Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-29T15:09:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrobelchior.pdf: 465178 bytes, checksum: 997aa94857f2f7478cb38dc9980463d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T19:48:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrobelchior.pdf: 465178 bytes, checksum: 997aa94857f2f7478cb38dc9980463d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T19:48:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrobelchior.pdf: 465178 bytes, checksum: 997aa94857f2f7478cb38dc9980463d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As soluções de energia mínima são definidas como as soluções que indicam valor ínfimo para imagem do funcional energia associado a uma classe de problemas variacionais não lineares -Δu = g(u) u ∈ H1(RN). O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que através das soluções de energia mínima da equação não linear acima, o valor do passo da Montanha sem a condição de Palais Smaile é um ponto crítico. Para isto provaremos que sob certas hipóteses para a função g e sob um vínculo é possível obter uma solução positiva para o problema acima, esfericamente simétrica e decrescente com o raio. Em seguida mostra-se que a solução sujeita a esse vínculo é a que possui o menor valor no funcional energia dentre todas as soluções do problema acima aplicadas no mesmo funcional. Neste contexto, garante-se a existência de pelo menos uma solução de energia mínima. Os resultados citados foram estudados em [2] e [1]. / The least energy solutions are defined as solutions that indicate infimum value to the energy functional image associated with a class of nonlinear variational problems -Δu = g(u) u ∈ H1(RN). The objective of this work is to show that through least energy solutions of nonlinear equation above, the Mountain pass value without the Palais Smale condition is critical point. For this, we will prove that under certain hypotheses on the function g and under a constraint assumption is possible to obtain a positive solution for the above problem, spherically symmetric and decreasing with the radius. Then the solution of the problem subject to this constraint has the lowest value in the energy functional among all solutions of the above problem applied in the same functional. In this context, it guarantee the existence of at least one solution of the least energy. The above results were obtained in [2] and [1].

This dissertation describes the development of CAMBIUM, an agent-based forest sector model for large-scale strategic analysis. This model is designed as a decision support tool for assessing the effect that changes in forest product demand and resource inventories can have on the structure and economic viability of the forest sector. CAMBIUM complements existing forest sector models by modeling aggregate product supply as an emergent property of individual companies’ production decisions and stand-level ecological processes. Modeling the forest products sector as a group of interacting autonomous agents makes it possible to introduce production capacity dynamics and the potential for mill insolvencies as factors in modeling the effects of market and forest inventory based disturbances. This thesis contains four main manuscripts. In the first manuscript I develop and test a dispersal algorithm that projects aggregated forest inventory information onto a lattice grid. This method can be used to generate ecologically and statistically consistent datasets where high-quality spatial inventory data is otherwise unavailable. The second manuscript utilizes this dataset in developing a provincial-level resource dynamics model for assessing the timber supply effects of introducing weevil-resistant spruce. This model employs a stand-level approach to simulating weevil infestation and associated merchantable volume losses. Provincial-level impacts are determined by simulating harvest activities over a 350 year time horizon. In the third manuscript I shift the focus to interactions between forest companies. I analyze the effects of strategic decisions on sector structure by developing CAMBIUM as an agent-based model of competition and industry structure evolution. The forest sector is modeled as a group of autonomous, interacting agents that evolve and compete within the limitations posed by resource inventories and product demand. In the final manuscript I calibrate CAMBIUM to current conditions in the British Columbia forest sector. Industry agents compete for roundwood inputs, as well as for profits in finished product markets for pulp, panel products, and lumber. To test the relevance and utility of this model, CAMBIUM is used to quantify the cumulative impacts of a market downturn for forest products and mountain pine beetle induced timber supply fluctuations on the structure of the forest sector. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Poems to the Sea: Rather than narrating or describing a work of visual art, the poems that form this collection show an accumulation, juxtaposition and realignment of material ranging from art historical detail and critique to a more personal, location specific response to works viewed in galleries and museums. Many of the poems engage with non-representational artworks and question how best to reflect, translate or expand upon their transformative effects. The first section, ‘Museum Notes’, explores Charles Olson’s open field poetics by giving artists and writers a conversational voice. ‘Sound Fields’, the second section, responds to individual works of art and reflects a systems-based approach. The authorial voice within ‘Poems to the Sea’, the third section, is that of an artist involved in making a series of palimpsest drawings to capture a sense of place as drawing and writing overlaps and intertwines. Painterly Poetics: Charles Olson, Robert Creeley, Cole Swensen: This thesis explores three American poets from successive generations to examine three related types of engagement with visual art. As literary models that have informed my own poetic practice, Charles Olson, Robert Creeley and Cole Swensen have theorized their own writing process to consider ways of using language to enhance the transmission and transcription of their visual stimuli and ideas. All three are interested in visual art as a model for the writing process: as a means of seeing, thinking and perceiving. After an introduction that surveys relations between verbal and visual art, a chapter is devoted to each of the three poets. In the opening and longest chapter, examples of Olson’s writing are compared to the approach of several Abstract Expressionist painters who contributed to the culture of experimentation and spontaneity that emerged under Olson’s leadership at Black Mountain College in the early 1950s. Following a discussion of Olson as a uniquely influential figure, the chapter on Creeley considers the role of visual art in his poetics. Swensen’s writing is subsequently explored for its extension of the Black Mountain legacy: how she builds upon established critical methods to achieve what she calls ‘a side-by-side, walking-along-with’ relationship between the poem and the artwork.

De svenska fjällen skyddas i dagsläget av miljömålet Storslagen fjällmiljö, ett mål som ämnar bevara fjällens ursprunglighet och därmed skydda dem mot ingrepp. Den svenska regeringen har även inrättat 13 områden klassade som obruten fjällmiljö, områden vars natur- och kulturvärden ska värnas om och som, i så stor utsträckning som möjligt, ska hållas orörda. Båda dessa skyddsformer hotas nu av de planer som finns på att bygga ut vindkraften i landet. I denna studie undersöks den visuella påverkan som finns från dagens vindkraftverk samt den ökade visuella påverkan som genom fattade beslut är på väg. Metoden för studien är en rumslig GIS-analys som undersöker hur stora områden som vindkraften påverkar visuellt. Detta kopplas sedan till studier kring platskänsla, platsidentitet och vindkraftens konflikt med landskapet. Studien har visat att vindkraftverken i de svenska fjällen har en signifikant visuell påverkan på de obrutna fjällen och att miljömålet Storslagen fjällmiljö i dagsläget inte ser ut att uppnås. Dock måste nämnas att hur den framtida förändringen av landskapsbilden i de svenska fjällen kommer att uppfattas till stor grad beror på varje individs koppling till landskapet som förändras. / In the Swedish mountains the government has established 13 areas, covering around 10 % of the country, as areas of undisturbed mountain regions. These areas are to be protected against activities threatening environmental and cultural values. There is also an environmental goal aiming to maintain the originality of the Swedish mountains called Storslagen fjällmiljö, in translation: A magnificent mountain landscape. These two factors are being threatened by the future plans of increasing the number of wind turbines in these areas. In this study the visual effects of the existing and not yet existing wind turbines are being examined by performing a GIS-analysis. This is analyzed based on place sensitivity and people’s relation to their surrounding landscape. The study has shown that wind turbines have a significant visual impact on the undisturbed mountain regions and that the environmental goal aiming to keep the originality of the mountains does not reach its target. However, it must be pointed out that this future change in the scenic landscape of the Swedish mountains also can be seen as something good, this depending strongly on your relationship with the landscape.

Depuis le milieu des années 2000, le champ lexical du discours public de défense et de légitimation du pastoralisme pyrénéen s’est enrichi de notions « empruntées » aux sciences économiques et aux arènes de discussion internationales. Le pastoralisme est depuis lors qualifié de producteur « d’externalités » par certains agents de développement pastoral et représentants de la profession agricole. Le cœur de ce travail de recherche-action est d’interroger l’irruption de ce nouveau paradigme à une échelle locale, en analysant la manière dont les usagers de l’espace montagnard eux-mêmes appréhendent les effets multiples du pastoralisme sur leurs espaces de pratiques. Malgré son utilité potentielle pour la justification d’une action publique dirigée spécifiquement vers l’activité pastorale, l’utilisation de la notion d’externalités en tant que catégorie analytique ne permet pas d’appréhender la réalité des rapports entre la multiplicité d’acteurs investis dans l’utilisation et dans la gouvernance des estives pyrénéennes. En revanche, le recours à une approche relationnelle des effets du pastoralisme permet de reconnecter ces phénomènes à leur contexte spatial, social et temporel d’émergence, mais aussi de faire apparaître la place des acteurs et des organisations locales dans la régulation de la coprésence et des nouvelles proximités. A l’échelle locale, l’étude des effets multiples du pastoralisme renvoie ainsi aux thématiques du multi-usage de l’espace montagnard et à l’action collective des acteurs divers impliqués dans sa gestion et dans son utilisation. La capitalisation et l’interprétation des modalités de gestion collective innovantes des estives ainsi que le transfert des connaissances fondamentales et méthodologiques peuvent alors inciter les acteurs du développement à une prise en compte plus intégrée de l’élargissement et de la complexification de l’espace social constitué par les estives pyrénéennes. / Since the early 2000’s, the political discourse about defense and legitimization of pastoralism has contained economical terms. Some agriculture representatives and development agents qualify pastoralism as an « externalities producer ». This action-research aims at questioning the appearance of this new paradigm on the local scale by studying the manner by which mountain space users themselves consider the multiple effects of pastoralism on their spaces and practices. Despite their potential utility to justify a specific public action directed to pastoral activity, “externalities” used as an analytical category don’t allow to understand the links between the multiple stakeholders invested in pastures utilization and governance. On the other hand, relational approach of pastoralism multiple effects enables to reconnect these phenomena to their spatial, social and temporal context of emergence. This theoretical approach also reveals the position of local stakeholders and organizations in the proximity regulation. Studying pastoralism multiple effects on the local scale refers to multiple-use of mountain areas and to collective action of those who use and manage Pyrenean pastures. Capitalization and interpretation of innovative forms of governance, but also transfer of scientific and methodological knowledge can lead development agents to a better consideration of the enlargement and the complexification of the social space constituted by Pyrenean pastures.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Research findings in current study provide a new insight into the fractured rock aquifers in the TMG area. Some of the results will have wide implications on the groundwater management and forms a solid basis the further study of the TMG aquifers.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Research findings in current study provide a new insight into the fractured rock aquifers in the TMG area. Some of the results will have wide implications on the groundwater management and forms a solid basis the further study of the TMG aquifers.

The thesis deals with the issue of sustainable tourism development in protected landscape area of the Iron Mountains. The main objective is to evaluate the current status and potential of the region on issues of sustainable tourism development, sustainable forms of tourism and evaluate conservation in the PLA Iron Mountain. The theoretical part is devoted to sustainable development, sustainable development of tourism and the area of the Iron Mountains. The practical part is to map the nature and landscape protection in the PLA Iron Mountain with regard to small-scale protected areas and analyze friendly forms of tourism. Followed by evaluation of the awareness of sustainable development of the territory by questionnaire from the perspective of local public administration in tourism, residents PLA and business owners. Last theoretical part is the SWOT analysis and recommendations for the future.

Due to their widespread and specious nature, small mammals are ideal for biogeographical studies. Small mammals also effectively connect various trophic levels by being both consumers and prey items for other animals. The Great Escarpment is the dominant mountain landscape in South Africa. Yet, very little small mammal research has been conducted on the Great Escarpment outside of the Main Drakensberg Mountains. This is surprising given the importance of mountains in shaping regional ecology. In this study, I assessed the diversity and community composition of small mammals at three high altitude (>1700m) sites within the Sneeuberg Mountain Complex (SMC) from June 2009 to May 2010. I also tested the effectiveness of five different bait types for measuring small mammal diversity (i.e. number of individuals caught, species richness, Shannon diversity index and Simpson index of diversity). Out of a total of 423 captures, 292 individuals of 12 small mammal species (one shrew, one elephant shrew and 10 rodents) were recorded over 5280 trap nights. The species richness and diversity of small mammals captured at the three sites were similar and this homogeneity was probably related to the regional processes (e.g. climate and latitude) that govern species richness and diversity. The most effective bait type in terms of capture success, species richness and diversity measurements was peanut butter and oats. In addition, the use of richness estimators revealed that peanut butter and oats was the most effective bait for sampling the species richness of small mammals. The effectiveness of peanut butter and oats was related to this bait having a more attractive scent, when compared to the other bait types. Future studies should focus on researching the range of local and regional processes that drive small mammal diversity at high altitudes in South Africa. I also recommend the use of more than one bait type when planning to survey small mammal communities.

The aim of the thesis is to explain main aspects of the development and elaboration of a real project of mountain apartments on the level of a feasibility study. The thesis is divided up into two parts. Theoretical part describes individual stages of the development, involved entities and the procedure of obtaining building permit, which is all necessary for the implementation of the project. The emphasis is laid on funding, namely financial resources and tax optimalization. The second part deals with the develoment project itsef, which is the construction of weekend apartments in the mountains. The project aims at finding the right use of a specific piece of land, the concept of construction and its funding. Further on the thesis contains sensibility analysis, market and competion analysis and SWOT analysis and identification of main risks including their solution and possible preventive measures. The final part of the thesis focuses on evaluation of this project and its comparison with several competitive projects.