The dissertation thesis is focused on feedback on writing in English lessons, and describes its character and pupil's perception of its comprehensibility. The theoretical part defines feedback as a tool of pedagogical communication, which informs the pupil about the possibilities of improvement and progress and thus shapes pupil's development within the learning process as well as pupil's personality development. The topic of feedback is presented in the context of school assessment and teaching of writing, the issue of error is mentioned as the basis for corrective feedback and an incentive for learning. Also, writing and the specifics of its assessment are discussed. The empirical part, using the qualitative design of the multi-case study, builds on the data obtained by the interviews and the content analysis of the documents. The four case studies of teachers and their pupils illustrate how teachers and pupils perceive (corrective) feedback as a tool of pedagogical communication providing information on the possibilities of improvement and progress. The feedback on writing takes the form of grading (analytical rubrics), corrective feedback in the form of marking mistakes and problematic places in the work, written comments and oral comments when teachers hand the papers over. Pupils see feedback...

Nomads of Educational System Multiple Case Study of School Mobility of Pupils Jan Vyhnálek Abstract The thesis explores school mobility - "students making nonpromotional school changes" (Rumberger, 2003), in the Czech Republic through qualitative multiple case study. It begins with a review of the most significant empirical studies in school mobility (1991-2016), highlighting a gap in research into the causes and processes of pupils' transitions and the need for qualitative research. To contribute to filling this gap, two cases of transfers following the transition from primary to lower secondary school and one case of attempts to integrate a child with cerebral palsy into mainstream schooling were explored as a "social and relational construction" (Zamora & Moforte, 2013, p. 59). The core of the thesis is an analysis of data based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with parents, pupils, teachers, school principals and external experts, field notes and documents providing three analytical narrations of these transitions. Rich use of data segments allows naturalistic generalisation. The analysis features the role of communication between school and family, the role of engaged parents, school tracking, school climate, social stigmatization of pupils and families, and stress on academic outcomes...

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Le leadership clinique infirmier au point de dispensation des soins est important afin d’assurer des soins de qualité et sécuritaires dans les organisations de santé (ACN, 2015 ; RNAO, 2013). Des études mettent en évidence qu’un leadership exercé par l’ensemble des professionnels de la santé, qui prennent la responsabilité individuelle et collective d’offrir des soins efficaces et de haute qualité, serait plus adapté aux réalités contemporaines des milieux de soins (West et al., 2014 ; West et al., 2015). Or, le leadership clinique des infirmières est, jusqu’à ce jour, étudié selon des rôles spécifiques, ce qui ne permet pas de comprendre comment l’ensemble des infirmières d’une unité de soins exercent leur leadership au point de dispensation des soins. Le but de l’étude était de décrire l’exercice du leadership clinique infirmier dans des unités de soins hospitaliers, les facteurs qui le favorisent et ceux qui le contraignent, ainsi que la perception qu’ont les infirmières des résultats de cet exercice du leadership pour les patients, les infirmières, l’équipe interprofessionnelle et l’organisation. Pour soutenir cette étude, l’adaptation du modèle pour le développement et le maintien du leadership proposé par l’Association des infirmières et infirmiers autorisés de l’Ontario [RNAO] (2013) a été réalisée en y intégrant les pratiques de leadership clinique énoncées par Patrick et al. (2011). Une étude de cas multiple (Stake, 1995; 2016) a été réalisée auprès de trois équipes infirmières dans un centre hospitalier universitaire québécois. L’échantillon (N = 36) se composait de 22 infirmières soignantes, de 7 assistantes infirmières-chefs, de 4 infirmières en pratique avancée et de 3 infirmières-chefs d’unité. Trente-six entrevues, 120 heures d’observation ainsi qu’une analyse documentaire ont été effectuées. Une analyse pour chaque cas (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2016) et transversale (Stake, 2016) a permis la formulation de thèmes et une modélisation de l’exercice du leadership clinique infirmier. Nos résultats indiquent que le leadership clinique infirmier se manifeste sous cinq formes actives, quel que soit le rôle de l’infirmière sur l’unité : 1) prendre des initiatives de l’ordre de la pensée réflexive et de l’intervention ; 2) influencer l’atteinte des objectifs de soins du patient/famille et le développement professionnel des collègues en leur offrant du coaching ; 3) participer et mobiliser ses collègues à contribuer à des activités d’amélioration de la qualité des soins ; 4) s’impliquer afin de promouvoir une synergie et une cohésion d’équipe optimale ; 5) mobiliser des capacités personnelles et collaboratives. Des ressources multiniveaux, une organisation du travail qui prône l’autonomie professionnelle, le leadership clinique ainsi qu’un climat de travail positif seraient favorables à l’exercice du leadership. Finalement, les infirmières perçoivent de multiples résultats positifs (ex. : diminution des complications des patients, développement professionnel des infirmières). Cette étude propose une perspective collective du leadership clinique infirmier dans des unités de soins hospitaliers, met en évidence son effet de levier pour celui-ci ainsi que pour l’atteinte de résultats positifs. Elle propose aussi une modélisation pouvant servir d’outil pragmatique. Plusieurs pistes de réflexion et d’interventions sont présentées pour la gestion, la formation, la recherche et la pratique. / Clinical nursing leadership at the point of delivery of care is important to ensure safe, quality care in health care organizations (ACN, 2015; RNAO, 2013). Recent studies show that a leadership exercised by the entire team of health professionals, taking individual and collective responsibility for providing effective and high quality care, would be more suited to the contemporary realities of care settings (West et al., 2014; West et al., 2015). However, up until now, clinical leadership of nurses has only been studied according to specific roles. This does not allow us to understand how all the nurses working in a care unit exercise their leadership at the point of delivery of care. The aim of the study is to describe the exercise of clinical nursing leadership in the context of hospital care units, the factors that favor and those that constrain it, and how nurses perceive the effects of this exercise of leadership on patients, nurses, the interprofessional team and the organization. To support this study, the conceptual model for the development and maintenance of leadership proposed by the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario [RNAO] (2013) was adapted by incorporating clinical leadership practices identified by Patrick et al. (2011). A multiple case study (Stake, 1995; 2016) was conducted with three nursing teams in a Québec university hospital center. The sample (N = 36) was composed of 22 bedside nurses, 7 assistant unit nurse managers, 4 advanced practice nurses and 3 unit nurse managers. Thirty-six interviews, 120 hours of observation and a documentary analysis were conducted. For each case, an analysis (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2016) and a cross-case analysis (Stake, 2016) permitted to formulate themes and to offer a model of the exercise of clinical nursing leadership. Our results indicate that clinical nursing leadership manifests itself in five forms, regardless of the unit nurse’s role: 1) taking initiatives involving reflective thinking and intervention; 2) influencing the achievement of patient/family care goals and the professional development of colleagues by offering coaching; 3) participating and mobilizing colleagues to contribute to activities that improve the quality of care; 4) becoming involved in order to promote optimal synergy and team cohesion; and 5) mobilizing personal and collaborative capacities. Multilevel resources, a work organization that promotes professional autonomy, clinical leadership, as well as a positive work climate were found to be favorable to the exercise of leadership. Finally, nurses perceive multiple positive results (ex. a decrease in complications for the patients and professional development for the nurses). This study suggests a collective perspective of clinical nursing leadership in hospital care units, it highlights the leverage effect for itself and the achievement of positive outcomes. It also offers a model that could serve as a pragmatic tool. Finally, various suggestions for reflection and intervention are proposed for management, training, research and practice.

The Online Clothing Reselling Platforms (OCRPs) industry foresees ongoing significant market growth, building upon the expansion it has achieved in recent years. This trend makes it essential to understand how website usability factors affect consumer behaviour and identify practical opportunities for optimization in this specific context of e-commerce. Through empirical research, this study aims to contribute to the existing gap in the literature by analyzing the effect of usability factors on purchase intention and developing a practical usability framework that can guide designers and developers towards the successful implementation of usability factors that facilitates consumer decision-making and purchase intention.  To address the research gap, a mixed-methods multiple case study approach was utilized, combining a heuristic evaluation, a survey of 186 participants, and usability testing with six participants augmented by eye-tracking software and semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted on two key OCRPs, building upon existing knowledge of website usability factors as well as empirical findings.  The results indicate that navigability, content relevance, credibility, and simplicity are positively correlated with increased purchase intention in OCRPs. The study suggests that these four website usability factors should be prioritized when designing and developing these platforms. Based on these findings, a practical usability framework was created to provide designers and developers with actionable insights that can assist them in prioritizing and optimizing website usability to increase purchase intention. The framework lists practical guidelines per usability factor and demonstrates the factors’ interdependence. The framework is designed to further enable the growth of OCRPs by increasing purchase intention through website usability.

La présente recherche vise à décrire les pratiques d’enseignement mises en place en classe d’éducation préscolaire pour favoriser le réemploi des mots enseignés. De plus, nous identifions, en lien avec les recommandations ministérielles du nouveau programme de l’éducation préscolaire, les contextes à partir desquels les enseignantes observent le réemploi des mots étudiés chez les enfants. L’atteinte de nos objectifs est rendue possible par une étude descriptive auprès de douze enseignantes, intervenant dans des écoles de milieu défavorisé ciblées par le programme Une École Montréalaise Pour Tous (UÉMPT). Ces enseignantes ont reçu une formation approfondie et appuyée par la recherche pour parfaire leur connaissance sur l’enseignement du vocabulaire dans le cadre de la recherche principale collaborative dans laquelle s’inscrit notre propre étude. La consignation des traces d’activités réalisées en classe, les entretiens de suivi hebdomadaires avec les enseignantes et les observations en classe permettent de dresser un portrait des pratiques d’enseignement visant le réemploi du vocabulaire. Dans ces pratiques, plusieurs aspects sont considérés dont la nature de la consigne, l’objectif de l’activité, le contexte du réemploi, etc. / Vocabulary is a major concern for pedagogical specialists designing the French school curriculum for the Quebec Ministry of Education. Vocabulary is not only essential for reading and writing skills, but it has been linked to academic success. The purpose of this research was to describe teaching practices that support the acquisition and use of vocabulary words, in line with the new preschool curriculum. We also wanted to identify in which contexts the teachers observed the use of taught vocabulary. We conducted a descriptive study of 12 teachers working in schools in disadvantaged areas targeted by the UÉMPT program (Une École Montréalaise pour Tous). These teachers received extensive, research-supported training in vocabulary comprehension and instruction through a principal collaborative research, of which our own study is a part. We examined records of classroom activities, weekly follow-up interviews with teachers, and classroom observations. The analysis included the nature of the instruction, the purpose of the activity, the context of the reuse, etc. observations provide a better understanding of teaching practices for vocabulary reuse.

Ayant comme première langue apprise ou d’usage le français, les élèves francophones issu·es de l’immigration récente (EFIIR) sont souvent directement inclus·es en classe ordinaire dans le niveau scolaire de leur groupe d’âge (MELS, 2014d). Elles et ils ne reçoivent généralement pas de soutien particulier puisque l’école considère leur maîtrise de la langue d’enseignement suffisante. Pourtant, ces EFIIR sont confronté·es à des obstacles potentiels de taille (Gosselin-Gagné, 2018a). Pour favoriser leur plein épanouissement, l’inclusion scolaire est alors un concept à mobiliser (Potvin, 2013). S’appuyant sur le socioconstructivisme, elle amène le personnel à reconnaître l’hétérogénéité des profils des élèves et à mettre en œuvre des pratiques équitables et adaptées à leurs besoins. Ce projet de recherche a 3 objectifs spécifiques : 1) documenter les facilitateurs et obstacles à la situation d’inclusion d’EFIIR dans leur groupe classe ordinaire du primaire; 2) dégager des pratiques inclusives et socioconstructivistes qui soutiennent leur situation d’inclusion; et 3) analyser leur situation d’inclusion en fonction de la synthèse retenue et des principes de l’inclusion scolaire. Le type de recherche adoptée est l’étude de cas multiples. La triangulation des données a été assurée par leur collecte auprès de trois types de personnes participantes, soit les EFIIR, leur parent et le personnel scolaire impliqué dans leur situation d’inclusion, et ce, avec des entretiens semi-dirigés. Les résultats se structurent autour de trois études de cas de situations d’inclusion d’EFIIR. Plusieurs facilitateurs, comme le soutien des parents et celui de la personne enseignante titulaire, ont été nommés par les personnes participantes et dégagés à la suite de l’analyse des données collectées. Les EFIIR ont également rencontré divers obstacles en lien avec leurs apprentissages en mathématiques, la diversité culturelle et linguistique du français, et la création de liens d’amitié. Ces facilitateurs et obstacles étaient davantage nommés par les personnes participantes comme étant intrinsèques aux EFIIR, ce qui a suggéré un manque d’adaptation réciproque de la part de l’école. De plus, une variété de pratiques inclusives et socioconstructivistes qui soutiennent la situation d’inclusion scolaire de ces EFIIR a été soulevée tels un protocole d’accueil réfléchi, l’enseignement explicite de l’empathie et l’accompagnement des élèves dans leur socialisation. / Students who have recently immigrated that master French as their first spoken language are often directly included in schools in ordinary classes associated to their age group (MELS, 2014d). They generally do not receive any particular support since schools consider their competencies of the language of instruction sufficient. However, these students face significant potential obstacles (Gosselin-Gagné, 2018a). To promote their full potential, inclusion is a concept to mobilize (Potvin, 2013). Based on the sociocultural theory, it encourages school staff to recognize the heterogeneity of student profiles and intervene in an equitable and adapted way to answer their needs. This research project has 3 specific objectives: 1) to document the facilitators and obstacles to the situation of inclusion of French-speaking students who have recently immigrated in ordinary classes in elementary schools; 2) to identify inclusive and sociocultural practices that support the situation of inclusion of these students; and 3) to analyze their situation of inclusion according to the retained synthesis of inclusive education and its principles. This project is a multiple case study. Triangulation of the data was ensured by collecting them from three types of participants, namely French-speaking students who have recently immigrated, their parents and school staff involved in their situation of inclusion, with semi-structured interviews. The results are structured around three case studies of the situation of inclusion of three French-speaking students who have recently immigrated. Several facilitators, such as support from parents and from the classroom teacher, were named by the participants and identified following the analysis of the data collected. These students encountered various obstacles related to their learning in mathematics, the cultural and linguistic diversity of French, and the creation of friendships. These facilitators and obstacles were often named as being intrinsic to the students, which suggested a lack of reciprocal adaptation on behalf of the schools. In addition, a variety of inclusive and sociocultural practices that supported the situation of inclusion of these French-speaking students who had recently immigrated were raised, such as a thoughtful reception protocol, the explicit teaching of empathy, and the support for students in their socialization.

Since the ending of the Cold War, the defence sector, particularly the areas of military logistics and defence acquisition, has been undergoing a comprehensive transformation. There are several factors that explain this transformation: changes in defence and security policies for nations and organisations; reductions in defence expenditure; participation in Peace Support Operations; Lessons Learned from these operations, especially in the area of logistics; revolutionary development in the area of Information and Communication Technology; emergence of novel Commercial Best Practises in the areas of business and business logistics; and changes in the legislation regarding the conduct of public procurement in Europe. In military logistics, the relatively easily described static supply and support chains of the Cold War Era, designed for military units that stood in preparedness, Just-in-Case, of full-scale military conflicts in Europe, are now being substituted for flexible, dynamic operational supply and support chains, designed for military units that are deployed on Peace Support Operations around the globe. Hence, new types of missions have to be provided for. As a consequence, new military concepts have to be considered; new technology is being implemented; and new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money. In defence acquisition, the single Business Model of the Cold War Era, i.e. procurement of equipment, is being replaced by a spectrum of emerging Business Models, ranging from the traditional procurement of equipment, via acquisition of equipment and support, to acquisition of availability and capability, i.e. acquisition of performance. Consequently, new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; Commercial and Military-Off-The-Shelf products and services are being utilised; and Public Private Participation, Cooperation, and Partnerships are being investigated and initiated; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money, while simultaneously mitigating operational risk in the supply and support chains. This licentiate thesis reports on a research project that was commissioned by FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, and conducted in order to "study, analyse, and evaluate Business Models regarding how they can handle the new supply concept that a new logistical interface brings about, with a particular emphasis on the risk taking that is part of the business concept". This research purpose was used to formulate three Research Questions: • Research Question 1: How can a generic Business Model for a non-profit, governmental, Defence Procurement Agency be described? • Research Question 2: Which strengths and weaknesses do different Business Models have in the context of defence acquisition? • Research Question 3: Which risks are associated with different Business Models in the context of defence acquisition? Using constructs from: Business Model theory, Public Private Participation theory, defence acquisition theory and practise, and military logistics theory and practise; a generic Public Private Business Model for defence acquisition was developed. The generic model consists of numerous variables, which enables an array of possible configurations. The model was used in a multiple case study to describe and analyse four defence acquisition projects in the UK. The multiple case study demonstrated that the generic Public Private Business Model is useful in order to describe defence acquisition projects. The model has also demonstrated that it is useful in order to analyse acquisition projects, including performance and risk. The Public Private Business Model has demonstrated its usefulness by discovering internal and external misalignments. The internal misalignments are Business Model configurations where the different building blocks are working against each other. The research has revealed examples where the mitigation of operational risk in the supply and support chains creates new risks in other building blocks. An external misalignment occurs when a Business Model configuration works against the deal for which it was designed, or the strategy that it is intended to realise. The research has revealed examples where there is a risk that the Business Model configuration is detrimental to the overarching strategy, e.g. transferring risk to the private sector or incentivising industry to enhance performance. Hence, the Public Private Business Model ought to be useful to identify and eradicate negative patterns and to identify and reinforce positive patterns. The research has revealed three potential generic problems for Performance Based Contracts: a "definition problem" (i.e. what to measure); a "measurement problem" (i.e. when, where and how to measure); and a "comparison problem" (i.e. with what to compare). The research results demonstrate that it must be made explicit which dimensions of performance; e.g. speed, quality, cost, flexibility and dependability; that should be measured, and why others should be omitted. The research suggests that performance must be explicitly specified for any Performance Based Contract in order to avoid any unnecessary problems with interpretations. Furthermore, the research indicates that performance metrics must be explicitly described. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of having an established baseline, against which to compare the measurements of Key Performance Indicators.

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