems; 2) how the modifications in the anion influence the physical nature of the interaction.

Le contrôle du mouvement à l’échelle d’une simple molécule est un sujet actuellement florissant et intensément exploré par des chimistes de tous horizons. Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit s’inscrit dans ce cadre. La conception ainsi que l’étude en solution et à l’état cristallin de tourniquets moléculaires, espèces composées d’un rotor et d’un stator comportant plusieurs sites d’interaction, y sont décrites.Dans une première partie, la synthèse ainsi que le fonctionnement de tourniquets à charnière de Pt(II) sont décrits. La fermeture et l’ouverture de ces systèmes ainsi que les essais de passage d’une station à une autre y sont étudiés. Les sites d’interactions ont été variés sur le rotor et le stator, pour aboutir à des systèmes variant par la dynamique de leur comportement.Dans une seconde partie, une synthèse optimisée de tourniquets à charnière organique est décrite. Les états ouverts et fermés de ces tourniquets ont été caractérisés.Tous les processus décrits pour les tourniquets ont été étudiés par des études RMN mono- et bi-dimensionnelles en solution.Dans un dernier chapitre, des MM’OFs basés sur un tecton comportant un centre Pt(II) et deux sites coordinant de type pyridine sont exposés. Leur utilisation en tant que tecton organométallique avec divers centres métalliques conduit à la formation de réseaux hétérobimétalliques. Un ligand incluant deux centres Pt(II) et un centre Fe(II) entouré par deux terpyridines est décrit. / The control of intramolecular movements has been a topic of high interest for chemists over two decades. Investigations described in this PhD manuscript aim at the design and study, both in solution and in the crystalline state, of molecular turnstiles. These entities are composed of a rotor and a stator, each of these constituents equipped with recognition sites.In the first part, the synthesis and behavior of Pt(II)-based molecular turnstiles are described. The switching between their open and closed states and the migration process between stations are discussed. The recognition sites on both the stator and rotor have been varied, leading to different behaviors, particularly in terms of their dynamics.In solution, 1- and 2-D NMR have been used for the characterization of the dynamic processes.In the last chapter, the use of a Pt(II)-bispyridyl based tecton for the synthesis of MM’OFs is reported. The use of various metal salts as secondary center has led to the construction of networks varying by their geometry and dimensionality. A ligand including two Pt(II) and one Fe(II) complexed by two terpyridyl units is described.