Rädslan för att bli utsatt för ett brott och därmed bygga upp en otrygghetskänsla kan hämma människor att välja en specifik väg eller att vistas på speciella platser. Gävle kommun arbetar kontinuerligt för att skapa en trygg och säker miljö för invånarna där den upplevda tryggheten är lika viktig som den faktiska. Eftersom trygghet är något som påverkar alla i samhället applicerades denna studie på en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys (MKA) på tryggaste vägvalet för gång- och cykeltrafikanter i Gävle kommun. Analysteknikerna analytisk hierarkisk process (AHP) och analytisk nätverksprocess (ANP) tillämpades för att utvärdera hur respektive teknik påverkade resultatet i en MKA. Målet med studien var att analysera skillnaderna mellan AHP och ANP samt hur de påverkar resultatet, identifiera hur kriterier och vikt styr trygghetsanalysen samt formulera förslag på andra appliceringsområden. För att erhålla lokal kännedom om samt rangordning av relevanta kriterier, ur trygghetsperspektiv vid samhällsplanering, utfördes intervjuer med en trafikplanerare, en landskapsarkitekt samt en översiktsplanerare vid Gävle kommun. Kartlagren som användes erhölls från Gävle kommun, Lantmäteriet samt Gävle Energi. Programvaror för databearbetning och analys var ArcGIS, ERDAS Imagine samt SuperDecisions.  Analysresultatet visade att de tryggaste områdena är Esplanaden i centrala Gävle, norra delen av stadsdelen Sätra samt Hille i norra Gävle. Platsbesöket gav en stark bild av att villaområden kändes tryggast utifrån gång- och cykeltrafikanters behov. De primära kriterierna att vara nära belysning, ha fri sikt, att det är människor i rörelse (relaterat till byggnader och busshållplatser) samt att vara långt ifrån tunnlar uppfylldes i olika villaområden runtom i Gävle. Fördelen med AHP var att den är enkel att bygga upp och kan tydligt visualisera hur olika parametrar påverkar varandra i en hierarkisk struktur. ANP däremot var något mer avancerad även i ett enkelt nätverk, men påverkades inte av den som utförde de parvisa jämförelserna på samma sätt som i AHP, eftersom det är svårare att förutse vilken rangordning de olika kriterierna tilldelas när klustren har inre och yttre beroende samt återkoppling till varandra. / The fear of being a victim of a crime can hamper people to choose a specific path or to reside in specific locations, and thus build up a sense of insecurity. Gävle kommun have a continuously work to create a safe and secure environment for residents, where the perceived safety is as important as the actual. Because safety is something that affects all of society the study was applied on a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) for the safest route selection for pedestrians and cyclists in Gävle. The analysis techniques analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) was applied to evaluate how each technology affected the result in MCA. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences between the techniques and how they affect the results, identify the criteria and how weight control safety analysis, and formulate suggestions for other application areas. To obtain local knowledge and ranking of relevant criteria interviews with a traffic planner, a landscape architect and an overview planner at Gävle kommun was conducted. Software for data processing and analysis was ArcGIS, ERDAS Imagine and SuperDecisions. After analyzing the results a site visit were performed. The site visit gave indications of the residential areas as safe due to the needs of a pedestrian or cyclist. The primary criteria are to be close to lighting, have a clear view, that there are people in motion (related to buildings and bus stops) and to be far from tunnels met in residential areas in different parts of Gävle. One advantage with the AHP was the simplicity of the hierarchical structure and the easy way of demonstrating the results. ANP on the other hand was more complex due to the network model. The pairwise comparisons did not get as much influence from the decision maker as in the AHP.

Le secteur des semi-conducteurs a connu un développement considérable ces dernières décennies, du fait des nouvelles applications de la microélectronique dans l'industrie. Le processus de fabrication est réputé pour sa complexité. L'un des ateliers les plus critiques de la production, l'atelier de photolithographie, est régi par un ensemble conséquent de contraintes de production. La multiplicité des ressources utilisées, le nombre important de produits traités, en font une zone importante à optimiser. Les objectifs de la thèse ont été de modéliser cet atelier sous la forme d'un problème d'ordonnancement sur machines parallèles et d'optimiser plusieurs critères jugés pertinents pour évaluer la qualité des solutions. Des résultats en termes de complexité, et d'algorithmes de résolution, ont permis une application industrielle, dans la mesure où un logiciel d'optimisation destiné à l'ordonnancement des lots en photolithographie a été développé. / Semiconductor manufacturing has grown considerably in recent decades, due to new industrial applications of microelectronic devices. The related manufacturing process is known to be complex. A bottleneck process step, the photolithography workshop, gathers various types of constraints, related to the number of auxiliary resources and the tools characteristics. The aims of the thesis were to model this workstation as a parallel machine scheduling problem and to optimize various criteria, determined by industrial needs. Some complexity results are provided and optimization algorithms led to an industrial application, i.e. a software providing optimized schedules in a specific fab.

Spatial planning can play an important role in the creation of a more sustianable devolopment, which means that climate and enviromental aspect are becoming more important. To be able to take into account aspects connected to these questions during the planningprocess, knowledge about which ones are important and how they can be implemented in the process are a key factor. Geographic information systems (GIS) is increasingly being used by planners because it is a time-efficient way to handle large amounts of geographic data of varying character. The large part of the worlds population lives in urban environments, and continues to increase,which means that the amount of land available for new buildings are limited. In order to best manage these limited landresources,analyzes of a variety of aspects should be weighed against each other and come to a conclusion about what is most appropriate for a specific area of land. With GIS and the Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) method, such analyzes can be made efficiently and contribute to the creation of more energy efficient spatial planning. In this study, which is part of a project initiated by Ovanåkers municipality, MCA was used to locate places suitable for either residential or industrial activities. This was done based on an energy efficiency perspective with a variety of criterias that are considered to contribute to reduced energy consumption. During interviews with planners at the municipality and the Swedish Energy Agency the criterias were ranked based on how important they were considered to be for analysis. These rankings formed the basis of the weight sets that were presented. The result shows that differences in the ranking affect which areas are considered appropriate to a certain extent. Despite these differences, there is a clear pattern where industries are considered most suitable on the outskirts of communities and housing more suitable in the central parts. / Samhällsplanering kan ha en avgörande roll på skapandet av en mer hållbar utveckling vilket gör att klimat- och miljöaspekter hamnar i allt större fokus. För att planarbetet ska kunna ta hänsyn till aspekter rörande dessa ämnen så krävs det kunskap om vilka aspekter som är viktiga samt hur de kan implementeras i planarbetet. Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) används i allt större utsträckning av samhällsplanerare eftersom det är ett tidseffektivt sätt att hantera stora mängder geografisk data av varierande karaktär. En allt större del av befolkningen bor i urbana miljöer, vilket gör att mark som är tillgänglig för exploatering minskar. För att på bästa sätt hushålla med dessa resurser bör analyser av en rad olika aspekter vägas mot varandra och på så sätt komma fram till vad som är mest lämpligt för ett specifikt markområde. Med GIS och metoden multikriterieanalys (MKA) kan analyser av detta slag göras på ett effektivt sätt och bidra till skapande av en mer energieffektiv samhällsplanering. I denna studie som är en del av ett projekt som initierats av Ovanåkers kommun användes MKA för att lokalisera platser lämpliga för antingen bostäder eller industriverksamhet. Detta gjordes utifrån ett energieffektiviseringperspektiv med en rad olika kriterier som anses bidra till minskad energikonsumtion. Med hjälp av intervjuer med planerare på kommunen och Energimyndigheten rangordnades kriterierna utifrån vilket betydelse de ansågs ha för analysens syfte. Dessa rangordningar låg till grund för de viktuppsättningar som togs fram. Resultatet visar att skillnader i rangordningen påverkar vilka områden som anses lämpliga i viss utsträckningen. Trots dessa skillnader finns ett tydligt mönster där industrier anses mest lämpliga i utkanten av samhällen och bostäder mer lämpliga i de centrala delarna.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-07-01T14:49:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Venancio Da Silva.pdf: 1612176 bytes, checksum: f4a65a67c6e926bca48180e5eff07fe1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T14:49:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Venancio Da Silva.pdf: 1612176 bytes, checksum: f4a65a67c6e926bca48180e5eff07fe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Due to the globalization, the numbers of international companies are in continuous expansion, along with logistics service providers which offer abilities to deal with relevant complexities to international trade. Freight Forwarders are considered the main international trade intermediaries. They are responsible for all functions involved in transport after the cargo is available. Therefore, selecting a freight forwarder and the criteria considered in this selection are important elements in the success of a company. This work’s purpose is to identify and classify the utilization degree of the criteria considered in international transport selection process of less than a container load (LCL), maritime modal, from the perspective of the Brazilian freight forwarders. After the literature review, 52 sub-criteria were identified, which were analyzed and organized into 13 criteria. The study was conducted with 6 freight forwarders, 2 small-sized, 2 medium-sized and 2 large-sized. This research concludes that the utilization degree of the criteria considered in the international transport of LCL, maritime modal, is influenced by the size of the companies studied. The price is the most widely used criterion for small-sized freight forwarders while delivery is the most widely used criterion for medium-sized and large-sized freight forwarders. This research concludes further that the environmental criterion is not used by importers and exporters in the selection process a freight forwarder. / Por causa da globalização, o número de empresas que operam no exterior está em contínua ampliação, juntamente com os prestadores de serviços que oferecem a capacidade de lidar com as complexidades pertinentes ao comércio internacional. Os agentes de cargas são considerados os principais intermediários no comércio internacional. Sua tarefa é gerenciar todas as funções envolvidas no transporte após a disponibilização das respectivas cargas. Assim sendo, a seleção de um agente de cargas e os critérios considerados nessa seleção são elementos importantes no sucesso de uma empresa. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e classificar o grau de utilização dos critérios considerados no processo de seleção de transporte internacional de carga fracionada, modal marítimo, sob a ótica dos agentes de cargas brasileiros de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Após a revisão da literatura foram identificados 52 subcritérios, que foram analisados e agrupados em 13 critérios. O estudo de caso foi realizado junto a 6 agentes de cargas, sendo 2 de pequeno porte, 2 de médio porte e 2 de grande porte. Conclui-se nos casos estudados que o grau de utilização dos critérios considerados no transporte internacional de carga fracionada, modal marítimo, são influenciados pelo porte das empresas estudadas. Para os agentes de cargas de pequeno porte o preço é o critério mais utilizado enquanto para os agentes de cargas de médio e grande porte, a entrega é o critério mais utilizado. Conclui-se ainda que o critério ambiental não é utilizado pelos importadores e exportadores durante o processo de seleção de um agente de cargas independente do porte analisado.

En este trabajo se aplican modernas técnicas multicriterio para la selección de carteras, partiendo de información empírica muy amplia proveniente de la Bolsa de Madrid. En efecto, el número de títulos-valores considerados asciende a 104 durante un reciente período de cinco años, habiéndose recogido rendimientos por plusvalías, dividendos y ampliaciones de capital con periodicidad mensual a lo largo del periodo histórico. Basándose en este material estadístico, se han obtenido doce fronteras eficientes diversificadas, analizando sus peculiaridades. Estas fronteras se han diseñado de tal modo que cumplen en ellas las restricciones legales en cuanto a diversificación. Para seleccionar las carteras óptimas, se recurre a técnicas de bounding que se fundamentan en teoremas recientemente aparecidos en la literatura. Los objetivos del inversor son relevantes para optimizar los portafolios, teniendo en cuenta los coeficientes de aversión al riesgo, y más en general, las RMS entre rentabilidad y seguridad, de acuerdo con las preferencias inversoras. Los teoremas indicados permiten conseguir aproximaciones al óptimo cuando se carece de información completa sobre la función de utilidad. Este caso resulta especialmente importante, dadas las dificultades para especificar formas y parámetros de utilidad con respecto a fondos de inversión y otros inversores colectivos. Sin embargo, la fisonomía correspondiente al fondo de inversión y sus perfiles gestores dan lugar en la tesis a distintas alternativas de cartera, en casos tan diversos como las estrategias activas y la política buy & hold. / Pla Santamaría, D. (2000). Modelos multicriterio para la selección de portafolios en la Bolsa de Madrid [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/5184 / Palancia

Orientador: Gustavo Garcia Manzato / Resumo: Priorizando a mobilidade urbana sustentável, a bicicleta é apontada como meio de transporte devido ao seu baixo custo, pouco espaço viário consumido e principalmente pela ausência de impactos negativos por não ser poluente, reduzir o nível de ruído do sistema e não consumir energia não renovável. Na intenção de que a população possa adotar a bicicleta como meio de transporte e não apenas como lazer, são necessários investimentos para implantação de infraestrutura cicloviária adequada e de qualidade que forneça segurança e conforto ao usuário. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é a elaboração de um índice que qualifique a oferta de infraestrutura cicloviária de uma dada região a partir de aspectos que forneçam segurança e conforto ao usuário de bicicleta e ainda estimule o uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte. Isso se deu através da percepção de especialistas e revisão de literatura, por meio das quais foram identificados e avaliados 23 temas, agrupados em três domínios: Segurança, Geometria e Facilidades. Na sequência, o método Structured Pairwise Comparison (SPC) foi utilizado para priorização e ponderação dos domínios e temas, também com base em uma consulta a especialistas. Posteriormente, foram criados indicadores que pudessem valorar cada um dos temas, proporcionando a aplicação do índice em uma determinada região. Os resultados mostraram que o domínio Segurança foi o mais relevante na avaliação de uma infraestrutura cicloviária qualificada, sendo a Velocidade da via o tema c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Giving priority to sustainable urban mobility, the bicycle is appointed as a mean of transport because of its low cost, little road space consumed and, above all, the absence of negative impacts as it does not pollute the environment, reduces system noise levels and does not consume non-renewable energy. With the intention that bicycles were adopted as a mean of transport and not just as leisure, investments are needed to implement adequate and qualified cycling infrastructure that provides safety and comfort to the users. The goal of this research is the elaboration of an index that qualifies the cycling infrastructure supply in an area considering such safety and comfort aspects to the cyclist as well as stimulates the use of bicycles as a mean of transport. This was done through the perception of specialists and literature review, in which 23 themes were identified, evaluated and grouped into three domains: Safety, Geometry and Facilities. Thereafter, the Structured Pairwise Comparison (SPC) method was used for prioritization and weighting of domains and themes, also based on a survey conducted with specialists. Subsequently, indicators that could appraise each of the themes and allow the application of the index in a certain area were created. The results showed that the Security domain was the most relevant on the evaluation of a qualified cycling infrastructure, with the Speed of the road being the most relevant theme in the determination of this index. Once the index p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a selected structural part of multi-tasking machine tool. The solved construction part is the design of a turning table with the possibility of positioning with specified parameters. The research part is focused on CNC machine tools, multi-tasking machine tools and individual parts of turning tables with possible positioning. In a design part, the design of design variants of possible solutions is made and the choice of the design solution is made with the help of multicriteria analysis. Subsequently, the selected design solution is processed with the help of the necessary technical calculations. The result of the work is then a 3D model and the required drawing documentation.

The diploma thesis focuses on decision-making process during choosing the form of business. It finds and describes the criteria that should be considered in this selection. These criteria compares and evaluates on a model situation in relation to the five chosen variants. The thesis contains suggestions of precedures leading to the choosing the suitable form of business, characterizes their advantages and disadvantages and presents situations in which the procedure is convenient to use.

This thesis deals with the processing map multicriteria decision risk analysis on the basis of on available data in accordance with Directive 2007/60/ES and the methodology of the Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic in 2012 on the selected location in the river Dřevnice at kilometer 2,340 to 16,633.

This diploma thesies is focused on design of a sawing machine for profiles of the aluminium profile system. In the beginning the basic types of sawing maschines are described, followed by the analysis of alternative solutions, selecting the best option, design of the final solution and evaluation. The resulting solution should be ergonomically acceptable, safe, affordable and efficient.