Cette thèse s'intéresse aux processus de patrimonialisation de la montagne observés dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de la politique "Grand site" dans le massif du Canigou (Pyrénées-Orientales). Nous analysons le rapport entre les logiques de développement et les logiques de protection des politiques de la montagne et d'aménagement du territoire en France pour mettre à jour l'émergence d'un "ordre patrimonial ". Nous montrons ainsi que l'action publique se saisit du patrimonial à travers une multitude de procédures, de dispositifs et de projets de natures différentes qui sont mis en cohérence par la patrimonialisation. Ce raisonnement est réalisé dans le cadre d'une approche que nous avons qualifié d'ethnogéographique. celle-ci nous permet d'approfondir l'analyse des ressorts, des supports et des figures de la patrimonialisation du Grand site Canigo. / This thesis focuses on the heritage process of mountains in the context of the implementation of the policy "Grand site" in the Canigou (Eastern Pyrenees). We analyse the relationship between development strategies and protection policies of the mountain in France to update the emergence of a "patrimonial ordre". We show that policy takes hold of heritage through a variety of procedures, devices and projects of different nature that are made consistent with the heritage value. This research is conducted as part of an approach we have termed "ethnogeographic". This allows us to further analyze the base, supports and figures of the heritage value of the Grand site Canigo.

Le Laos est un pays montagneux qui présente une population multiethnique. Traditionnellement, il existe de fortes discontinuités spatiales entre populations de plaine et de montagne. Les Akha, groupe d’essarteurs de montagne, illustrent alors la différence entre une culture spatiale intimement liée à la composante montagnarde, et celle de la population majoritaire lao-thaï, établie dans des paysages rizicoles de plaine. La territorialité des ces deux groupes s’inscrit alors dans deux configurations spatiales particulières, deux territoires identitaires, qui entretenaient jusqu’ici peu de rapports. Ces deux territoires identitaires ont des fonctionnements distincts : celui des Akha est fluide, reproductible, il est un territoire-milieu ; tandis que celui des Lao-thaï est relativement fixe, plus classiquement attaché aux lieux. Aujourd’hui, ces deux territoires identitaires se trouvent dans le territoire national d’un Etat moderne qui essaye toujours de se construire, sur le modèle de l’Etat-nation. Alors que les Lao-thaï, qui exercent le pouvoir dans un régime communiste, n’avaient que peu porté d’intérêt aux espaces montagnards et à leurs populations, le contexte régional et mondial leur fait porter un regard nouveau sur cette montagne. Les défis du développement engendrent des réponses politiques qui touchent particulièrement les territoires identitaires de montagne. D’un côté, les populations montagnardes sont déplacées en plaine afin de leur offrir un accès plus facile au marché et aux structures étatiques, et de l’autre, les espaces montagnards sont de plus en plus exploités pour leurs ressources. La création d’une nation semble être à ce prix. / Laos is a mountainous country with a multiethnic population. Traditionally, there are well-defined spatial discontinuities between those living on the plains and those living in the mountains. The Akha, a group that practices slash’ and burn techniques, illustrates the difference between a spatial culture intimately linked to their mountain roots, and that of the majority Lao-Thai, established in the rice paddies of the plains. The territoriality of these two groups is revealed by two particular spatial configurations, two territorial identities, which have little in common. The identities associated with these two territories have distinct functions: that of the Akha is fluid, reproducible, it is a territory – milieu; while that of the Lao-Thai is relatively fixed, classically attached to places. Today, the identities associated with these territories are part of a modern State, which is trying to build itself along the model of the nation-state. At the same time, the Lao-Thai, who hold the power in the communist regime, have barely considered the mountain regions. The challenges of development give rise to political answers that affect particularly the territorial identities of the mountain people. On one hand, the mountain populations are moved in order to offer easier access to markets and state structures, and on the other hand, the mountain spaces are increasingly exploited for their resources. The creation of a nation seems to be at this developmental price.

During last decade there has been developed concept of so-called ecosystem services (e.g. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) in matured countries. This concept focus especially on identification of benefits resulting from intact ecosystem and also on various ways of taking all those benefits into account when dealing with decision-making process of market economy. Goal of this concept (among other things) is to keep currently freely available ecosystem services in nature as they are and also to ensure natural conditions for life won't be becoming worse. Landscape of eastern Ore Mountain has its specific character especially because of few unique ecosystems which don't occur in other locations at all; or they are presented there but not in such high volume. We can consider mountain meadows, natural streams and clearance cairns at the most important local unique ecosystems. Main goal of diploma thesis is to analyze recreational and mainly aesthetic values of clearance cairns. Even though clearance cairns are important biotopes there was quite small attention dedicated to them in existing analyses made in Czech Republic. That is in heavy contrast to attention dedicated to those biotopes in other areas, e.g. in eastern part of Ore Mountain belonging to Saxony where local inhabitants appreciate clearance cairns so much that every single section of them is completely documented (resulting into 1.000 kilometers of documented clearance cairns). Diploma thesis is based on methodology using analysis of primary data obtained from empirical research. Research was realized in eastern Ore Mountain during summer 2013 and author of this thesis was actively participated both in preparation phase and also in realization phase. Thesis also uses random utility theory, discrete choice models and also stated preferences methods (e.g. Bateman et al., 2002). Multinominal logit model and random parameter logic model are used for values estimation. Based on performed analysis thesis verifies or disproves hypothesis saying that willingness to pay for clearance cairns is statistically insignificant (i.e. people don't consider this landscape element as having significant value). Diploma thesis results will be used as a suggestion for obtaining clearance cairns management.

The diploma thesis focuses on recreational cycling because it is regarded as one of possibilities how to strengthen tourism in the region of North-East Bohemia. In the theoretical part there are presented basic terms and definitions connected with the recreational cycling, also there are mentioned legislative foundations. Then, the diploma thesis presents selected institutional documents, which prove the importance of the recreational cycling. Also there are included basic facts about important organizations concerning recreational cycling and about the region of North-East Bohemia itself. The practical part focuses on existing cycling and complementary infrastructure of the region. The last chapter analyses the infrastructure and especially it provides suggestions and possible projects that would support further development of recreational cycling in the region of North-East Bohemia.

Frio e neve no Brasil todos os anos mobilizam um grande número de pessoas com os anúncios das previsões do tempo. Em São Joaquim e em outras cidades na região serrana de Santa Catarina, nas duas últimas décadas, o afluxo de pessoas durante os dias em que se esperam tais fenômenos climáticos mantém ativos aqueles que dedicam suas vidas ou parte delas a fazer o turismo. Associações, eventos, políticas, negócios e manifestos são feitas tendo como parte, meio ou fim fortalecer, desenvolver e aproveitar o turismo. Nessa tese apresento uma descrição acompanhada de análise, com base em etnografia realizada entre os anos de 2010 e 2013 com membros de associações como a Associação Pró Turismo de São Joaquim e o Serra Catarinense Convention & Visitors Bureau e a Associação Catarinense dos Produtores de Vinhos Finos de Altitude, órgãos de Estado como Secretarias de Estado e Município, e moradores locais em geral, de alguns desses eventos (acontecimentos relacionados a ocorrência de neve, festivais de inverno e de primavera), de políticas (a política de regionalização do turismo do Ministério do Turismo e as articulações locais em torno dela), de negócios (as possibilidades de parcerias com operadoras de turismos e empresas de eventos) e manifestos (declarações a respeitos dos problemas regionais). A etnografia compreendeu desde a convivência com as pessoas relacionadas a estas associações e órgãos de Estado, bem como a pessoas sem vínculos formais com quem tive contato, no primeiro caso em reuniões, eventos e em seus locais de trabalho e, no segundo caso, em locais que frequentei como hóspede, cliente, visitante ou curioso, até a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a consulta de documentos produzidos por eles, sobretudo, em portais na internet. Como resultado, destaco duas categorias que são chave para entender o que se passa com essas pessoas em São Joaquim e região e durante e após os dias frios. A primeira é a de potencial turístico, que está nas pessoas que acreditam e se põem a trabalhar e investir tempo e dinheiro no turismo como uma possibilidade para o futuro da economia regional. E, a segunda, a de “destino turístico”, que inspira tanto as iniciativas dessas pessoas, como políticas de Estado (os “destinos indutores” da política de regionalização do turismo, p. ex.) e negócios de operadoras de turismo e empresas de eventos a delimitar um local (Serra Catarinense ou São Joaquim, p. ex.) como foco de seus esforços. Tais categorias, dentre outras, são abordadas ao longo dos capítulos, em uma discussão sobre como a busca pelo frio acontece de diferentes maneiras, bem como se torna objeto de distintas intervenções. / Every year, cold weather and snow in Brazil mobilize a large number of people because of the weather forecasts advertisements. In the last two decades, at São Joaquim and other towns in the mountain region of Santa Catarina, the influx of people during the days that are expected such climatic phenomena keeps active those who dedicate their lives or part of them to arrange the tourism. Associations, events, politics, businesses and manifestos are designed as parts, means or ends to strengthen, to develop and to take profit out of the tourism. In this thesis, I present a description accompanied by analysis, based on an ethnography conducted among the years 2010 and 2013 with members of associations. These include the Associação Pró Turismo de São Joaquim, the Serra Catarinense Convention & Visitors Bureau and the Associação Catarinense dos Produtores de Vinhos Finos de Altitude; as well as state and municipality agencies and local residents in general. The research was also conducted in some of these events (related to occurrence of snow, winter and spring festivals), in the making of policies (the policy of regionalization of tourism from the Tourism Ministry and local articulations around it), in the conduction of businesses (opportunities for partnerships with tourism operators and events companies) and in the statement of manifestos (declarations with respect to regional problems). The ethnography included living with people related to these associations and state agencies, as well as people with no formal links with whom I had contact. In the first case, I met them in meetings, events, in their workplaces; and in the second case, in places I had frequented as a guest, a customer, a visitor or a curious citizen. Semi-structured interviews and the query of documents produced by them, especially on Internet websites, were also part of the ethnography. As a result, I highlight two categories that are key to understand what is going on with these people in São Joaquim region during and after the cold days. The first is touristic potential, which is in people who believe and put themselves to work, investing time and money in tourism as a possibility for the future of the regional economy. The second is the "touristic destination", which inspires initiatives as the state policies (e.g. the "destinos indutores" regionalization of tourism policy) and the businesses of tourism operators and event companies to define a local (e.g. Serra Catarinense and São Joaquim) as the focus of their efforts. These categories, among others, are discussed throughout the chapters, in an analysis about how the quest for cold happens in different ways, as well as it becomes the object of different interventions.

Orientador: Carlos Alfredo Joly / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T15:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Padgurschi_MairadeCamposGorgulho_D.pdf: 2203233 bytes, checksum: 061495425cb80606c109e3a4acbfa7a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os sistemas tropicais megadiversos são alvo de estudos ecológicos que tentam explicar os padrões de diversidade, densidade e distribuição espacial das espécies. O padrão espacial representa a síntese dos processos ecológicos que atuam em diferentes escalas, e as teorias neutra, de nicho e da dependência negativa de densidade (NDD) buscam predizer tal padrão das espécies, que pode ser agregado, regular ou aleatório. Essas teorias estão bem descritas para as árvores, mas negligenciam outras formas de vida como os bambus. Características da sua história de vida, como a floração monocárpica e o rizoma bem desenvolvido, podem agir na determinação do padrão espacial dos bambus. As densas moitas dão origem a centenas de sementes que, sem adorno para dispersão, caem próximas aos parentais e germinam rapidamente. A germinação pode ser favorecida pela entrada de luz nas clareiras abertas pela morte parental após a reprodução (monocárpica), resultando em alta densidade local de coespecíficos, que pode ser influenciada pela NDD. O objetivo da tese foi avaliar a distribuição espacial local de espécies nativas de bambu e propor um modelo para a dinâmica do grupo neotropical. Foram utilizadas três espécies endêmicas da Mata Atlântica classificadas de acordo com seu tamanho (em 1, 2, 3) relativo ao último evento reprodutivo local da respectiva espécie. Assim, a espécie cujo evento reprodutivo é o mais recente apresenta o menor tamanho (1). Quando foi possível obter dados das sementes, estas foram representadas pelo número zero. Foram registrados os dados da posição espacial da parcela, densidade de indivíduos e variáveis ambientais para todas as classes de tamanho. A Análise Espacial baseada em Índices de Distância (SADIE) foi utilizada para analisar o padrão espacial individual de cada tamanho e as covariações espaciais entre os diferentes tamanhos. A ferramenta SEVM foi utilizada na determinação dos modelos. A associação espacial entre os tamanhos 1 e 3 e a agregação dos indivíduos de tamanho 0 indicam que a limitação por dispersão pode determinar o recrutamento inicial. Por outro lado, a ausência de estrutura espacial nos demais tamanhos e a dissociação espacial entre o tamanho 0 e 2 indicam que a NDD é importante na determinação da distribuição espacial dos bambus nas maiores classes de tamanho. Contudo, independentemente do tamanho, todas as populações ocorrem associadas às variáveis ambientais, embora tais variáveis sejam distintas entre os tamanhos. Isto pode indicar uma mudança de preferência de habitat ao longo das fases de desenvolvimento, como já registrado para diferentes espécies arbóreas tropicais. A distribuição espacial dos bambus na Mata Atlântica é influenciada pela limitação de dispersão das sementes e mecanismos NDD que agem de maneira a reforçar as associações das espécies com o habitat / Abstract: The mega-diverse tropical systems are the subject of ecological studies that attempt to explain the patterns of diversity, density and spatial distribution of species. The spatial pattern represents the synthesis of ecological processes operating at different scales. The neutral, niche and negative density dependence (NDD) theories seek to predict such a pattern of the species, which can be aggregated, regular or random. These theories are well tested for the trees, but neglect other forms of life such as bamboos. Characteristics of its life history, as the monocarpic flowering and well developed rhizome, may act in determining the spatial pattern of bamboo. The dense clumps give rise to hundreds of seeds that fall close to the parent, because they have no adornment for dispersion, and germinate quickly. Germination may be favoured by light entering the gaps, which was opened by parental death after reproductive event (monocarpic plants). This might lead to a high local density of conspecifics, which can be influenced by the NDD. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the local spatial distribution of native bamboo species and propose a model for the dynamics of the Neotropical group. Three endemic species of the Atlantic Forest were studied and classified according to their size (1, 2, 3) and based on the last local reproductive event of the respective species. Thus, the species whose reproductive event is the latest shows the smaller size (1). When available, the seeds (represented by zero) were also recorded. The data of the spatial position of the plot, density of individuals and environmental variables for all size classes were recorded. The Spatial Analysis Based on Distance Indices (SADIE) was used to analyse the spatial pattern of each individual size and the spatial covariance between the different sizes. The SEVM tool was also used to determine the models. The spatial positive covariance between the sizes 1 and 3 and the aggregation of the size 0 indicates that limited seed dispersion may determine the initial recruitment. On the other hand, the NDD importance in determining the spatial distribution of bamboos in larger size classes is indicated by the absence of the spatial structure in the other sizes and the spatial decoupling of the size 0 and 2. However, regardless of size, all populations occur associated with environmental variables, although these variables are distinct between the sizes. This suggests a change in habitat preference over development phases, as recorded from different tropical tree species. The spatial distribution of bamboos in the Atlantic Forest is influenced by the limitation of seed dispersal and NDD mechanisms, which act in order to strengthen the associations of species habitat / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutora em Biologia Vegetal

Esta tese compreende estudos filogenéticos e taxonômicos em Syngonanthus e em Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae). O capítulo I apresenta hipóteses filogenéticas, testando a monofilia dos gêneros, de suas seções e subgêneros, bem como suas relações com os demais gêneros de Paepalanthoideae. A partir dos resultados, as sinapomorfias morfológicas e as implicações taxonômicas e biogeográficas são avaliadas. 62 espécies foram incluídas no grupo interno e 15 no grupo externo. Os resultados mostram que Syngonanthus e Comanthera são ambos monofiléticos e irmãos, formando um clado irmão de Leiothrix. Comanthera subg. Comanthera e C. subg. Thysanocephalus também são monofiléticos e irmãos, entretanto Syngonanthus sect. Carphocephalus emerge polifilética, no interior de uma parafilética S. sect. Syngonanthus. O capítulo II revisa a taxonomia das 15 espécies anteriormente aceitas em Comanthera subg. Thysanocephalus, reconhecendo 9 espécies. Elevamos 1 variedade ao nível de espécie e descrevemos 1 nova espécie, propomos 18 novos sinônimos, efetuamos 3 lectotipificações e excluímos 4 táxons do subgênero. São apresentadas descrições do gênero, do subgênero e das espécies, chave de identificação, ilustrações e fotos, mapas de distribuição, listagem completa do material examinado, além de comentários diagnósticos, ecológicos e taxonômicos. O capítulo III apresenta uma sinopse de Syngonanthus, com lista completa de espécies e sinônimos. Excluímos 4 táxons do gênero, elevamos 7 variedades ao nível de espécie e propomos 1 combinação nova a nível de variedade. Propomos 75 novos sinônimos e efetuamos 42 lectotipificações. Finalmente, 106 espécies, 2 sub-espécies e 9 variedades são aqui aceitas, incluindo 176 sinônimos heterotípicos. Para cada espécie, apresentamos uma breve descrição da distribuição geográfica, além de caracterização morfológica e comentários taxonômicos / The present thesis concerns phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in Syngonanthus and Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae). Phylogenetic hypotheses are presented in Chapter I. The monophyly of both genera, their subgenera and sections are tested, and the relationships of Syngonanthus and Comanthera to the other genera in the Paepalanthoideae are evaluated. In light of a resolved phylogeny, we then discuss their taxonomy and supporting synapomorphies as well as the biogeographical implications. We included 62 species belonging to the ingroup and 15 belonging to the outgroup. Results show that Syngonanthus and Comanthera are both monophyletic and are sister groups, together forming a clade sister to Leiothrix. Comanthera subg. Comanthera and C. subg. Thysanocephalus are also monophyletic and sister. However, Syngonanthus sect. Carphocephalus emerges as polyphyletic, embedded within a paraphyletic S. sect. Syngonanthus. Chapter II is a taxonomic revision of Comanthera subg. Thysanocephalus. Nine species are recognized, a decrease from the 15 previously accepted. One variety is elevated at species status, 1 new species is described, 18 new synonyms are proposed, 3 lectotypes are designated and 4 taxa are excluded from the subgenus. Descriptions of the genus, subgenus and species were provided as well as an identification key, illustrations and photos, distribution maps, a complete list of examined material, and comments on diagnosis, ecology and taxonomy for each species. Chapter III consists of a synopsis of Syngonanthus, with a complete list of species and synonyms. Four taxa are excluded from the genus, 7 varieties are raised to species status, and 1 new combination is proposed. In addition, 42 lectotypes are designated and 75 new synonyms are proposed. In total, 106 species, 2 subspecies and 9 varieties are here accepted, including 176 heterotypic synonyms. We provide geographical, diagnostic and taxonomic comments for each species

No description available.

The Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation preserves several vertebrate faunas and has the potential of providing critical timing information pertaining to Early Cretaceous dinosaurs and the Sierran magmatic arc. Historically, the Morrison/Cedar Mountain contact and the duration of the unconformity between them have been difficult or impossible to determine because 1) the formations were deposited in similar environments, 2) the basal Cedar Mountain Formation is composed of reworked Morrison Formation, and 3) there are no radiometric ages for the lower Cedar Mountain Formation. A stratigraphic study through central Utah reveals a diagnostic suite of pedogenic and sedimentologic characters across the previously enigmatic boundary. The uppermost Morrison Formation is characterized by redoximorphic paleosol features, including iron concentrations, manganese-coated grains, and intense red-purple-green mottling. Upsection increases in chert-pebble lags and channelized conglomerates within the paleosol section indicate a period of reduced accommodation space in the Tithonian. The paleosols are usually capped by a groundwater or pedogenic carbonate. This unit is consistently present from Green River, Utah to the Utah-Colorado border. The lower Cedar Mountain Formation above this package is a poorly sorted mixture of fine-grained material and sand-gravel sized chert grains. Within a sequence stratigraphic framework, these characters record a terrestrial sequence boundary in the uppermost Morrison Formation and degradational-aggradational systems tracts in the Cedar Mountain Formation. To resolve the lack of age control for the basal Cedar Mountain Formation, a geochronologic zircon study was conducted near the Dalton Wells dinosaur quarry, Moab, Utah. The Dalton Wells quarry, along with numerous other fossil assemblages occurs in the basal Yellowcat Member. Zircons from the Dalton Wells quarry and a correlative eggshell site place the age of this horizon near the Barremian/Aptian boundary at ~124 Ma. Thus, the Yellowcat fauna is time equivalent with the feathered dinosaurs of the Yixian Formation, of Liaoning, China. This age constrains the Morrison/Cedar Mountain unconformity to a period of magmatic quiescence in western North America from 148 Ma-124 Ma. The basal Cedar Mountain age coincides with renewed magmatic activity at ~125 Ma. The Cedar Mountain Formation covers a period of 27 Myr and likely contains numerous small unconformities.

No description available.