Produktionen av animalier har en stor negativ inverkan på miljön, ändå har konsumtionen av kött fortsatt att öka. Ett urval av karnister, vegetarianer och veganer i Malmö, Sverige, och Berlin, Tyskland, studerades via semi-strukturerade intervjuer och med Grounded Theory som en metodologisk bas för datainsamling, analys och tolkning. Den geografiska jämförelsen motiverades av vissa uppfattade skillnader och likheter mellan städerna och som ansågs kunna bidra till ett bredare perspektiv i studien. Genom att tillämpa olika teorier strävade vi i denna studie efter att identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar individens vilja och förmåga att minska den egna konsumtionen av animaliska produkter. Det konstaterades att normer, värderingar, kunskap, ekonomiska incitament, tillgänglighet och etiska aspekter var de mest inflytelserika faktorerna. / The production of animal products has a major negative impact on the environment. Still,the consumption of meat has been shown to continually increase. A selection of carnists,vegetarians and vegans in Malmö, Sweden, and Berlin, Germany, were studied with semistructured interviews and Grounded Theory was used as a methodological base for data collection, analysis and interpretation. The geographical comparison was motivated by some perceived differences and similarities, as it was believed to contribute to a broader perspective. By applying different theories, we aimed in this study to identify which factors that influence the willingness and ability of the individual to reduce the own consumption of animal products. It was found that norms, values, knowledge, economic incentives, availability and ethical aspects were the most influential factors.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luiz de Siqueira Martins Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, 2014.

This is a qualitative study of motivators for gaming. The method used was grounded theory and data was collected through internet surveys on gaming forums, followed by further questions through e-mails. The data was analysed with affinity diagrams categorized by content to identify patterns. The results show that, entertainment, interactivity, experience and escapism are the overall motivating factors, while the factors that motivate players to play a specific game are narrative, gameplay, social and aesthetics. Furthermore, it was possible to find indications of a relationship between these factors.

This master thesis concerns industrial workers’motivation and if it can be influenced by informationdissemination through an interactive interface. Focus hasbeen to research human motivators in theory to seehow these can be applied in an industrial environmentwith the hope of giving the workers a deeperknowledge of the company’s product and / or processand thus increasing her motivation. The project is basedon the assumption that an increased understanding intomore than what is limited by the worker’s tasks canhave a positive effect and strengthen his or her sense oftheir role in a wider context.The master thesis shows how a design process can beapplied to an organizational problem in industries,where the different phases of the process includeconcerned people repetitively to seek knowledge, ideasand solutions together with those who may be affectedby the results of the work.In industries today, the workload is usually distributedacross departments where staff are divided into teams.There is some circulation within the department but lesscommonly across departmental boundaries. This canlimit the worker’s perception of the entire process andresult in a detailed understanding of only a limited partof the process.Industry 4.0 is expected to be the solution for retrievingand retaining companies in Europe by building smartfactories with technology that allows the machines tocommunicate. Industry 4.0 is also expected to reduce thenumber who have work in industries, human interactionsand responsibilities. Which may have the negative effect offurther reinforcing one of today’s problems, the workerbeing further isolated from the process. Which are factorsthat, in theory, contribute to a reduced level of motivationand will therefore have a negative impact on their workaspirations.The work has been carried out with RISE Interactive inPiteå as client. RISE is part of our Swedish researchinstitute and works with user-centered technologicaldevelopment in many different industries.The degree project resulted in a large amount of ideas forhow work in industries could benefit from an interactiveinterface for disseminating information and knowledge.The final solution is presented in a stop motion movieshowing the solution that was chosen by industrialworkers. The solution shows how coloured lamps can beused to visualize progress-related information during thecourse of the work at the same time as it enables easycommunication between employees. / Detta examensarbete handlar om industriarbetaresmotivation kan påverkas av informationsspridning genomett interaktivt gränssnitt. Fokus i detta arbete har legat påatt undersöka mänskliga motivatorer i teorin för att sehur dessa kan appliceras i en industriell miljö medförhoppning om att ge arbetaren en djupare kunskap omföretagets produkt och/eller process och således ökadennes förståelse för det dagliga arbetet som bedrivs inomföretaget. Projektet bygger på ett antagande om att enökad insikt och insyn i mer än vad som begränsas avarbetarens arbetsuppgifter kan ha en positiv effekt ochförstärka dennes känsla för sin roll i ett störresammanhang och även ge en ökad motivation.Arbetet redovisar också hur en designprocess kanappliceras på ett organisatoriskt problem inom industrier,där de olika faserna i processen inkluderar berördamänniskor repetitivt för att söka kunskap, idéer ochlösningar tillsammans med dem som kan tänkas bliberörda av arbetets resultat.På industrier idag är det vanligt att arbetet är fördelat överavdelningar där personalen är indelad i olika team där detförekommer viss arbetscirkulation inom avdelning menmindre vanligt över avdelningsgränser. Detta kan limiteraarbetarens uppfattning för hela processen och resultera i endetaljerad förståelse endast för en begränsad del avprocessen.Industri 4.0 förväntas vara lösningen på att hämta hem ochbehålla företag i Europa genom att bygga smarta fabrikermed teknik som tillåter maskinerna att kommunicera.Industri 4.0 förväntas även att minska antalet som jobbatinom industrier, mänskliga interaktioner och ansvar. Vilketkan ha den negativa effekten att förstärka en av dagensproblem ytterligare, arbetaren blir ytterligare isolerad ifrånprocessen. Vilket är faktorer som enligt teorin bidrar till enminskad motivationsnivå och kommer därför ha en negativpåverkan på deras arbetsambitioner.Arbetet har genomförts med RISE Interactive i Piteå somuppdragsgivare. RISE är en del av vårt svenskaforskningsinstitut och jobbar med användarcentreradteknisk utveckling inom många olika branscher.Examensarbetet resulterade i en stor idémängd för hurarbetet inom industrier skulle kunna dra nytta av ettinteraktivt gränssnitt för att sprida information ochkunskap. Den slutliga lösningen är presenterad i enstopmotion film som visar den lösningen som blev framröstad av industriarbetare. Lösningen visar hur färgadelampor kan användas för att synliggöra progressrelateradinformation under arbetets gång samtligt som det möjliggörenkel kommunikation mellan medarbetarna.

Presented thesis tends to discover the issue of corporate culture in selected company. It is focused on concrete part of corporate culture, the motivation. It consists of theoretical resources, analysis of current state of incentives and is trying to suggest suitable changes and to create solution for operative usage. The result of this thesis is complex of incentives program for workers as a part of companys' effort for reach higher efficiency.

Discussion continues about requiring a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) as the minimum requirement for entry into registered nursing practice. A Magnet-® recognized hospital located in the Northeast United States is requiring all registered nurses without a BSN (n=284 or 28%) to obtain their BSN by 2022 as a condition for employment. The purpose of this project was to quantify the potential number and rationale of nurses who are not planning to return to school. The 2 practice focused questions are (a) What is the rationale for nurses who do not plan to pursue their BSN degree and (b) What is the potential cost to the organization due to projected gaps in the workforce by 2022. The theory of reasoned action was utilized as a model of decision making. A total of 29% of non-BSN nurses responded to a questionnaire, with 54.55% replying that they plan to obtain their BSN by 2022. The primary barriers for not planning to return for a BSN were a perceived lack of the degree's value and financial issues. More than 1/3 of those respondents not planning to obtain the BSN are planning to retire, which is consistent with national trends. An extrapolation of data showed the nursing turnover rate rising to 10.62% as 2022 approaches, significantly higher than the normal rate of 5.3%. The turnover rate may increase recruiting and orientation costs for the hospital facility over both the short and long term in a state where nearly 38% of graduates have either a diploma or an associate degree in nursing. The social change implication is a need for a re-examination of roles for various levels of registered nursing or a consensus on the BSN for nursing licensure.

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap kring hur lärare och elever reflekterar kring elevernas valfrihet i musikundervisningen.  Tidigare studier visar att elevers delaktighet i den generella undervisningen främjar deras motivation. Motivation kan delas in i inre och yttre motivation där den inre tenderar vara starkast i längden och främja individens välmående.  Data har insamlats genom fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med två lärare och två elever. Relevant material har kategoriserats och analyserats ur ett diskursanalytiskt perspektiv.  Resultatet visar att en musikelevs starkaste motivatorer är nöje och nytta. Att en elev får vara delaktig i valet av arbetsuppgifter, låtar att spela eller liknande, hänger ihop både med nöje och nytta, då elever tendera välja sådant som antingen är roligt eller nyttigt för dem. Om eleverna får välja alltför fritt så finns risken att de väljer olämpliga uppgifter, av till exempel musik av för hög svårighetsgrad, vilket påverkar utbildningens kvalitet negativt.  Detta forskningsresultat kan med fördel användas av lärare och elever för att närmare förstå och effektivare arbeta med att avväga mängden valfrihet för eleverna i musikämnet. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about what teachers and students say about students' freedom of choice in music education. Previous studies show that students' participation in general education promotes their motivation. Motivation can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, where the intrinsic tends to be strongest in the long run and promotes the individual's well-being. Data has been collected through four qualitative interviews with two teachers and two students. Relevant material has been categorized from and analyzed through a discourse analytical perspective. The result shows that a music student's strongest motivators are joy and benefit. The fact that a student is allowed to participate in the selection of tasks, songs to play or the like, is related to both joy and benefit, as students tend to choose things that are either fun or useful for them. However, too much freedom of choice may lead to students picking too difficult songs to play, which badly affects the education quality. This research result can be used by teachers and students to better understand and to work more effectively with balancing the amount of freedom of choice for the students in the music subject.

Bakgrund: Fotbollssupportrarna i Stockholm är kända för sin entusiasm, sitt engagemang och den emotionella anknytningen de har till sina klubbar.  Syfte: Studien syftar till att med utgångspunkt ur den kärlek och lojalitet som fotbollssupportrarna till AIK, Djurgården och Hammarby har, undersöka vilka faktorer som motiverar dem till att köpa säsongskort till lagens hemmamatcher i Allsvenskan. Baserat på teorierna Relationsmarknadsföring, The Commitment-Trust theory, Maslows Behovshierarki, social identitetsteori och konsumentlojalitet skapas ett fundament som ger möjlighet till olika synsätt och infallsvinklar för att undersöka de faktorer som motiverar ett köp av säsongskort.  Metod: Med utgångspunkt ur tidigare teorier har metodtriangulering genomförts i studien som är av tvärsnittsdesign. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide har tagits fram som legat till grund för studiens kvalitativa undersökning. En representant från vardera av de tre klubbarna intervjuades och spelades in. Genom att transkribera och koda intervjuerna kunde därigenom svaren härledas och kopplas ihop med teorierna. Med en fortsatt utgångspunkt ur teorierna utformades en enkät med stöd  ur svaren från intervjuerna där studien kompletterades med en kvantitativ del för att kunna ge en mer generaliserad bild av vad som motiverar fotbollssupportrar till säsongskortsköp.  Slutsats: Studien visar att känslan av samhörighet och tillhörighet är avgörande faktorer för säsongskortsköp. Fotbollssupportrar som känner en stark tillhörighet och kan identifiera sig med fotbollsklubben köper säsongskort för att de är en så stor del av deras liv och denna lojalitet får dem att till och med stötta klubben endast för stöttandet skull utan någon större egen vinning såsom att få gå på match. / Background: Football fans in Stockholm are famous for their enthusiasm, commitment and the emotional attachment they have to their clubs.  Purpose: The study aims to investigate what factors that motivate fans to buy season tickets to the clubs home games in Allsvenskan, the top division of Swedish football. With a starting point from Relationship marketing, The Commitment-Trust theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, Social identity Theory and Consumer loyalty a basis is founded for studying the motivating factors from different angles of approaches. By analyzing the theories and their view of the motivating factors towards buying season tickets, the goal is to reach an understanding of what motivates a purchase.  Method: With a starting point from previous theories the method used in the study is method triangulation. By one semi-structured interview guide which has been the basis for the qualitative investigation, a season ticket holder from each one of the three investigated football clubs has been interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. By coding the interviews they were analyzed and compared with the theories. Therefore a quantitative survey was handed out to give a more general picture of what factors that motivate football fans to purchase season tickets.  Conclusion: The study shows that the sense of affinity and belonging are determining factors towards a purchase of a season ticket. If football fans do feel a strong sense of belonging and can identify with the club they tend to be more likely to buy season tickets since it's such a big part of their lives and this loyalty tends to make them support the club just to support it without any significant gain like for example attending a match.

A sociological approach is used to analyze incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. Through an analysis of arguably the most widely publicized "rogue" trader events in recent history, a determination is made of the validity of explaining these events as aberrations, attributable to the actions of "rogues". The primary focus is the role of structural factors underlying these incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. A diverse range of documentary and other sources is used to avoid any form of bias as far as possible. It was found that structural factors act as countervailing forces to inhibit such behavior or as motivators and facilitators acting as catalysts for extreme opportunism. The balance between these factors largely determines the level of opportunistic behavior in a particular environment. Extreme opportunism is therefore not an aberration or "rogue" occurrence but a manageable phenomenon intrinsic to the social structural context within which it occurs. By conceptualizing these factors as countervailing forces one is forced to view structural factors, like compensation structures and formal and informal restraints, relative to one another and no longer in isolation. This realization translates into the conclusion that restraints and oversight systems for example, should be designed relative to the relevant motivators and facilitators in its area of application. In an environment where traders of highly geared financial products are motivated with multimillion USD incentive packages, a low budget oversight system and inexperienced regulatory staff, is clearly not the appropriate tools to control and manage extreme opportunism. / Criminology / D.Phil. (Sociology)

Online grocery retailing holds potentially fruitful outcomes for retailers in South Africa. However, South African retailers and consumers have been slow to adopt and participate in this form of grocery retailing. This study explores the barriers and motivators to online grocery shopping in South Africa from a supply chain perspective. Therefore, the study was done from both the customer and the retailer’s perspective. Three qualitative data collection methods were employed to collect the data. Firstly, a website analysis of four e-grocers was conducted and compared. Secondly, two focus group discussions were conducted – among consumers who use online grocery shopping, and those who do not. Thirdly, an in-depth interview was conducted with one of the online operations managers of an e-grocer in South Africa. The results revealed four different ‘sets’ of motivators or barriers to online grocery shopping in South Africa: consumer-specific, retailer-specific, website-specific and supply chain-specific. Results from this study could be used to shed some light on how to overcome the hurdles of becoming a multi-channel grocery retailer in South Africa. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)