Background: According to the WHO, in 2019, of the 384,000 deaths due to malaria globally, Uganda has accounted for 5% of total deaths. This study aims to estimate the fraction of severe malaria cases, and socio-demographic characteristics associated with severe malaria among children aged 0–59 months who are positive for malaria in Uganda. Methods: This is a population based cross sectional study conducted among 1627 children aged  0-59 months who were positive for malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test. Data for this analysis was extracted from Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the prevalence of severe malaria and its association with different background characteristics. The study was conducted using SPSS software version 27. Results: The prevalence of severe malaria symptoms was in 11.7% of included children. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significantly increased odds for children aged 12-23 months (aOR: 2.0;95% CI: 1.3 – 3.3)  and 24 – 35 (aOR: 1.93;95% CI: 1.2 – 3.1) months, children living in urban settings (aOR: 4.9;95% CI: 2.2 – 10.7) , and children belonging to the middle (aOR: 1.9;95% CI: 1.3 – 2.9)  wealth quantile also had significantly higher odds of having one or more symptoms of severe malaria Conclusion: Ages 12–35 months, living in urban areas, and belonging in the middle wealth quantile were significantly associated with increased odds of having one or more symptoms of severe malaria. The results of which suggest a need for malaria intervention policies to address the needs of younger children and urban communities in Uganda.

Magister Public Health - MPH / World Health Organisation and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months and continuation of breastfeeding for two years and beyond. Despite this recommendation, EBF rates have not been optimal globally, with coverage ranging from 1% - 23% in Europe to 0.3% - 73% in sub Saharan Africa. In Zambia, despite recording an increase in EBF during the first six months of life from 61% (2007) to 73% (2014), there is a rapid decline in EBF as infants get older during the first six months, from 94% among infants aged less two (02) months to 45% among infants aged 4 to 5 months. This study explored mothers’ experiences, perceptions and attitudes towards existing Behavioural Change Communication (BCC) interventions and the possible influence thereof on the adoption of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of infants under six months in Tazara and Chilonga areas of Mpika district.

This diploma thesis is devoted to the development of body measurements of children 0 to 6 months old being exclusively breastfed until the age of four months and then breastfed with appropriate complementary food. The anthropometrical parameters were the body length, the body weight and the head circumference. The results are shown separately for girls and boys in tables and graphs. The data were compared to the previous surveys of the Czech children. Student's t-test and Z- score were used for comparison. Selected somatic and other characteristics obtained by a questionnaire were taken into the study. The Life Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to evaluate the welfare of primiparas. The breastfed children do not reach lower average values of body length and weight than children of the reference survey CAV, 2001 (Vignerová et al., 2005) and Bláha a kol., 2001 (Bláha et al., 2010) in general. Body lenght, body weight and head circumference of boys and girls until the age of one month positively correlates with the gestation age of an infant. Life satisfaction of primiparas is mostly influenced by financial situation, marriage, partnership and sexuality. Life satisfaction of primiparas from our survey correlates statistically significantly with their health and satisfaction with marriage and partnership. The collected somatic data of infants could be used as a part of the standards for contemporary population of breastfed infants.

Les mots étant rarement produits hors contexte phrastique, les enfants vont devoir les extraire du flux de parole pour les apprendre. Les probabilités de transition (Saffran et al., 1996) et les unités rythmiques (Nazzi et al., 2006) seraient cruciales à l'émergence de la segmentation. Les formes sonores segmentées seront par la suite mémorisées en représentations phonétiquement détaillées. Cependant, selon Nespor et al. (2003) les consonnes seraient plus impliquées au niveau lexical que les voyelles, proposant un biais consonantique dans la reconnaissance des formes sonores segmentées. Le premier axe de ma thèse s'intéresse aux capacités précoces de segmentation chez les enfants francophones nés à terme et prématurés afin de déterminer quand elles émergent et dans quelle mesure les unités rythmiques sont impliquées. Le second s'intéresse à l'émergence et à l'origine du biais consonantique. Les résultats montrent que (1) les enfants nés à terme et prématurés sont capables de segmenter la parole en utilisant l'unité syllabique dès 6 mois ; (2) d'un biais vocalique à 6 mois, les enfants francophones, acquièrent un biais consonantique à 8 mois dans la reconnaissance de formes sonores segmentées ; (3) le biais consonantique proviendrait donc de l'acquisition des propriétés acoustiques/phonétiques de la langue maternelle. / Since words are rarely produced in isolation, one of the first steps in acquiring new words is to segment them from continuous speech. Transitional probabilities (Saffran et al., 1996) and rhythmic units (Nazzi et al., 2006) have been proposed to be crucial at segmentation onset. Segmented word forms will then have to be stored as phonetically-specified representations for future recognition. However, Nespor et al. (2003) hypothesized that consonants, more than vowels, are involved at the lexical level, proposing a consonant bias in early word processing.The first part of my dissertation investigates preterm and full-term infants' segmentation abilities to determine when they emerge and to what extent rhythmic units are involved. The second part investigates the emergence and origin of the consonant bias in recognizing segmented word forms with full-term infants. Results show that (1) both preterm and full-term 6-month-olds are able to segment speech by using syllabic units; (2) French-learning infants switch from a vowel bias at 6 months to an adult-like consonant bias in recognizing segmented word forms; (3) the consonant bias emerging between 6 and 8 months of age, it would result from the processing and learning of the acoustic/phonetic properties on the language being acquired.

Bakgrund: För människor som bor i Sverige har utomhusaktiviteter en betydande roll gällande traditioner, identitet samt dagliga rutiner. Det blir vanligare att äldre personer bosätter sig i stadsmiljö och utför utomhusaktiviteter i närheten av sitt hem. Mer kunskap behövs om vilka utomhusaktiviteter äldre personer utför under sommaren. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga äldre personers utomhusaktiviteter i stadsmiljö under sommaren i Sverige. Metod: En kvantitativ explorativ enkätstudie baserad på befintlig data insamlad via ett bekvämlighetsurval i en tidigare undersökning. Urvalet bestod av 687 personer, 65 år och äldre som var hemmaboende. För statistisk analys användes Mann-Whitney U-test. Resultat: Deltagarna utför en mängd olika utomhusaktiviteter. Det finns en skillnad i hur ofta deltagarna utför utomhusaktiviteter beroende på ålder och boendeform. Slutsats: Äldre personer utför många utomhusaktiviteter i stadsmiljö under sommaren vilket bidrar till ett hälsosamt åldrande. Att promenera, äta och fika samt vistas i naturen tillhör de vanligaste förekommande utomhusaktiviteterna. Implikationer: Studien kan hjälpa arbetsterapeuter verksamma inom stadsplanering att främja äldre personers delaktighet samt inspirera yrkesverksamma till förebyggande interventioner i arbetet med äldre personer utifrån äldre personers utomhusaktiviteter. / Introduction: Engaging in outdoor-activities offers numerous benefits. For people living in Sweden outdoor activities have a significant role in terms of traditions, identity and daily routines. It’s increasingly common for people to settle in urban environments, including the elderly population. Many of the older population's physical outdoor activities occur in proximity to their homes. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to map older people's outdoor activities in an urban environment during summer in Sweden. Method: This is a quantitative exploratory survey study using pre-existing data obtained through convenience sampling from a previous survey. The sample consisted of 687 people aged 65 and older, living at home. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was performed for difference analysis. Results: Participants perform various outdoor activities to varying degrees. There´s a difference in how often performance of outdoor activities takes place depending on how old they are or what living situation they have. Conclusion: Elderly perform many outdoor activities in urban environments during summer, which promotes healthy-ageing. The most common outdoor activities is Walking, Eating and Spending time in nature. Implications: The study can assist occupational therapists working in urban planning to promote the participation of elderly and inspire professionals to implement preventive interventions based on the outdoor activities of older people.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Two experiments were carried out aiming to evaluate pasture attributes and productive and reproductive performance of beef heifers from nine to 13 months of age (Experiment 1) and subsequently from 15 to 18 months of age (Experiment 2). Pasture and livestock assessment in Experiment 1 totaled 112 days, from July to November 2008. The beef heifers were kept grazing on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), with heifers either exclusively on pasture or receiving fat as a supplement (0.15 or 0.30% of body weight (BW)). Experiment 2 was carried out from January to April 2009 and pasture attributes, productive and reproductive performance and beef heifers ingestive behavior in Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) with forage on offer (FO) of 10% and Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea) with FO of 8 and 12% were studied. On both experiments continuous grazing method was used with variable number of animals. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures over time. The following variables were measured in Experiment 1: animal performance, pasture and supplement efficiency of conversion to kg of body weight, height , body weight:height ratio, pelvic area and reproductive tract score of heifers. Pasture variables were similar between supplement levels and the average values of forage mass and forage on offer were 1497.6 kg ha-1 DM and 11.45 kg DM 100 kg-1 BW, respectively. The productive and reproductive variables were not affected by fat levels tested. Heifers supplemented with fat had higher average daily gain, body weight, height, condition score and body weight: height ratio than heifers exclusively on pasture. The use of supplemental fat promoted no change in pelvic area and reproductive tract score of heifers, which presents inadequate development to allow breeding at 12/14 months old. In Experiment 2, the ingestive behavior was measured in four continuous 12 hour periods. Pasture variables, animal performance and ingestive behavior in Alexandergrass were similar in both forage on offer. There was both stocking rate and gain per hectare increase of 22 and 75%, respectively when heifers grazed on Alexandergrass in relation to Coastcross. The heifers present similar individual and reproductive performance when grazing on either Coastcross or Alexandergrass on both forage on offer and are considered capable of breeding at 18 months of age. / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar os atributos das pastagens e o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de novilhas de corte dos nove aos 13 meses de idade (Experimento 1) e posteriormente dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade (Experimento 2). No Experimento 1 o período destinado a avaliação da pastagem e dos animais totalizou 112 dias, de18 julho a quatro de novembro de 2008. As bezerras foram mantidas em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), com animais exclusivamente em pastagem ou recebendo suplemento lipídico (0,15% ou 0,30% do peso corporal (PC)). O Experimento 2 transcorreu de 29 de janeiro a 23 de abril de 2009 e foram estudados os atributos das pastagens, desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhas de corte em Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon (L.)) com oferta de forragem (OF) de 10% e Papuã (Urochloa plantaginea) com OF de 8% e 12%. Nos dois experimentos foi utilizado o método de pastejo continuo com número variável de animais. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo. No experimento 1 foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis resposta: desempenho animal, eficiência de transformação do pasto e do suplemento em kg de peso corporal, altura, relação peso corporal:altura, área pélvica e escore de trato reprodutivo das bezerras. As variáveis do pasto foram semelhantes entre os níveis de suplemento utilizados e os valores médios de massa de forragem e oferta de forragem foram de 1497,6 kgha-1 de MS e 11,45 kg de MS/100 kg de PC. As variáveis do desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo não foram afetadas pelos níveis de gordura utilizados. As bezerras suplementadas com gordura apresentaram maior ganho médio diário, peso corporal, escore de condição corporal, altura e relação peso corporal:altura do que bezerras exclusivamente em pastejo. O uso de suplementação com gordura não expressou alteração na área pélvica e escore de trato reprodutivo das bezerras, as quais não mostraram desenvolvimento adequado para serem acasaladas aos 12/14 meses de idade. No experimento 2, o comportamento ingestivo foi medido em quatro períodos contínuos de 12 horas. As variáveis do pasto, desempenho animal e comportamento ingestivo foram semelhantes em Papuã nas duas ofertas de forragem. Houve acréscimo na taxa de lotação e no ganho por área quando as novilhas pastejaram Papuã em relação à Coastcross de 22% e 75%, respectivamente. As novilhas apresentaram desempenho individual e reprodutivo semelhante quando pastejaram Coastcross ou Papuã em ambas as ofertas, sendo consideradas aptas a reprodução aos 18 meses de idade.

The aim of this diploma is to study the development of basic body measurements of infants 6 to 12 months old being exclusively breastfed up to 4 months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with appropriate complementary foods up to one year of age or beyond. The monitored physical parameters were the body length, weight, and head circumference. The anthropometric data were collected according to a standardized (Martin-Saller?s) method or its modification. For statistical comparison sorting of the age categories according to the WHO recommendation was made. Our data were compared (t-test, Z-score) with the results of the previous surveys of Czech children. Comparison of results of our study and previous anthropological survey showed lower mean values of weight-height ratio in our file. The questionnaire of mothers? somatic and further characteristics was evaluated. The part of this study involves also the evaluation of Life Satisfaction Questionnaire of primiparous mothers. It has been found that general life content of primiparous mothers is influenced by positive assessment of financial situation particularly. Researched somatic data about children are a part of the national anthropological survey of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Prague. The collected data sets can serve as a tool to creating standards for the current population of breastfed children.

La relation conjugale a longtemps été étudiée afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués entre la dyade parentale et leur influence sur le développement socio –affectif de l’enfant. Cependant, le concept de l’alliance parentale en est un plus proximal permettant de qualifier le niveau de coopération et d’engagement au niveau de l’éducation de l’enfant. Cette relation peut avoir une influence déterminante sur la dyade père-enfant, notamment en ce qui a trait à la relation d’activation. La présente étude vise à vérifier la présence d’un lien entre l’engagement paternel dans sa fonction d’ouverture au monde et le niveau d’activation de l’enfant âgé entre 12 et 18 mois et à vérifier si l’alliance parentale a un rôle modérateur sur ce lien. Des données sont recueillies auprès de 58 dyades père-enfant. Les résultats montrent que l’engagement paternel dans sa fonction d’ouverture au monde n’est pas lié au niveau d’activation de l’enfant. De plus, l’alliance parentale ne modère pas ce lien. Les résultats présentent néanmoins des différences en fonction du sexe de l’enfant, soit que les pères s’engagent davantage auprès de leur fille, et que les garçons sont activés de manière plus optimale. / The conjugal relationship between parents has been studied profusely as to better understand its influence on the socio-affective development of the child. However, a better proxy to conceptualise the level of cooperation and the involvement of the parents in the education of the child is the parental alliance. This alliance could have an important influence on the father-child dyad, or more specifically the activation relationship. The present study is designed to verify the existence of a link between the paternal involvement in regard to its function of openness to the world and the activation score of the child, aged from 12 to 18 months, as well as the possible moderator effect of the parental alliance on this link. Data was collected among 58 father-child dyads. Results show no link between father involvement in its function of openness to the world and the activation score. Furthermore, the parental alliance does not moderate this link. The results also show some differences between boys and girls. Fathers are more engaged with their daughter and boys are more optimally activated than girls.

This thesis is focused to the economic analysis of the nuclear fuel strategy change at nuclear power plant Temelin, where the change to 18 months fuel cycle is considered. The introduction of theses is aimed to the identification of direct economic aspects for the financial analysis. Nuclear fuel strategy change affects operation of power plant as a whole and affects production of spent nuclear fuel. Therefore the economic analysis is needed for include all social costs of the change. The conclusion of thesis is aimed to the risk analysis of the nuclear fuel strategy change. Risk analysis is performed by Monte Carlo simulation.

Annotation: The work is dedicated to tapestries from Prague Castle collections, hanging in the State Rooms and the ones that are stored in Prague Castle depository. The tapestries always played an important role in decorating the interior and still help to create a festive atmosphere of this place, usually not accessible to the public. The author focuses on detailed identification of three baroque series known as Anthony and Cleopatra and Months of the year. The serie Anthony and Cleopatra dates back to the turn of the 17th and the 18th centuries. Convolutes of the tapestries of the cycle Months of the year (represented at Prague Castle in two ways - figurally and non-figurally) were made at the beginning of the 18th century as well as in the years 1728-1736. The tapestry on the theme of the life of Anthony and Cleopatra consists of eight pieces. Seven of them belong to an elementary part of Prague Castle collection, the eighth is in Vienna. The serie Months of the year has a similar history. It consists of ten pieces, nine of them are situated at Prague Castle, the tenth is again in Vienna. Longstory short, the work is dedicated to baroque tapestries that help to create genius loci of Prague Castle. After a brief introduction providing the informative insight into the issue, the explanation of the history...