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La question de l'espace dans l'installation vidéo / The question of space in the video installationVatsella, Christina 10 December 2012 (has links)
Ayant comme point de départ les premières expérimentations de Nam June Paik avec les téléviseurs au début des années 1960, cette étude suit l’évolution historique de l’installation vidéo en parcourant cinq décennies de création. La problématique de l’espace, fil conducteur de cette recherche, nous amène d’abord à la constitution d’une typologie. Fruit de l’étude de l’évolution des formes principales de l’installation vidéo, cette classification a pour objet l’œuvre sous sa forme aboutie, c’est-à-dire installée. Néanmoins, cet état n’est que le résultat final d’un long processus. Divisée en quatre étapes, l’étude de la mise en espace de l’œuvre soulève des questions cruciales liées à l’acquisition, l’exposition et la conservation de l’installation vidéo. Une fois que l’œuvre est installée, elle s’articule autour d’un espace-temps virtuel, celui de l’image vidéographique, et d’un espace-temps réel, celui du dispositif plastique, analysés dans la troisième et dernière partie. Cette étude met l’accent sur la dimension historique de l’installation vidéo tout en la contextualisant au sein de l’histoire de l’art du vingtième siècle. / Having as a starting point Nam June Paik’s experimentations with televisions in the early 1960s, this essay traces the history of the video installation spanning five decades. The question of space is the basic thread of the analysis. It has led to the constitution of a typology that examines the evolution of the main forms of the video installation. This classification focuses on the artwork that is already installed. However, this state is the outcome of a complicated procedure. Divided into four steps and thoroughly examined, this process raises some crucial questions concerning the acquisition, the exposition and the conservation of the video installation. When installed, the artwork acquires two spatiotemporal dimensions, namely the virtual space and time of the video image and the real space and time of the installation, both analysed in the third chapter. This essay stresses the historical aspect of the video installation by situating it within the broader context of the 20th century history of art.
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A design flow to automatically Generate on chip monitors during high-level synthesis of Hardware accelarators / Un flot de conception pour générer automatiquement des moniteurs sur puce pendant la synthèse de haut niveau d'accélérateurs matérielsBen Hammouda, Mohamed 11 December 2014 (has links)
Les systèmes embarqués sont de plus en plus utilisés dans des domaines divers tels que le transport, l’automatisation industrielle, les télécommunications ou la santé pour exécuter des applications critiques et manipuler des données sensibles. Ces systèmes impliquent souvent des intérêts financiers et industriels, mais aussi des vies humaines ce qui impose des contraintes fortes de sûreté. Par conséquent, un élément clé réside dans la capacité de tels systèmes à répondre correctement quand des erreurs se produisent durant l’exécution et ainsi empêcher des comportements induits inacceptables. Les erreurs peuvent être d’origines naturelles telles que des impacts de particules, du bruit interne (problème d’intégrité), etc. ou provenir d’attaques malveillantes. Les architectures de systèmes embarqués comprennent généralement un ou plusieurs processeurs, des mémoires, des contrôleurs d’entrées/sorties ainsi que des accélérateurs matériels utilisés pour améliorer l’efficacité énergétique et les performances. Avec l’évolution des applications, le cycle de conception d’accélérateurs matériels devient de plus en plus complexe. Cette complexité est due en partie aux spécifications des accélérateurs matériels qui reposent traditionnellement sur l’écriture manuelle de fichiers en langage de description matérielle (HDL).Cependant, la synthèse de haut niveau (HLS) qui favorise la génération automatique ou semi-automatique d’accélérateurs matériels à partir de spécifications logicielles, comme du code C, permet de réduire cette complexité.Le travail proposé dans ce manuscrit cible l’intégration d’un support de vérification dans les outils de HLS pour générer des moniteurs sur puce au cours de la synthèse de haut niveau des accélérateurs matériels. Trois contributions distinctes ont été proposées. La première contribution consiste à contrôler les erreurs de comportement temporel des entrées/sorties (impactant la synchronisation avec le reste du système) ainsi que les erreurs du flot de contrôle (sauts illégaux ou problèmes de boucles infinies). La synthèse des moniteurs est automatique sans qu’aucune modification de la spécification utilisée en entrée de la HLS ne soit nécessaire. La deuxième contribution vise la synthèse des propriétés de haut niveau (ANSI-C asserts) qui ont été ajoutées dans la spécification logicielle de l’accélérateur matériel. Des options de synthèse ont été proposées pour arbitrer le compromis entre le surcout matériel, la dégradation de la performance et le niveau de protection. La troisième contribution améliore la détection des corruptions des données qui peuvent modifier les valeurs stockées, et/ou modifier les transferts de données, sans violer les assertions (propriétés) ni provoquer de sauts illégaux. Ces erreurs sont détectées en dupliquant un sous-ensemble des données du programme, limité aux variables les plus critiques. En outre, les propriétés sur l’évolution des variables d’induction des boucles ont été automatiquement extraites de la description algorithmique de l’accélérateur matériel. Il faut noter que l’ensemble des approches proposées dans ce manuscrit, ne s’intéresse qu’à la détection d’erreurs lors de l’exécution. La contreréaction c.à.d. la manière dont le moniteur réagit si une erreur est détectée n’est pas abordée dans ce document. / Embedded systems are increasingly used in various fields like transportation, industrial automation, telecommunication or healthcare to execute critical applications and manipulate sensitive data. These systems often involve financial and industrial interests but also human lives which imposes strong safety constraints.Hence, a key issue lies in the ability of such systems to respond safely when errors occur at runtime and prevent unacceptable behaviors. Errors can be due to natural causes such as particle hits as well as internal noise, integrity problems, but also due to malicious attacks. Embedded system architecture typically includes processor (s), memories, Input / Output interface, bus controller and hardware accelerators that are used to improve both energy efficiency and performance. With the evolution of applications, the design cycle of hardware accelerators becomes more and more complex. This complexity is partly due to the specification of hardware accelerators traditionally based on handwritten Hardware Description Language (HDL) files. However, High-Level Synthesis (HLS) that promotes automatic or semi-automatic generation of hardware accelerators according to software specification, like C code, allows reducing this complexity.The work proposed in this document targets the integration of verification support in HLS tools to generate On-Chip Monitors (OCMs) during the high-level synthesis of hardware accelerators (HWaccs). Three distinct contributions are proposed. The first one consists in checking the Input / Output timing behavior errors (synchronization with the whole system) as well as the control flow errors (illegal jumps or infinite loops). On-Chip Monitors are automatically synthesized and require no modification in their high-level specification. The second contribution targets the synthesis of high-level properties (ANSI-C asserts) that are added into the software specification of HWacc. Synthesis options are proposed to trade-off area overhead, performance impact and protection level. The third contribution improves the detection of data corruptions that can alter the stored values or/and modify the data transfers without causing assertions violations or producing illegal jumps. Those errors are detected by duplicating a subset of program’s data limited to the most critical variables. In addition, the properties over the evolution of loops induction variables are automatically extracted from the algorithmic description of HWacc. It should be noticed that all the proposed approaches, in this document, allow only detecting errors at runtime. The counter reaction i.e. the way how the HWacc reacts if an error is detected is out of scope of this work.
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Aplicação do método k0-INAA no Laboratório de Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons do IPEN utilizando o programa k0-IAEA. Análise de amostras biológicas. / k0-INAA application at IPEN Neutron Activation Laboratory by using the k0-IAEA program. Biological sample analysisDaniel Correa Puerta 14 June 2013 (has links)
Este estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos na aplicação do método de padronização k0-INAA no LANIPEN, para a análise de amostras biológicas, utilizando o programa k0-IAEA, fornecido pela Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA). Os parâmetros de fluxo f e α do reator IEA-R1 do IPEN foram determinados na estação pneumática de irradiação e na posição de irradiação 24B/prateleira2, para irradiações curtas e longas, respectivamente. Para obter esses fatores, foi utilizado o chamado método bare triple-monitor com 197Au-96Zr- 94Zr. Para a verificação da precisão e exatidão do método, foram analisados os materiais biológicos de referência Peach Leaves (NIST SRM 1547), Mixed Polish Herbs (INCT-MPH-2) e Tomato Leaves (NIST SRM 1573a). Os critérios estatísticos Erro Relativo (bias, %), Coeficiente de Variação (CV) e U-score foram aplicados para avaliação dos resultados obtidos (média de seis replicatas). Os erros relativos (bias, %) ficaram, para maioria dos elementos, entre 0 e 30%, em relação aos valores certificados. Os Coeficientes de Variação foram inferiores a 20%, mostrando boa reprodutibilidade nos resultados obtidos experimentalmente. Os valores de U-score mostraram que todos os resultados, com exceção do valor para Na no Peach Leaves e no Tomato Leaves, estão dentro de um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Estes resultados apontam para uma promissora utilização do método k0-INAA no LAN-IPEN para a análise de amostras biológicas. / The results obtained in the application of the k0-standardization method at LAN-IPEN for biological matrices analysis, by using the k0-IAEA software, provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), are presented. The flux parameters f and α of the IEA-R1 reactor were determined for the pneumatic irradiation facility and for one selected irradiation position, 24B/shelf2, for short and long irradiations, respectively. In order to obtain these parameters, the bare triple-monitor method with 197Au-96Zr-94Zr was used. In order to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the methodology, the biological reference materials Peach Leaves (NIST SRM 1547), Mixed Polish Herbs (INCT-MPH-2) e Tomato Leaves (NIST SRM 1573a) were analyzed. The statistical criteria Relative Errors (bias, %), Coefficient of Variation (CV) and U-score were applied to the obtained results (mean of six replicates). The relative errors (bias, %) in relation to certified values, were, for most elements, in the range of 0 e 30. The Coefficients of Variation were below 20%, showing a good reproducibility of the results. The Uscore test showed that all results, except Na in Peach Leaves and in Tomato Leaves, were within 95% confidence interval. These results point out to a promising use of the k0-INAA method at LAN-IPEN for biological sample analysis.
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Aplicação do método k0-INAA no Laboratório de Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons do IPEN utilizando o programa k0-IAEA. Análise de amostras biológicas. / k0-INAA application at IPEN Neutron Activation Laboratory by using the k0-IAEA program. Biological sample analysisPuerta, Daniel Correa 14 June 2013 (has links)
Este estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos na aplicação do método de padronização k0-INAA no LANIPEN, para a análise de amostras biológicas, utilizando o programa k0-IAEA, fornecido pela Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA). Os parâmetros de fluxo f e α do reator IEA-R1 do IPEN foram determinados na estação pneumática de irradiação e na posição de irradiação 24B/prateleira2, para irradiações curtas e longas, respectivamente. Para obter esses fatores, foi utilizado o chamado método bare triple-monitor com 197Au-96Zr- 94Zr. Para a verificação da precisão e exatidão do método, foram analisados os materiais biológicos de referência Peach Leaves (NIST SRM 1547), Mixed Polish Herbs (INCT-MPH-2) e Tomato Leaves (NIST SRM 1573a). Os critérios estatísticos Erro Relativo (bias, %), Coeficiente de Variação (CV) e U-score foram aplicados para avaliação dos resultados obtidos (média de seis replicatas). Os erros relativos (bias, %) ficaram, para maioria dos elementos, entre 0 e 30%, em relação aos valores certificados. Os Coeficientes de Variação foram inferiores a 20%, mostrando boa reprodutibilidade nos resultados obtidos experimentalmente. Os valores de U-score mostraram que todos os resultados, com exceção do valor para Na no Peach Leaves e no Tomato Leaves, estão dentro de um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Estes resultados apontam para uma promissora utilização do método k0-INAA no LAN-IPEN para a análise de amostras biológicas. / The results obtained in the application of the k0-standardization method at LAN-IPEN for biological matrices analysis, by using the k0-IAEA software, provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), are presented. The flux parameters f and α of the IEA-R1 reactor were determined for the pneumatic irradiation facility and for one selected irradiation position, 24B/shelf2, for short and long irradiations, respectively. In order to obtain these parameters, the bare triple-monitor method with 197Au-96Zr-94Zr was used. In order to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the methodology, the biological reference materials Peach Leaves (NIST SRM 1547), Mixed Polish Herbs (INCT-MPH-2) e Tomato Leaves (NIST SRM 1573a) were analyzed. The statistical criteria Relative Errors (bias, %), Coefficient of Variation (CV) and U-score were applied to the obtained results (mean of six replicates). The relative errors (bias, %) in relation to certified values, were, for most elements, in the range of 0 e 30. The Coefficients of Variation were below 20%, showing a good reproducibility of the results. The Uscore test showed that all results, except Na in Peach Leaves and in Tomato Leaves, were within 95% confidence interval. These results point out to a promising use of the k0-INAA method at LAN-IPEN for biological sample analysis.
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Tunable Patch Antenna Using Semiconductor and Nano-Scale Barium Strontium Titanate VaractorsBaylis, Samuel Andrew 23 March 2007 (has links)
Patch antennas are fundamental elements in many microwave communications systems. However, patch antennas receive/transmit signals over a very narrow bandwidth (typically a maximum of 3% bandwidth). Design modifications directed toward bandwidth expansion generally yield 10% to 40% bandwidth.
The series varactor tuned patch antenna configuration was the bandwidth enhancement method explored in this research; this configuration is implemented by dividing a patch antenna into multiple sections and placing varactors across the resultant gaps. In addition to yielding a large bandwidth, the configuration has a number of ancillary benefits, including straightforward integration and design flexibility. Through the research represented by this work, the properties of the series varactor tuned patch antenna, herein referred to as the Fragmented Patch Antenna (or FPA), were explored and optimized. As a result, an innovative patch antenna was produced that yielded 63.4% frequency tuning bandwidth and covered a frequency range between 2.8 and 5.4 GHz. The wide bandwidth was achieved through a detailed parametric study. The products of this study were the discovery of multiple tuning resonances that were used to expand the tuning bandwidth and the understanding/documentation of the significance of specific antenna dimensions.
Measurement results were obtained through the fabrication of a prototype antenna using semiconductor varactors.
In the second research phase, the construction of capacitors using the tunable permittivity material Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) was investigated. Using this material in conjunction with nano-fabrication techniques, varactors were developed that had good estimated performance characteristics and were considered appropriate for integration into adaptive microwave circuitry, such as the tunable antenna system.
The varactors were constructed by using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling to create a nano-scale capacitive gap in a transmission line. A combination of end-point current detection (EPD) and cross-section scanning electron (SEM) and ion beam (FIB) microscope images were used to optimize the milling procedure. The future extensions of this work include the integration of the BST varactors with the antenna design; the configuration of the developed BST varactors lends itself to a straightforward integration with the FPA antenna.
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Development and performance assessment of ITER diagnostics for runaway electrons based on predictive modelling / Conception et évaluation des performances des diagnostics de mesure des électrons découplés pour ITER fondé sur une modélisation prédictivePandya, Santosh 19 March 2019 (has links)
Dans les tokamaks, Sous l'application champ de électrique, les électrons sont accélérés et en même temps, ils subissent une force de friction due aux collisions avec les autres particules du plasma. Cependant, une fraction de la population totale d'électrons peuvent surmonter la force de friction et atteindre une vitesse proche de la vitesse lumière. Ces électrons relativistes sont découplés du plasma et sont appelés électrons runaway (ER). Ils peuvent apparaître lors des différentes phases d'une décharge de plasma. Par exemple, dans la phase de démarrage ou alors pendant les disruptions, au cours desquelles une fraction importante du courant plasma peut être convertie en ER ayant une énergie pouvant atteindre quelques dizaines de MeV. Les ER créés pendant la phase de perturbation peuvent causer des dommages aux premiers composants murs si un dépôt localisé de forte puissance se produit. ITER étant un tokamak de grande taille et un projet coûteux, la génération d'ER n'est pas souhaitable. La viabilité de la machine nécessite que les ER soient détectés en temps réel. La thèse fournit une étude détaillée dans cette direction pour le développement des deux principaux diagnostics sur ITER impliqués dans les mesures de paramètres pour les ER, à savoir, le moniteur de rayons X durs qui détecte le rayonnement de bremsstrahlung et les caméras visibles et infrarouges qui détectent le rayonnement synchrotron. Une solution de conception unique a été proposée pour le moniteur HXRM et est développée ici et optimisée. Pour les caméras, une modélisation des signaux est effectuée pour la première fois. Pour ce faire, un code de calcul a été développé et validé sur différents tokamaks. / In tokamaks, under the application of the electric field, a small fraction of the total electrons population can overcome collisional drag force and attain high velocity close to the speed of light. These relativistic electrons are called Runaway-Electrons (REs). The REs can occur during different phases of a plasma discharge. REs created during the disruptions phase can form a high energetic RE-beam that poses a risk to damage the first wall components if localized high power deposition takes place. ITER being a large size tokamak and an expensive project, generation of REs is not desirable during any phases of a plasma discharge. Detection of these REs and measurements of its parameters are important for the tokamak operation. Hence, RE diagnostics have to be in place to aid the commissioning of the disruption mitigation system and also for the post-event analysis to improve the reliability of RE avoidance. The present thesis gives a detailed study in this direction for the development of the two principal ITER Diagnostics involved in RE parameter measurements, namely the Hard X-Ray Monitor (HXRM) that detects bremsstrahlung radiation and the Visible and Infrared Cameras that detect synchrotron radiation. A unique design solution has been given for the HXRM and is developed, R&D tests were performed and optimized in line with this understanding. For the cameras, it is predicted for the first time which images and signal intensity can be expected. To achieve this, a simple but comprehensive code has been developed and validated on tokamaks that can predict RE parameters and corresponding diagnostic signals which may have further uses also in the context of RE avoidance.
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Hardware and Software Improvements to a Low-Cost Holographic Video MonitorHenrie, Andrew August 01 June 2018 (has links)
The "Mark V" Holographic Video Monitor ("HoloMonitor") is a continuation of effort and accomplishments to produce a low-cost device capable of reproducing true full-color horizontal-parallax-only computer-generated holograms at typical video frame-rates. While other devices around the world may have greater capabilities, these devices are currently confined to laboratory settings due to their sheer complexity and expense. The aim of this project is to provide researchers and "tinkerers" with a device capable of recreating holographic effects in full color, respectable resolution, in real time, and at a comparatively low cost. The "Mark V" HoloMonitor is a closer representation of a consumer product than any other device of the MIT/BYU series of HoloMonitors. In this thesis, I discuss the complete design and construction of all of the optic (sans modulator) electronic subsystems that compose this device, along with explaining and providing working code needed to drive it in various modes of operation. The main objective of this thesis is to sufficiently instruct undergraduate and graduate colleagues so that they can replicate and build upon this work.
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Impact of wildfire on the spotted-tailed quoll Dasyurus maculatus in Kosciuszko National ParkDawson, James Patrick, Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, Australian Defence Force Academy, UNSW January 2005 (has links)
A population of spotted-tailed quolls Dasyurus maculatus was studied for three years (2002-2004) in the lower catchment of the Jacobs River, in the Byadbo Wilderness Area of southern Kosciuszko National Park, south-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Survey and monitoring of quoll latrine sites and prey populations, dietary analysis and live-trapping was carried out for one year before and two years after the widespread wildfires of January 2003, which had a very high impact on the study area. Survey for spotted-tailed quoll latrine sites was successful in locating a total of 90 latrine sites in the Jacobs River study area over the three years of the study. These were found throughout all parts of the topography among large, complex granite outcrops and along rocky sections of riparian habitat. After the fire in 2003, lower numbers of latrines were in use than observed pre-fire, and there was a lower level of usage (number of scats) of individual latrines. Continued monitoring in 2004 revealed that many latrines that had become inactive in 2003 following the fire were re-activated in the second breeding season following fire. 1466 spotted-tailed quoll scats were collected from latrines and live-trapped quolls over the three years of the study. Hair analysis from scats identified twenty-two different species of mammal in the diet of the spotted-tailed quoll from the Jacobs River study area, representing the majority of all prey identified (98.5% occurrence) and contributing almost all of the biomass consumed (99.6%). Medium-sized mammals were the most important prey category, followed by small mammals, large mammals (most likely taken as carrion) and non-mammalian prey (birds, reptiles, insects and plants). Brushtail possums were the most important single prey item by both frequency of occurrence and percentage biomass in all years, followed by lagomorphs (rabbits and hares), Rattus spp., and swamp wallabies. There was a significant difference in the composition of the diet by major prey category across the years of the study as a result of the fire, indicated by a shift in utilisation of food resources by quolls in response to significant changes in prey availability. Monitoring of prey populations revealed that brushtail possums, lagomorphs and bandicoots were all significantly less abundant in the study area in the winter directly following the fire, followed by a significant increase in abundance of lagomorphs, but not of possums, in the second winter after the fire. Quolls adapted well to this altered prey availability. While there was a significant decrease in occurrence of brushtail possum in scats after the fire, significantly more scats contained hair of lagomorphs, to the point where almost equal proportions of lagomorphs and possum hair occurred in scats by the winter of 2004. Other fire-induced changes to the diet were evident, such as a significant drop in the occurrence of small mammals in scats for both winters after the fire, and a peak in occurrence of large mammals in the winter directly following the fire that strongly suggests there was a short-term increase in the availability of carrion. A large, high-density population of spotted-tailed quolls was live-trapped and marked during the winter breeding season of 2002. Twenty-two quolls (13 male and 9 female) were present in the study area in 2002, and subsequent trapping over the 2003 and 2004 winter breeding seasons following the fire revealed that the high-intensity wildfire did not result in the extinction of the local population. There was evidence of a small, short-term decline in the number of quolls present in the study area in the 2003 breeding season, with 16 individual quolls captured. Males were outnumbered two-to-one by females, due either to mortality or emigration. Trapping in 2004 showed a recovery of the population to numbers exceeding that observed prior to the fire, with 26 individuals captured (16 male, 10 female), most likely as a result of immigration. There was some evidence that recruitment of young from the post-fire breeding season in 2003 was reduced because of the fire. This study took advantage of an unplanned wildfire event to monitor the response of a population of spotted-tailed quolls and their prey. In this regard it was fortuitous since it has been recognised that the use of replicates and controls in the study of the impacts of wildfire on such species is likely to be logistically impossible. Consequently, the effects of fire on forest and woodland fauna such as the spotted-tailed quoll are poorly understood, with many authors expressing concern that, potentially, wildfires are likely to be highly detrimental to resident quoll populations. The results of this study, however, concur with the few other studies in which forest mammal populations have been monitored before and after wildfire in suggesting that wildfires may not be as destructive to fauna as that imagined. The results of this work will provide information to assist in the preparation of management strategies for the species, such as recovery plans, as well as information for land managers preparing management plans, including fire management plans, for habitats in which spotted-tailed quolls are found throughout their range.
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Implementing effective school practices for secondary English language learners : implications for leadersHester, Debra Cantu 24 September 2013 (has links)
In 1999, Texas Legislature mandated the Student Success Initiative to ensure all eighth grade students are on grade level in reading and mathematics. Although progress is evident, the achievement gap for English language learners remains. The purpose of this case study was to explore effective school practices that lead to closing the achievement gap. This qualitative study applies the two core functions of leadership for exercising influence and providing direction to answer the research question: How do the core functions of school leadership practices for implementing the Student Success Initiative requirements vary between English language learners and non-English language learners in high and low-performing middle schools? The comparison between the high-performing school and low-performing school brought forth key findings and identifies school practices for supporting secondary English language learners.
The key findings for exercising influence on teachers were: 1) Effective school practices that influence teacher knowledge on how to identify students and their needs include: a) conducts a needs assessment.; b) analyze data; c) create differentiated ESL programs, d) place diverse groups of ELLs in differentiated ESL programs. 2) Effective school practices to influence teachers how to intervene include: a) accept teacher input and follow through on requests when planning interventions, b) target intervention needs; c) create differentiated interventions. 3) Effective school practices to influence teachers how to monitor include: a) analyze multiple types of data, b) measure student reading growth; c) measure student language proficiency, d) conduct walkthroughs to observe students. The key findings for providing direction to teachers established the following practices: 4) Effective school practices to provide direction to identify students and their needs include, a) develop and implement a school wide intervention plan, b) create a master schedule to implement differentiated ESL programs; c) model how to disaggregate data, d) develop and implement an individual plan for ELLs. 5) Effective school practices to provide direction to intervene include: a) assign ESL teacher to intervention groups, b) use data to drive intervention planning, c) measure growth in language and literacy, d) provide daily interventions, e) integrate language and literacy interventions in lessons. 6) Effective school practices to provide direction to teachers for monitoring include: a) measure growth of literacy and language development, b) triangulate multiple types of data, c) review intervention lessons during walkthroughs, e) provide daily interventions specific to student needs. / text
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Intense pulsed neutron generation based on the principle of Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PI3) technique.Motloung, Setumo Victor January 2006 (has links)
<p>The development of a deuterium-deuterium/ tritium-deuterium (D-D/ D-T) pulsed neutron generator based on the principle of the Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PI3) technique is presented, in terms of investigating development of a compact system to generate an ultra short burst of mono-energetic neutrons (of order 1010 per second) during a short period of time (< / 20&mu / s) at repetition rates up to 1 kHz. The system will facilitate neutron detection techniques, such as neutron back-scattering, neutron radiography and time-of-flight activation analysis.</p>
<p><br />
Aspects addressed in developing the system includes (a) characterizing the neutron spectra generated as a function of the target configuration/ design to ensure a sustained intense neutron flux for long periods of time, (b) the system was also characterised as a function of power supply operating conditions such as voltage, current, gas pressure and plasma density.</p>
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