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[pt] O gerenciamento de riscos é um dos tópicos de pesquisa mais atraentes dentro do campo da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. Devido à crescente diversidade e à extensão das cadeias, as questões ambientais tornaram-se hoje um tópico de pesquisa desafiador dentro deste contexto. Além disso, os recentes escândalos ambientais trazem à tona a negligência acerca das questões ambientais por parte de grandes empresas. O presente estudo explora, portanto, a gestão de riscos ambientais na cadeia de suprimentos. Para isso, foi realizada, inicialmente, uma revisão sistemática da literatura a fim de identificar os riscos ambientais presentes nas cadeias de suprimentos de uma empresa, a reação dos stakeholders perante esses riscos, que se desdobram em consequências para as empresas, bem como as estratégias ambientais para mitigação dos riscos. São identificados quatorze riscos ambientais, três principais consequências e dezenove estratégias que se relacionam através de um framework proposto. Posteriormente, um múltiplo estudo de caso é conduzido em três empresas situadas no Brasil, com a finalidade de verificar a relação das variáveis identificadas na literatura com as realidades organizacionais. Constata-se que a maioria dos riscos e estratégias ambientais advindas da revisão da literatura é também observada nas empresas estudadas e, dentre as consequências, as mais citadas pelas organizações são perdas reputacionais e financeiras. A partir dos estudos de casos, é possível complementar e validar os estudos acadêmicos existentes, endossando, assim, a discussão sobre o gerenciamento de riscos ambientais na cadeia de suprimentos. / [en] Risk management in supply chains has emerged as one of the most attractive research topics in the supply chain management field. Due to increasing diversity and the growing size of supply chains, environmental issues have today become a challenging research topic in supply chain risk management. Besides that, the recent environmental accidents bring to light the neglect of environmental issues by large companies. Thus, the present study explores the environmental risk management in supply chains. For this, a systematic literature review is carried out in order to identify the environmental risks present in the supply chain of a company, the reaction of the stakeholders to these risks, which unfold as consequences for the companies, as well as the strategies for mitigating these risks. It is identified fourteen environmental risks, three main consequences and nineteen strategies that are related by a proposed framework. Subsequently, a multiple case study is conducted in three companies located in Brazil, with the purpose of verifying the relationship of the variables identified in the literature with the organizational realities. It is verified that most of the risks and environmental strategies coming from the academic literature are observed by the companies and, among the consequences, the most cited ones are related to the company s reputation and financial consequences. From the cases studies, it is possible to complement and validate the existing academic studies, in order to endorse the discussion about environmental risk management in the supply chain.

Au cours de la dernière décennie, les outils d’enregistrement et de production musicale, les médias sociaux et les plateformes Web de vente et d’écoute de musique en ligne ont radicalement transformé l’industrie de la musique enregistrée. La baisse significative de vente d’albums et les nouveaux modèles de production, de diffusion et de promotion de la musique ont directement affecté les acteurs traditionnels comme les maisons de disques. Pendant que certains prévoyaient la fin de ces dernières au profit de l’autoproduction et de l’autopromotion, d’autres ont suggéré que les maisons de disques indépendantes pouvaient devenir des joueurs incontournables de ce nouvel environnement, pourvu qu’elles s’adaptent et développent une offre de services et une expertise répondant aux besoins réels des artistes. Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la façon dont les maisons de disques indépendantes québécoises perçoivent et utilisent les médias sociaux pour accroitre la visibilité des artistes qu’elles représentent. Dans cette étude de cas multiples, quatre maisons de disques indépendantes québécoises ont été sélectionnées. Des entretiens en profondeur ont été réalisés avec les chargés de projet Web de ces maisons de disques indépendantes afin de connaitre leur perception et leurs usages des médias sociaux, de même que les stratégies qu’ils emploient pour accroitre la visibilité des artistes qu’ils représentent sur le Web. Des données tirées d’observation des activités Web des quatre maisons de disques ont également été collectées. / During the last decade, music recording and production tools, social media, and platforms for selling and listening to music in streaming have radically transformed the industry of recorded music. The decline of album sales and new models of music production, distribution, and promotion have directly affected the traditional actors of the music industry such as record labels. While some predicted that these changes would bring an end to the records labels at the benefit of self-production and self-promotion, others suggested that independent record labels could become an essential part of this new environment, provided they adapt to it and develop new services and an expertise that meet the artists’ needs. This master thesis explores the visibility of independent Quebec music artists on the social web and the role record labels plays in it. In this multiple case study, four independent Quebec music labels were selected. In-depht interviews were conducted with the Web project managers of these music labels to discuss their perception and their usage of Web platforms, as well as the strategies they employ to increase the visibility on the Web of the artistes they represent. Observational data of the Web activities of the four music labels were also collected.

The thesis focuses on the topic of language and content integration in ELT in a broad sense, i.e. it discusses not only CLIL but also other models of content-based teaching, viz. ESP (English for Specific Purposes), EAP (English for Academic Purposes), and EMI (English-medium Instruction). In the theoretical part of the thesis, these models are described as regards their history, typical features, teachers, learners, as well as benefits and negatives. The empirical part of the thesis explores the current practice of language and content integration at Czech general secondary schools ("grammar schools"). The research is based on case studies of five teachers who teach various courses belonging to this category. The preliminary research investigated what courses are currently being offered at grammar schools in Prague; they are mostly elective courses. Our research findings suggest that language and content integration in the form of elective courses is a rather common practice, although often unconscious. Teachers tend to act on the basis of their intuition rather than their knowledge of theory and practice of language and content integration. Generally, it seems that more emphasis is put on content than language in these lessons. Content-based English lessons may be beneficial for learners for...

Les alliances stratégiques sont devenues autant une nécessité qu'un choix pour les entreprises afin d'être compétitif sur les marchés d'aujourd'hui. Toutefois, faire fonctionner les alliances stratégiques n'est pas une évidence. Des taux de défaillance entre 30% et jusqu'à 70% ont été régulièrement signalés. Un nombre important de recherches a examiné comment ces chiffres pouvaient être améliorés. La sélection de partenaires a été identifiée comme l'un des facteurs clés de la réussite. En fait, les attributs spécifiques de chaque partenaire, influant même sur la sélection de ces mêmes partenaires, ont tendance à avoir des effets boule de neige au-delà de la phase de formation, jusqu'aux phases de conception et de post-formation. S'appuyant sur des recherches antérieures étudiant l'attribut « réputation », cette thèse vient combler une lacune en explorant le rôle que peut jouer la réputation pour la performance environnementale dans la détermination des avantages individuels et communs dans les différentes phases des alliances stratégiques. Dans quatre essais indépendants mais interconnectés, des questions de recherche spécifiques sont théoriquement examinées sous la « Natural-Resource-Based View (NRBV) » et la « Strategic Cognition Perspective ». Les hypothèses de l'étude sont testées empiriquement à partir des données recueillies auprès des PDG et des cadres supérieurs dans 176 entreprises manufacturières norvégiennes. / Strategic alliances have become as much a necessity as a choice for companies to be competitive in today's markets. However, making strategic alliances work is not evident. Failure rates between 30% and as high as 70% have been regularly reported. A substantial stream of research has examined how these numbers can be improved. Partner selection has been identified as a key success factor. In fact, partner-specific attributes, affecting which partners are selected, tend to have snowball effects beyond the formation phase to the design and postformation phases. Building on previous studies investigating the attribute of reputation, this thesis fills a gap by exploring the role reputation for environmental performance can play in determining firm-specific and joint competitive advantages in the different phases of strategic alliances. In four individual but connected Essays, specific research questions are theoretically examined under the Natural-Resource-Based View (NRBV) and Strategic Cognition Perspective. The study's hypotheses are empirically tested using data collected from CEOs and top managers in 176 Norwegian manufacturing firms.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Luiz_Fernando_Albertin_Bono_Milan.pdf: 1496924 bytes, checksum: dc2807d559797a738bbd609bc3b1ad35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Nas últimas décadas, o modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software foi de passatempo de programadores, para inimigo de empresas de tecnologia e, mais recentemente, passou a ser uma estratégia destas. Sob o paradigma filosófico do Realismo Crítico, o estudo tem o objetivo de identificar os mecanismos envolvidos na decisão de adoção do modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software pelas empresas. Utilizando estudo de casos múltiplos, os dados contemplam nove empresas brasileiras de tecnologia. O material qualitativo foi analisado utilizando técnicas indutivas e dedutivas, buscando evidências para suportar um modelo preliminar de pesquisa baseado na literatura e a identificação de novos fatores. Os principais resultados do estudo são: com a utilização de técnicas de mapeamento de citações, uma ampla e estruturada revisão da literatura sobre o modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software, podendo assim, oferecer o caminho principal da literatura; dos dados empíricos, foi identificado um mecanismo e mudança da prática organizacional de influência mútua, entre o nível do indivíduo e o nível da organização e os fatores, uso de software de código aberto e intenção de garantir o investimento inicial; é oferecida uma estrutura de referência – framework, que endereça os mecanismos envolvidos na adoção deste modelo pelas empresas, importante para o avanço do conhecimento sobre o tema; e, as posturas adotadas pelas empresas da amostra, relevante contribuição para os gestores das empresas no contexto brasileiro de desenvolvimento de software. Um importante achado do estudo foi que, independentemente do risco, a adoção do modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software pelas empresas parece estar mais fortemente ligada à mudança da prática organizacional do que a outros fatores. Os achados do estudo permitem aos pesquisadores, além de enxergarem a evolução da literatura sobre o tema ao longo do tempo, a avançar de forma estruturada os estudos sobre o modelo aberto de desenvolvimento de software no nível da organização, nível de análise que recebeu pouca atenção da literatura ao longo do tempo. Aos gestores do mercado, permite a reavaliação de suas estratégias em relação ao desenvolvimento de software. / In the last decades, the open software development model has gone from being a pastime for programmers to an enemy of technology companies and, more recently, to becoming a strategy for these companies. Under the philosophical paradigm of Critical Realism, this study aims to identify the mechanisms involved in the decision for companies to adopt the open software development model. Using a multiple case study, the data cover nine Brazilian technology companies. The qualitative material was analyzed using inductive and deductive techniques, seeking evidence to support a preliminary research model based on the literature and the identification of new factors. With the use of citation mapping techniques, a broad and structured review of the literature on the open software development model shows the main path that the literature has followed. From the empirical data, a mechanism was identified and a change in organizational culture with mutual influence between the individual and organizational level and the factors, use of open code software and the intention to guarantee initial investment. A framework is provided that addresses the mechanisms involved in the adoption of this model by companies. This is an important step in the advance of knowledge on the theme. Furthermore, the strategies adopted by the companies in the sample are important in that they can be helpful for company managers in the Brazilian software development context. An important finding of the study was that, regardless of the risk, the adoption of the open model of software development by companies seems to be more strongly linked to the change in organizational culture than to other factors. The findings of the study allow the researchers, in addition to seeing the evolution of the literature on the theme over time, to advance in a structured way the studies about the open model of software development at the organizational level, level of analysis that received little attention of literature over time. To managers, it allows the reevaluation of their strategies in relation to software development.

The dissertation deals with the topic of managing and experiencing stressful (extraordi-nary) situations in teaching in connection with selected teachers' personality traits. The thesis has a theoretical-empirical character. Its theoretical part presents some basic know?ledge related to the topics relevant to the processed issues (teacher's profession, persona?lity, motivation, emotion, workload and stress in the teaching profession context, selected teaching methods and organizational forms, recommendations for effective teaching and learning difficulties solutions, basics of artefacts symbolic interpretation). The aim of the research described in the empirical part of the thesis is to obtain the detailed information about the experience of difficult situations in teaching and the possibilities of their man?agement in connection with the personality structure of the selected teachers. The re?search was carried out in the mixed methods design. His qualitative part contains a multiple? case study (semi-structured interviews were conducted with six lower se?condary school teachers, their teaching was observed, an interview about their thematic collage on the theme Me as a teacher in all its positions and roles was conducted, and the same questionnaires were applied as for the quantitative part of the survey) and some open coded interviews about the thematic collages. In the quantitative research section, the data from four questionnaires were evaluated the orientation questionnaire for detecting stress in teachers by Henning and Keller (1996), the Stress Management Stra?tegies SVF 78 (Janke & Erdmann, 2003), the Freiburg Personality Inventory (Kollárik, Poliaková, & Ritomsky, 1984) and a questionnaire of our own design contains open questions. Most of the participants in the research study experience extraordinary situa?tions in their teaching, which usually cause unpleasant emotions and affect their teaching negatively. Particular relationships between personality characteristics and the teaching of the participants have been found. Respondents did not show a higher level of psychoso?matic disturbance, emotional lability, depressivity or neuroticity compared to the com?mon population. Neither between the level of stress feelings and the age or length of practice, no statistically significant relationship has been found. On the contrary, the male self-description and the adaptive burden management showed a mutually significant con?nection. Also, a higher level of stress impact in physical aspect of women compared to men proved to be statistically significant.

Abstract This study aims to clarify the early development stages of technology intensive companies. The current literature does not offer an extensive review of stage perspectives for company growth – the overall picture of the field is somewhat vague. The evolution of this field remains unclear as well as the current state. Further, recent empirical stage models focusing on technology intensive companies have not been delineated. As companies move through their early stages, they face events which contribute to or detract from their aim. A study focusing on these events may provide fresh viewpoints for understanding the management processes. This study seeks to clarify how the literature describes the early stages of technology intensive companies, and what viewpoints are highlighted by the management as a company progresses through these sequences. This retrospective multiple case study clarifies the topic with two meta-analyses and a sequential incident study carried out in ten young technology intensive companies in Finland and Thailand. First, well covered areas, trends, and ideas for fresh approaches are studied through a meta-analysis of the past 60 years of literature focusing on stages of development. Based on recent empirical studies, a sequential self assessment framework is formed. Second, it is studied whether the case study methodology could be utilised to further clarify the early stages of technology intensive companies. Third, the experiences of ten case companies are reflected through the framework in order to test the framework, and to study what viewpoints these cases reveal about the early stages of technology intensive companies. This study provided an extensive review of the research focusing on the stages of development. A four-stage framework was found applicable for a self-assessment of the early stages in technology intensive companies, while ten case studies and cross case analysis provided partial support for the framework. In addition, this study provided many potential fresh viewpoints for a theory related to the early stages of technology intensive companies. These viewpoints are considered here as starting points for further research, which is expected to provide sufficient evidence for further modification of the framework. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selkeyttää teknologiaintensiivisten yritysten varhaisia kehitysvaiheita. Kirjallisuus ei tarjoa kattavaa katsausta yrityksen kehitysvaiheita käsittelevästä tutkimuksesta – kokonaiskuva aiheesta jää jokseenkin epämääräiseksi samoin kuin alan kehitys ja nykytila. Lisäksi viimeaikaisten empiiristä aineistoa sisältävien vaihemallien tuloksia ei ole koottu yhteen. Varhaisissa kehitysvaiheissaan yritykset kohtaavat sekä tavoitteitaan edistäviä että estäviä tapahtumia. Tapahtumia tutkimalla on mahdollista nostaa esille tuoreita näkökulmia varhaisiin vaiheisiin liittyviin johtamisprosesseihin. Tämä tutkimus pyrkii selvittämään, kuinka teknologiayrityksen varhaiset kehitysvaiheet on kuvattu kirjallisuudessa ja mitä näkökulmia varhaisen kehityksen läpi käyneiden yritysten johto korostaa. Tämä takautuva monitapaustutkimus analysoi aihetta kahden meta-analyysin ja vaiheittain toteutetun kriittiset tapahtumat -menetelmän avulla. Tapaustutkimus suoritettiin kymmenessä suomalaisessa ja thaimaalaisessa yrityksessä. Ensiksi 60 edeltävää vuotta käsittävässä meta-analyysissä analysoitiin vaihemallien historia ja nykytila, trendit ja potentiaaliset ideat uusille lähestymistavoille. Viimeaikaisten empiiristen tutkimusten perusteella muodostettiin synteesi varhaisten kehitysvaiheiden itsearviointikehykseksi. Toiseksi tutkittiin voidaanko tapaustutkimusta hyödyntämällä edelleen selventää teknologiaintensiivisten yritysten varhaisia kehitysvaiheita. Kolmanneksi kymmenen tapausyrityksen kokemuksia peilattiin itsearviointikehykseen tarkoituksena testata kehystä ja analysoida mitä näkökulmia tapaukset paljastavat teknologiaintensiivisten yritysten varhaisista vaiheista. Tutkimus tarjosi laajan katsauksen yrityksen kehitysvaiheisiin keskittyvään tutkimuskenttään. Nelivaiheinen kehys todettiin soveltuvaksi varhaisten kehitysvaiheiden itsearviointiin teknologiaintensiivisissä yrityksissä – kymmenen tapausta ja näiden vertailu antoi osittaisen tuen tälle. Lisäksi tutkimus tarjosi useita uusia näkökulmia teknologiaintensiivisten yritysten varhaisia kehitysvaiheita käsittelevään teoriaan. Nämä näkökulmat toimivat lähtökohtana jatkotutkimuksille, joiden oletetaan tuovan riittävästi todistusaineistoa itsearviointikehyksen edelleenkehittämiseksi.