Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T13:51:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçao - Laís Vaz Cordeiro - 2015.pdf: 1207315 bytes, checksum: 9a8ac4fc3a56663968d94918c5dbe810 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T13:56:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçao - Laís Vaz Cordeiro - 2015.pdf: 1207315 bytes, checksum: 9a8ac4fc3a56663968d94918c5dbe810 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T13:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçao - Laís Vaz Cordeiro - 2015.pdf: 1207315 bytes, checksum: 9a8ac4fc3a56663968d94918c5dbe810 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-25 / Since the promulgation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by members of the United Nations (UN) in 1948, major historical changes occurred in the international arena. The intensification of the complexity of global society led to the need for development of new legal models for new cross-border problems. It seeks, in this work, display and critically analyze the multilevel constitutionalism, transconstitucionalism and interconstitucionality and approach these perspectives in relation to the Inter-American System of Human Rights Protection (ISHR) in order to try to understand the phenomena of constitutional integration and exchanges in Latin American countries. From this objective, it seeks to present the current Project of ISHR and in particular the Inter-American Court (IACHR).It is understood that jurisprudence built by the IACHR, as well as the "conventionality control”, represent new factors in the legal systems that undergo a process of integration and therefore are relevant to understanding the contemporary dynamic. It presents a brief statement about the ISHR's performance in the Brazilian context and its consequences, as the critical position of Brazil in relation to certain requests and determinations issued by the Commission and Inter-American Court, respectively. Through the exposure of the Inter-American Court jurisprudence in cases of amnesty laws, we intend to identify, in the current Latin American scene, the placement of this Court, I try to view the prospects discussed and delineate potential consequences of each of the three constitutional integration models analyzed with regard the hypothesis of functioning as theoretical references at the Latin American experience of human rights promotion. It is recognized that neither model completely correspond to legal or political dynamics of the ISHR, however, it is expected to identify the approach and the distance of this system about these new emerging constitutional models of Constitutional Law, considering the conceptual delimitation of Human Rights used for the construction of this analysis, that is, they are constituted as an open content class, which is incompatible therefore with a universal-abstract and unifying bias. / Desde a promulgação da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos pelos membros da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) em 1948, grandes transformações históricas ocorreram no cenário internacional. A intensificação da complexidade na sociedade mundial acarretou a necessidade de elaboração de novos modelos jurídicos para os novos problemas transfronteiriços. Busca-se, nesse trabalho, apresentar e analisar criticamente o constitucionalismo multinível, o transconstitucionalismo e a interconstitucionalidade e a aproximação dessas perspectivas em relação ao Sistema Interamericano de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos (SIDH), com o fim de se tentar compreender os fenômenos de integração e intercâmbio constitucional no âmbito dos países latino-americanos. A partir desse objetivo, procura-se apresentar o atual projeto do SIDH e, em especial, da Corte Interamericana (Corte IDH), seu órgão jurisdicional. Entende-se que a jurisprudência construída por este Tribunal, bem como o “controle de convencionalidade” por ela exercido, representam fatores novos nos sistemas jurídicos que passam por um processo de integração e, por isso, são relevantes para entender a dinâmica contemporânea. Apresenta-se uma breve exposição acerca da atuação do SIDH no âmbito brasileiro e suas decorrências, como o posicionamento crítico do Brasil em relação a certas solicitações e determinações emanadas pela Comissão e Corte Interamericana, respectivamente. Por meio da exposição da jurisprudência da Corte IDH nos casos das Leis de Anistia, pretende-se identificar, no atual cenário latino-americano, o posicionamento deste Tribunal, tento em vista as perspectivas discutidas, bem como delimitar potenciais consequências de cada um dos três modelos de integração constitucional analisados, no que diz respeito à hipótese de funcionarem como referentes teóricos da experiência latino-americana de promoção consertada dos direitos humanos. Reconhece-se que nenhum dos modelos corresponderia completamente a dinâmica política e jurisdicional do SIDH, contudo, espera-se identificar a aproximação e o distanciamento do sistema com esses novos modelos constitucionais emergentes na seara do Direito Constitucional, levando-se em consideração a delimitação conceitual de diretos humanos utilizada para a construção dessa análise, qual seja, que estes se constituem como uma classe de conteúdo aberto e variável, incompatível, portanto, com um viés universalista-abstrato e uniformizador.

This article addresses diverse perspectives concerning relationship between reviewing (laws) for compliance and the process of putting international law of human rights on a constitutional footing. Therefore, a parallel is established between reviewing (laws) for compliance and constitutional review (laws) in order to outline features and application impact of this research. The design of a multi-level protection system for fundamental rights in Latin America is also discussed in this article. / El presente artículo aborda aspectos relativos a la relación entre el control de convencionalidad y el proceso de constitucionalización del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Así, se establece un paralelo entre el control de convencionalidad y el control de constitucionalidad, a fin de determinar las características y el impacto de la aplicación del examen mencionado. El documento da cuenta de la configuración de un sistema de protección multinivel de los derechos fundamentales en Latinoamérica.

Le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda est singulier au regard des génocides du XXème siècle. Il l’est par le nombre de ses victimes, par sa rapidité, ses modes d’exécution et surtout par le nombre de ses auteurs. Ce sont plus d’un million de Rwandais (Hutu) qui ont pris part directement aux massacres. La sanction de ces crimes de masse dans une société en quête de reconstruction soulevait d’innombrables difficultés notamment dans l’appréhension d’une criminalité collective en termes de responsabilité individuelle. L’ampleur et le paroxysme atteint dans ce drame a nécessité un traitement spécifique. Trois instances de justice ont été activées de manière concomitante : les juridictions classiques rwandaises (relayées par des juridictions coutumières dites Gacaca), le Tribunal international créé par le Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies et enfin les juridictions nationales étrangères en application du principe de la compétence universelle. L’intérêt scientifique de notre démarche réside justement dans l’étude de ce traitement juridictionnel multiniveaux. Deux questions se posent : quelle est la pertinence de ce modèle de justice 20 ans après le drame rwandais ?Quel bilan provisoire peut-on tirer de tous les jugements rendus par ces différentes juridictions ? / The Tutsi genocide in Rwanda is singular in consider genocides of the XXth century. It is true by the number of victims, the speed and methods of implementation and, above all the number of the authors. These are more than one million Rwandan (Hutu) who participated directly in the massacres. Punishment of the massive crimes in a society in search of reconstruction, run into problems of group crime and individual responsibility. The scale and the speak of human tragedy needed specific treatment. Rwandan ordinary courts (replace by customary Courts called Gacaca), International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (created by United Nations Security Council) and lastly, national foreign jurisdictions are also begin simultaneously in application of the principle of universal jurisdiction. The interest of our scientific approach lies in the study of multilevel constitutionalism. This raises two obvious questions: What is the relevance of this justice model twenty years after the Rwandan tragedy? What has been the interim review of all the judgments handed down by the different jurisdictions?