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BACKGROUND: Both mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than men with the onset typically occurring during adolescence or early childbearing years. These disorders are particularly prevalent during pregnancy and the postpartum period. While depression during the perinatal period has received significant attention recently, anxiety has not received the same amount of attention. METHODS: The current study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that followed 91 women with mood disorders through pregnancy and the postpartum period. Our objective was to determine if a correlation existed between anxiety and suicidality. We hypothesized that pregnant women with a history of a mood disorder and comorbid anxiety are more likely to be suicidal than those without comorbid anxiety. The presence of anxiety was determined using the anxiety subscale of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS; a cut off score of six or greater was used to indicate significant anxiety. Suicidality was determined using three separate measures: question ten on the EPDS, question eighteen on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and question ten on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. ANALYSIS: Chi square tests were used to compare the demographics of the anxious and non-anxious women based on both diagnosis of anxiety disorders and symptoms of anxiety. Z proportion tests were then used to compare the proportion women with anxiety versus those without anxiety who were suicidal. Lastly, binary logistic regression was used to determine if patients with anxiety were more likely to be suicidal. RESULTS: Among the women in this study, 62 (68.1%) had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and 29 (31.9%) had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder based on DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria. In addition, 45 (49.5%) had a lifetime history of an anxiety disorder. The prevalence of significant anxiety symptoms, as determined by the anxiety subscale on the EPDS, ranged from 9.1-37.5% depending on the time point. Suicidality prevalence also varied depending on both the time point and the scale used: 0-17.5% using the MADRS, 6.7-24.7% using the EPDS, and 2.4-14.7% using the IDS. Using a binary logistic regression, we determined that anxiety was a risk factor for suicidality at time T3 (OR 2.106; 95% CI 1.274-3.481) and M1 (OR 2.057; 95% CI 1.179-3.586) on the MADRS and at T3 (OR1.758; 95% CI 1.219-2.535) on the EPDS.

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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medicinal Sciences Student: Bc. Eva Hepnerová Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title: Temporolimbic dysfunction in persons with sleep disorders Background: The aim is to demonstrate the occurrence of symptoms of the temporolimbic dysfunction in person with sleep disorders using standard psychosocial questionnaires. Methods: The occurrence of symptoms of the temporolimbic dysfunction was detected by means of CPSI and LSCL-33 questionnaires. Correlation of both questionnaires' results was evaluated by Spearman's coefficient. Results: According to CPSI 11 % patients have abnormal score and they have higher occurrence of symptoms of the temporolimbic dysfunction. According to LSCL-33 achieve 32 % of respondents abnormal score and 7 % respondents have pathologic score, which means the presence of the temporolimbic dysfunction. Conclusions: The occurrence of the temporolimbic dysfunction in persons with sleep disorders have been shown, but it haven't been higher in comparison with healthy population. Keywords: mood disorders, sleep disorders, psychosocial questionnaire, sleep, temporolimbic region

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Zago.pdf: 345353 bytes, checksum: e4bed43d321cd813fa25d30871e48a86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-09 / Objective. To identify the prevalence of factors associated with the lack of adherence to psychopharmacs among Psychosocial Care Units users in Pelotas with mood disorders and schizophrenia. Methods. Cross-sectional study gathered by a prospective cohort with 563 users of PCU in Pelotas, among which 201 had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and 362 with mood disorders. Home interviews were accomplished and two questionnaires were applied, one to obtain demographic, socioeconomic and patient s disorder-related information, and another one on the use of medication and Morisky test to verify the lack of adherence. Results. The prevalence of the lack of adherence was 32%, with no significant difference according to gender, per capita income, period of the disorder, diagnostics and kind of medication. Younger individuals, with higher education, with a partner, with less frequency to PCU and that showed adverse effects were less adhering to treatment. In the stratified analysis, only adverse effects remained associated with the lack of adherence. Conclusion. The lack of adherence in individuals with mental disorders linked to PCU is mainly related to adverse effects and health policies should be dedicated to facing this issue, since it is known that the adherence to treatment helps avoid relapse and the necessity of hospitalization, in order to optimize public resources / Objetivo. Identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à não adesão a medicamentos psicofármacos entre usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em Pelotas com transtornos de humor e com esquizofrenia. Métodos. Estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte prospectiva com 563 usuários dos CAPS de Pelotas, dos quais 201 com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e 362 com transtorno do humor. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares e aplicados dois questionários, um para obter informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e relacionadas ao transtorno do paciente e outro com informações sobre o uso de medicamentos e o teste de Morisky para verificar a falta de adesão. Resultados. A prevalência de falta de adesão foi de 32%, sem diferença significativa de acordo com o gênero, a renda per capita, o tempo de doença, o diagnóstico e o tipo de medicamento. Indivíduos mais jovens, com maior escolaridade, com companheiro, com menor tempo de frequência aos CAPS e que apresentaram efeitos adversos foram menos aderentes ao tratamento. Na análise estratificada, somente os efeitos adversos permaneceram associados à falta de adesão. Conclusão. A falta de adesão em indivíduos com transtornos mentais vinculados aos CAPS está principalmente relacionada aos efeitos adversos e as políticas de saúde deveriam dedicarse ao enfrentamento deste problema, sabendo-se que a adesão ao tratamento ajuda a evitar recaídas e a necessidade de internações hospitalares, otimizando assim os recursos públicos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 l1.pdf: 71453 bytes, checksum: 9470f9e45a5664bf7e48ddccf6576547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-12 / Aim: To identify the relationship between childhood trauma and the maternal depression in a sample of young people with mood disorders and without mood disorders. Methods: Cross sectional study with 164 young people and their mothers. Ninety-eight young people were in the group with mood disorders and 66 were without mood disorders group. The diagnosis of mood disorder was conducted through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Maternal depression was identified by the Mini International Psychiatry Interview (MINI). Results: Young people with mood disorders, were 4.52 (95% CI: 1.05, 7.99) points higher on average decreased as the socioeconomic classification, and those who were children of depressed mothers were 5.36 (CI 95% CI: 1.20, 10.17) points higher than average childhood trauma than those who were not depressed mothers. Young people without mood disorders who were working were -5.94 (95% CI: -10.75, -1.13) points in the middle of the CTQ compared those who were not working. Conclusion: There was a relationship between childhood trauma and maternal depression in young people with mood disorders. The prevention and treatment of maternal psychiatric illness may decrease the risk of adverse effects on young people / Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre trauma na infância e a presença de depressão materna em uma amostra de jovens com e sem transtornos de humor. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 164 jovens e suas mães. Noventa e oito jovens fizeram parte do grupo com transtornos de humor e 66 do grupo sem transtorno de humor. O diagnóstico de transtorno de humor dos jovens foi realizado através da Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) e o trauma na infância foi avaliado através do Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). A depressão materna foi identificada pela Mini International Psychiatry Interview (MINI). Resultados: Jovens com transtorno de humor, tiveram 4,52 (IC 95%:1,05; 7,99) pontos a mais na média conforme diminuía a classificação socioeconômica, e, aqueles que eram filhos de mães deprimidas tiveram 5,36 (IC 95%:1,20; 10,17) pontos a mais na média de trauma na infância do que aqueles que não tinham mães deprimidas. Os jovens sem transtornos de humor que estavam trabalhando tiveram -5,94 (IC 95%:-10,75; -1,13) pontos na média do CTQ comparado aqueles que não estavam trabalhando. Conclusão: Verificou-se a relação entre trauma na infância e depressão materna em jovens com transtornos de humor. A prevenção e tratamento de doenças psiquiátricas materna podem diminuir o risco de efeitos negativos nos jovens

A depressao refrataria e caracterizada por ciclos recorrentes de longa duracao de episodios severos, que nao remitem ao utilizar varios tipos de antidepressivos. Ate 20% desses pacientes necessitam de tratamentos com a utilizacao de multiplos antidepressivos e/ou eletroconvulsoterapia (ECT). Para minimizar a duracao da doenca, o surgimento de reacoes adversas a medicamentos e os custos medicos com o tratamento, torna-se util o conhecimento previo da terapia que provavelmente sera mais efetiva e melhor tolerada para cada paciente. Um dos objetivos deste trabalho foi identificar polimorfismos de DNA em genes envolvidos na farmacocinetica e farmacodinamica dos antidepressivos, que poderiam estar envolvidos com a resposta terapeutica na depressao unipolar ou bipolar. Para tanto, avaliamos polimorfismos de DNA tais como: CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, ABCB1, SCL6A2, SLC6A3, HTR1A, HTR2A, TPH1, TPH2, COMT. Desse modo, polimorfismos nos genes selecionados foram genotipados em pacientes com depressao que respondem ao tratamento e em pacientes com os mesmos diagnosticos que sao refratarios ao tratamento medicamentoso e, por esse motivo, sao submetidos a ECT. Em nosso estudo, encontramos somente diferencas significativas no genotipo entre refratarios e respondedores para o gene ABCB1 [aumento da frequencia do genotipo CT em pacientes refratários para o polimorfismo rs1128503 (p=0,007) ] e para o polimorfismo rs6314 no gene HTR2A [ aumento da frequencia do genotipo AG em pacientes respondedores (p=0,042) ]. Para os demais genes nao encontramos diferencas entre as frequencias alelicas e genotipicas. Para realizarmos uma analise mais abrangente, utilizamos o metodo CART (Classification regression tree). Com ele pudemos fazer um modelo de Arvore de Decisao que possibilitou unificar os resultados dos genotipos dos polimorfismos estudados nos genes CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, ABCB1, SCL6A2, SLC6A3, HTR1A, HTR2A, TPH1, TPH2, COMT, afim de identificar o conjunto de genotipos que poderiam mostrar o percentual de chance dos pacientes serem refratarios ou respondedores, ou seja, conseguimos adequar uma metodologia estatistica que avalia os genótipos de diferentes genes em conjunto, identificando assim, qual e a contribuicao dos genotipos para a condicao de refratario ou respondedor. Com isso, criamos um modelo de analise de varios genotipos ao mesmo tempo que seleciona aqueles que melhor classificam os grupos (refratarios e respondedores). O que seria mais eficaz do que fazer associacoes individuais, porque, a arvore de decisao e capaz de encontrar interacao entre os genotipos, alem de evitar colinearidade. Com nossos dados de genotipagem, conseguimos uma arvore que apresenta uma sensibilidade de 81,6%, especificidade de 58,1% e precisao de 71,5%. Acreditamos que futuramente a utilizacao da combinacao de genotipos de um grupo de genes relacionados a farmacocinetica e dinamica de medicamentos utilizados no tratamento de diferentes doencas, possa ser simplesmente inserido em um banco de dados que determine as possibilidades do paciente responda ou nao a determinado tratamento (baseado no modelo da Arvore de Decisao). Acreditamos tambem que a determinacao de um conjunto de polimorfismos relacionados a resposta e refratariedade ao tratamento com antidepressivos pode trazer beneficios clinicos ao paciente, contribuindo para a personalização da terapia, melhorando a eficacia do tratamento da depressao unipolar ou bipolar / Refractory depression is characterized by recurrent cycles of long and severe episodes which did not remit even with the use various classes of antidepressants. Up to 20% of patients need treatments with the use of multiple antidepressants and/or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To minimize the duration of the disease, the adverse drug reactions and medical costs with treatment, it is useful to have prior knowledge of the therapy that will probably be more effective and better tolerated for each patient. One of the objectives of the work was to identify DNA polymorphisms in genes involved in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antidepressants, which could be involved in the therapeutic response in unipolar or bipolar depression. To this end, we evaluated the DNA polymorphisms on the genes: CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, ABCB1, SCL6A2, SLC6A3, HTR1A, HTR2A, TPH1, TPH2, and COMT. Thus, polymorphisms in selected genes were genotyped in patients with depression who respond to treatment and in patients with the same diagnosis who are refractory to drug treatment and, therefore, are subjected to ECT. In our study, only significant differences between the genotype of refractories and nonrefractory patients were in the ABCB1 gene [increase of the CT genotype frequency in patients refractory to the rs1128503 polymorphism (p=0.007)] and the rs6314 polymorphisms in the HTR2A gene [the increased frequency AG genotype in non-refractory patients (p=0.042)]. For other genes we found no differences between the allele and genotype frequencies. In order to conduct a more comprehensive analysis, we used the CART method (classification regression tree). With it, we could make a decision tree model that made it possible to unify the results of the genotypes of the polymorphisms studied in the CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, ABCB1, SCL6A2, SLC6A3, HTR1A, HTR2A, TPH1, TPH2, COMT genes, in order to identify a set of genotypes that could show the probability of one patient being refractory or non-refractory to treatment, i.e., we can tailor a statistical methodology that evaluates the genotypes of different genes together, thereby identifying which is the contribution of genotypes for the condition of refractory or non-refractory. Therefore, we created a model of analysis of various genotypes at the same time selecting those that best classify groups (refractory and non-refractory), what would be more effective than do individual associations, because the decision tree is able to find interaction between genotypes and avoids collinearity. With our data genotyping, we got a tree that has a sensitivity of 81.6%, specificity of 58.1% and accuracy of 71.5%. We believe that the future use of the combination of genotypes of a group of genes related to pharmacokinetics and dynamics of drugs used to treat different diseases can be simply inserted into a database to determine the chances of the patient to respond or not to the treatment (according to the decision making tree model). We also believe that the determination of a set of polymorphisms related to the response and non-response to treatment with antidepressants can bring clinical benefits to patients, contributing to customize therapy, improving the effectiveness of the treatment of unipolar or bipolar depression

INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos sugerem uma possível associação entre a presença de transtornos de humor e/ou de ansiedade com doenças cardiovasculares. Há também evidências de que indivíduos portadores de transtornos de humor e/ou de ansiedade apresentem maior prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, diabetes mellitus e pior estilo de vida, com maior frequência de tabagismo e inatividade física. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o perfi l de fatores de risco cardiovascular em amostra de indivíduos com e sem transtornos de humor e/ou ansiedade da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 2.820 participantes do Inquérito de Saúde Mental São Paulo Megacity, conduzido no município de São Paulo e 38 municípios adjacentes. Os indivíduos foram convidados a comparecer ao Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, onde foram submetidos a avaliação psiquiátrica por meio do Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders (SCID- 1 NP), a uma avaliação antropométrica incluindo peso, altura e circunferência abdominal; avaliação de fatores de risco cardiovascular e medida de pressão arterial; glicemia de jejum, perfi l lipídico, de proteína C reativa ultra-sensível (PCRus), do hormônio tireoestimulante; cálculo do escore de risco de Framingham e avaliação de atividade física por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Os dados foram analisados por grupo de transtornos psiquiátricos (humor, ansiedade e/ou depressão maior) e por gênero. As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas usando-se o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e as contínuas usando-se ANOVA com teste post hoc of Bonferroni. Também foi realizada regressão logística binária expressa como a razão de chances e respectivo intervalo de confi ança de 95%. Foi utilizado o soft ware estatístico SPSS, versão 16.0. RESULTADOS: Dos 2820 indivíduos selecionados para o estudo, foi realizado contato com 1.471 participantes (1471/2820=52,2%) e, dentre eles, 780 (780/1471=53%) aceitaram participar, sendo que 8 foram excluídos não completarem o protocolo ou por necessitarem de atendimento médico imediato, restando um total de 772 indivíduos para a análise. Na população estudada identifi cou-se 43,7% de transtornos de ansiedade, 40,2% de transtornos de humor e 13,9% de transtornos por uso de substâncias. Foi observado que mulheres com transtorno de humor durante a vida apresentaram maior freqüência de tabagismo (Razão xx CAPÍTULO 1 de chances [RC]) 2,30; Intervalo de Confi ança [IC] 95% 1,03-5,15), de diabetes (RC 2,46; IC 95% 1,03-5,88), maiores níveis de colesterol total (p=0,035) e menor freqüência de PCRus elevado (p=0,04). Entre mulheres com depressão maior durante a vida foi observada renda familiar 30% menor (p=0,04), maior freqüência de diabetes (RC, 3,19; IC 95% 1,33-7,66), de tabagismo (RC 1,75; IC 95% 1,01-3,04), de LDL-colesterol elevado (RC 2,43; IC 95% 1,01- 5,87) e menor freqüência de PCRus elevado (p=0,005). Entre mulheres com transtornos de ansiedade, foram observados menores níveis de PCRus (p=0,03) e maior frequência de excesso de peso (RC 2,26; IC 95% 1,15-4,44). Entre homens com depressão maior foi observada menor frequência de circunferência abdominal alterada (p=0,01). Entre homens com transtornos de ansiedade, foi observado menor frequência de tabagismo (RC 0,36; IC 95% 0,13-0,99). CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com transtornos de humor e/ou ansiedade apresentam um perfi l diferenciado em relação ao risco cardiovascular quando comparados a indivíduos sem tais diagnósticos / BACKGROUND: Several studies suggested a possible association between mood and / or anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease. Th ere is also evidence that individuals with mood and / or anxiety disorders have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus and a poor lifestyle, with increased frequency of smoking and physical inactivity. Th is study aimed to evaluate the profi le of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with and without mood and / or anxiety disorders in the metropolitan region of the city of São Paulo. METHODS: Th e study enrolled 2,820 participants of the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, conducted in São Paulo municipality and 38 municipalities around. Individuals were invited to attend an evaluation in the Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, where they underwent a psychiatric evaluation using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders (SCID-1 NP), an anthropometric evaluation including weight, height and waist circumference, assessment of cardiovascular risk factors as blood pressure measurement, fasting blood glucose, lipid profi le, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), thyroid stimulating hormone; calculation of Framingham risk score and physical activity assessment by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed by group of psychiatric disorders (mood, anxiety and/or major depression) and gender. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test and continuous variables using ANOVA with Bonferroni´s post hoc test. We performed binary logistic regression expressed as odds ratios and 95% confi dence intervals. We used the statistical soft ware SPSS, version 16.0. RESULTS: Of the 2,820 individuals selected for the study, contact was made with 1,471 participants (1,471/2,820 = 52.2%) and among them a total of 780 (780/1471 = 53%) agreed to participate, but 8 were excluded by missing data in the protocol or needing immediate medical attention, leaving a total of 772 individuals for analysis. In this population we identifi ed 43.7% of anxiety disorders, 40.2% of mood disorders and 13.9% for substance use disorders. It was observed that women with lifetime diagnosis of mood disorder had higher rates of smoking (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, 95% confi dence interval [CI] 1.03 - 5.15 ), diabetes (OR 2,46, 95% CI 1.03 - 5.88), higher levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.035) and lower frequency of elevated hsCRP (p = 0.04). Among women with lifetime diagnosis of major depression was observed a 30% lower income (p = 0.04), a higher frequency of diabetes (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.33 - 7.66), of smoking (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.01 - 3.04), a higher frequency of elevated LDL-cholesterol (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.01 to 5.87) and lower frequency of elevated hsCRP (p = 0.005). Among women with lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorders were observed lower levels of hsCRP (p = 0.03) and higher frequency of being overweight or obese (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.44). Among men with lifetime diagnosis of major depression, we found a lower frequency of altered waist circunference (p=0,01). And among men with anxiety disorders, we observed a lower frequency of smoking (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-0.99). CONCLUSION: Individuals with mood and / or anxiety disorders have a diff erent cardiovascular risk profi le compared to individuals without such diagnoses